• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This paper proposes a PCB plane model for generic SPICE circuit simulators. The proposed model reflects two frequency-dependent losses, namely skin and dielectric losses. After power/ground plane pair is divided into arrays of unit-cells, each unit-cell is modeled using a transmission line and two loss models. The loss model is composed of a resistor for DC loss, series HL ladder circuit for skin loss and series RC ladder circuit for dielectric loss. To verify the validity of the proposed model, it is compared with SPICE ac analysis using frequency-dependent resistors. Also, we show that the estimation results using the proposed model have a good correlation with that of VNA measurement for the typical PCB stack-up structure of general desktop PCs. With the proposed model, not only ac analysis but also transient analysis can be easily done for circuits including various non-linear/linear devices since the model consists of passive elements onl.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.77-86
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• 2001

In this paper, Electromagnetic scattering problem by a resistive strip grating with 2 dielectric layers on a ground plane according as resistivity of resistive strip, relative permittivity and thickness of dielectric layers, and incident angles of a electric wave is analyzed by applying the PMM (Point Matching Method) known as a numerical procedure. The scattered electromagnetic fields are expanded in a series of floquet mode functions. The boundary conditions are applied to obtain the unknown field coefficients and the resistive boundary condition is used for the relationship between the tangential electric field and the electric current density on the strip. According as the relative permittivity and the thickness of layers are increased, the values of the geometrically normalized reflected power have a high value and the values of strip width are moved toward a high value going from left to right. When the resistivity of this paper has a value of zero, the numerical results of the geometrically normalized reflected power show in good agreement with those by the PMM of existing paper. Then, the most energys of the sharp variation point in minimum values of the geometrically normalized reflected power are scattered in direction of the other angles except incident angle.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the injury mechanism and to provide quantitative data to use in prevention or posture correction training by conducting kinematic and kinetic analyses of risk factors of lower extremity joint injury depending on the change of direction at different angles after a landing motion. Method: This study included 11 men in their twenties (age: $24.6{\pm}1.7years$, height: $176.6{\pm}4.4cm$, weight: $71.3{\pm}8.0kg$) who were right-leg dominant. By using seven infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden), one force platform (AMTI, USA), and an accelerometer (Noraxon, USA), single-leg drop landing was performed at a height of 30 cm. The joint range of motion (ROM) of the lower extremity, peak joint moment, peak joint power, peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and peak vertical acceleration were measured. For statistical analysis, one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted at a significance level of ${\alpha}$ <.05. Results: Ankle and knee joint ROM in the sagittal plane significantly differed, respectively (F = 3.145, p = .024; F = 14.183, p = .000), depending on the change of direction. However, no significant differences were observed in the ROM of ankle and knee joint in the transverse plane. Significant differences in peak joint moment were also observed but no statistically significant differences were found in negative joint power between the conditions. Peak vertical GRF was high in landing (LAD) and after landing, left $45^{\circ}$ cutting (LLC), with a significant difference (F = 9.363, p = .000). The peak vertical acceleration was relatively high in LAD and LLC compared with other conditions, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: We conclude that moving in the left direction may expose athletes to greater injury risk in terms of joint kinetics than moving in the right direction. However, further investigation of joint injury mechanisms in sports would be required to confirm these findings.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.754-763
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• 2002

This paper discusses the improved power performances of the size-reduced amplifier using defected ground structure (DGS). The slow-wave effect and enlarged electrical length occur due to the additional equivalent circuit elements of DGS. Using these properties, it is possible to reduce the length of transmission lines in order to keep the same original electrical lengths by inserting DGS on the ground plane. The matching and performances of the amplifier are preserved even after DGS patterns have been inserted. While there is no loss in the size-reduced transmission lines at the operating frequency, but there exists loss to some extent at harmonic frequencies. This leads to the more excellent inherent capability of harmonic rejection of the size-reduced amplifier. Therefore, it is expected tile harmonics of the size-reduced amplifier are smaller than those of the original amplifier. The measured second harmonic, third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the size-reduced amplifier are smaller than those of the original amplifier by 5 dB, 2~6 dB, and 1~4 dB, respectively, as expectation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.442-446
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• 2000

The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET) has undergone many changes in the last decade in response to the constant demand for increased speed, decreased power, and increased parking density. Therefore, it was interested in scaling theory, and full-band Monte Carlo device simulator has been used to study the effects of device scaling on hot carriers in different MOSFET structures. MOSFET structures investigated in this study include a conventional MOSFET with a single source/drain, implant a lightly-doped drain(LDD) MOSFET, and a MOSFET built on an epitaxial layer(EPI) of a heavily-doped ground plane, and those are analyzed using TCAD(Technology Computer Aided Design) for scaling and simulation. The scaling has used a constant-voltage scaling method, and we have presented MOSFET´s characteristics such as I-V characteristic, impact ionization, electric field and recognized usefulness of TCAD, providing a physical basis for understanding how they relate to scaling.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.437-443
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• 2004

Aperture has been employed on the ground plane in the hairpin resonator. Aperture has been fabricated by etching the part of the ground effected coupling coefficient and then quality factor of hairpin resonator has been increased. When the hairpin oscillator using aperture has been compared with the conventional hairpin oscillator using microstrip, it has been improved the phase noise about 19 ㏈c @100 ㎑. As a result of PBG connecting to the output of the employing aperture hairpin oscillator, the second and third harmonics are suppressed. In this paper, oscillator has been designed and fabricated in operating 5.8 ㎓ band. The output power has been obtained 0,67 ㏈m and the second harmonic has been suppressed about -53,67 ㏈c.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.1049-1052
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• 1998

A new simplified circuit model for the switching noise analysis of the complicated multi-layer IC package is developed. The current flowing mechanism on the ground and power planes of the package is simplified by using the dependent current soures and partial plane circuit model. The methodology is very cost-efficient as well as accurate. It is demonstrated that the nosie based on the simplified circuit model has an excellent agreement with that of the complicated full circuit model. However, the simplified model takes only 5 minutes for the switching noise simulation, while the full circuit model takes more than 4 hours.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1990

This paper presents an efficient method to estimate the induced current by the external electromagnetic wave when the line system is composed of cascaded transmission lines. To solve this phenomena, we apply the state variable method to the nonhomogeneous differential equation. This new method is the way of transferring the sources at a different point by the Ch- aracteristics of the transition matrix. Using this method, we investigate the characteristics of the induced power of the transmission line above the perfectly conducting ground plane.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

In communication systems, there are various types of microstrip antenna that can be used for many applications. This paper mainly focuses on the simple design of an inset rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for rectenna design. The study involves using an high frequency structure simulator to design the antenna dimensions and to determine its performance. This antenna is based on a thickness of 1.6 mm flame retardant 4 (FR-4) substrate having a dielectric constant of approximately 4.7, an inset feed, and a ground plane. After simulation, the antenna performance characteristics such as its return loss, voltage standing wave ratio, gain, and radiation pattern were obtained and compared with the fabricated measured antenna.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2002

The attenuation of millimeter waves (70-100 ㎓) propagating along Josephson Junction stripline had been measured by pattern recognition near gap voltage and proximity current bump. Test series arrays of 2000, 3000, and 4000 Josephson junctions with the area of $12\mu\textrm{m}$$\times$ $38\mu\textrm{m}$ had two sub-arrays with 50 Junctions at both ends. The arrays were fabricated with and without applying a plasma nitridation process to Nb ground plane. The effects of a nitridationprocess measured by the pattern recognition near gap voltage and proximity current bump were about 1.3-1.7 ㏈ and 1.6-1.8 ㏈, respectively. This means that the last sub-arrays with a nitridation process receive 26-34% more power than those without a nitridation process.