• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2009

A stochastic response spectrum method is proposed for simple evaluation of the structural response of an actively controlled aseismic structure. The response spectrum is constructed assuming a linear structure with an active mass damper (AMD) system, and an earthquake wave model given by the product of a non-stationary envelope function and a stationary Gaussian random process with Kanai-Tajimi power spectral density. The control design is executed using a linear quadratic Gaussian control strategy for an enlarged state space system, and the response amplification factor is given by the combination of the obtained statistical response values and extreme value theory. The response spectrum thus produced can be used for simple dynamical analyses. The response factors obtained by this method for a multi-degree-of-freedom structure are shown to be comparable with those determined by numerical simulations, demonstrating the validity and utility of the proposed technique as a simple design tool. This method is expected to be useful for engineers in the initial design stage for structures with active aseismic control.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2006

We report 1/f noise PSD(Power Spectrum Density) of sub-100 nm MOSFETs as a function of various parameters such as HCS (Hot Carrier Stress), bias condition, temperature, device size and types of MOSFETs. The noise spectra of sub-100 nm devices showed Lorentzian-like noise spectra. We could check roughly the position of a dominant noise source by changing $V_{DS}$. With increasing measurement temperature, the 1/f noise PSD of 50 nm PMOS device decreases, but there is no decrease in the noise of NMOS device. RTN (Random Telegraph Noise) was measured from the device that shows clearly a Lorentzian-like noise spectrum in 1/f noise spectrum.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1374-1389
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 개인휴대 통신 시스템을 위해 시간도약부호와 2진직교시퀸스를 사용하는 새로운 M진직교 부호분할 다원접속방식을 제안한다. 제안된 방식의 변조기 출력신호는 넓은 대역폭 점유와 낮은 스펙트럼밀도의 특성을 갖고 있어, 현대의 무선 주파수채널을 점유하고 있는 협대역 전송방식과의 주파수 중첩사용에 매우 유용하다. 본 논문은 변조기 출력신호의 전력스펙트럼에 대한 분석을 통하여 시스템의 특성을 조사하고 스펙트럼 중첩에의 응용 가능성을 입증한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1998

Wind forces on structures are usually schematized by the sum of their mean static part and a nil mean fluctuation generally treated as a stationary process randomly varying in space and time. The multi-variate and multi-dimensional nature of such a process requires a considerable quantity of numerical procedures to carry out the dynamic analysis of the structural response. With the aim of drastically reducing the above computational burden, this paper introduces a method by means of which the external fluctuating wind forces on slender structures and structural elements are schematized by an equivalent process identically coherent in space. This process is identified by a power spectral density function, called the Generalized Equivalent Spectrum, whose expression is given in closed form.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

일반적으로 대역확산기술은 원하는 전송신호에서 요구되는 최소 나이퀴스트 대역과 관련하여 신호 대역의 인위적인 확산하는 것으로 인식된다. 대역확산은 재밍, 간섭 등의 탄력성, 신호전력의 감소 등 여러목적으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 대역확산은 작은 안테나, 송신 EIRP 증가없이 수신신호의 에너지를 증가시키고 링크버짓의 제한을 만족시키기 위함이다. 실제로 많은 이동환경 시나리오에서 DVB-S2 표준의 낮은 대역폭당 전송효율 형태의 전송형태에도 링크버짓을 만족시키지 못할 수 있다. 대역확산기술은 송신단의 전력제한환경하에 기존의 DVB-S2의 새로운 전송형태의 추가없이 시스템성능을 만족시킬수 있는 기법이다. 이러한 목표를 위해 대역확산기술의 설계는 스펙트럼 형상, 물리계층 성능, 링크버짓, 하드웨어 재사용, 강인성, 복잡도, 존재하는 사용 모듈과의 호환성등이 고려된다. 제한된 기법의 구현은 현재 DVB-S2 를 완전히 만족시키는 것이 가능해진다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.628-649
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• 2017

Security and resource-saving are both demands of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. In this paper, we study the secrecy spectrum efficiency (SSE) and secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) of a K-tier massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) enabled heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet), in which artificial noise (AN) are employed for secrecy enhancement. Assuming (i) independent Poisson point process model for the locations of base stations (BSs) of each tier as well as that of eavesdroppers, (ii) zero-forcing precoding at the macrocell BSs (MBSs), and (iii) maximum average received power-based cell selection, the tractable lower bound expressions for SSE and SEE of massive MIMO enabled HetNets are derived. Then, the influences on secrecy oriented spectrum and energy efficiency performance caused by the power allocation for AN, transmit antenna number, number of users served by each MBS, and eavesdropper density are analyzed respectively. Moreover, the analysis accuracy is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 방전 플라즈마 유기절연재료 초전도 자성체연구회
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• pp.76-81
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• 2004

This paper presents the results of spectral analysis of leakage current waveforms on contaminated insulators under various fog and environment conditions(salt fog, clean fog, rain) The larger the leakage current during 200ms, the higer the power spectrum at 60Hz. For almost equal maximum current during 200ms, however, the spectrum at 60hz and the odd order harmonics increase emphatically when discharges occur continuously for several half-waves. If contaminated insulators suffers from high salt-density fog, the leakage current occurs with high crest value intermittently, results in the low spectrum. Analysis of leakage current data showed that this electrical activity was characterized by transient arcing behavior contaminants are deposited on the insulator surface during salt fog tests. This provides a path for the leakage current to flow along the surface of the insulator. It is important to have an indication of the pollution accumulation in order to evulate the test performance of a particular insulator. If the drop in surface resistivity is severe enough, then the leakage current may escalate into s service interrupting flashover that degrade power quality.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.560-566
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• 2004

In this paper, the electrical and emission properties of electrodeless fluorescent lamp were discussed using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) with the variation of argon gas pressure and RF power. The RF output was applied to the antenna in the range of 5∼50 W at 13.56 MHz. The internal plasma voltage of the chamber and the probe current were measured while varying the supply voltage to the Langmuir probe in the range of －100V∼＋100V. When the pressure of argon gas was increased, electric current was decreased. There was a significant electric current increase from 10 to 30 W. Also, when the RF power was increased, electron density was increased. Also, the emission spectrum, Ar- I lins, luminance were investigated. At this time, the input parameter for ICP RF plasma, Ar gas pressure and RF power were applied in the range of 10∼60 mTorr, 10∼300 W, respectively. This implies that this method can be used to find an optimal RF power for efficient light illumination in an electrodeless fluorescent lamp.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2001

한정된 주파수 문제를 해결하기 위해 제안된 초광대역 통신 시스템은 전 주파수 대역에 걸쳐 스펙트럼이 마치 기저 대역 잡음과 유사한 형태로 존재하여 타 통신 시스템에 간섭을 주지 않고 고속의 통신이 가능하며, 반송파를 사용하지 않기 때문에 송 수신기의 소비 전력과 그 구조를 간략화 시킬 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 펄스위치 방식 (Pulse Positioning Modulation : PPM)은 주파수 스펙트럼 상에 불연속 전력 스펙트럼 성분이 존재하여 시스템의 효율을 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 불연속 전력 스펙트럼 성분이 발생하지 않고, 유클리드 거리가 최대가 될 수 있는 Antipodal 신호를 제안한다. 또한, 고주파 시뮬레이터인 Agilent사의 Advanced Design System을 사용하여 Antipodal 신호를 이용한 변 복조기를 설계하여 구현 및 적용 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1233-1241
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• 2019

The goal of the sound-based mechanical fault diagnosis technique is to automatically find abnormal signals in the machine using acoustic emission. Conventional methods of using mathematical models have been found to be inaccurate due to the complexity of industrial mechanical systems and the existence of nonlinear factors such as noise. Therefore, any fault diagnosis issue can be treated as a pattern recognition problem. We propose an automatic fault diagnosis method using discrete wavelet transform and power spectrum density using multi pattern recognition. First, we perform DWT-based filtering analysis for noise cancelling and effective feature extraction. Next, the power spectral density(PSD) is performed on each subband of the DWT in order to effectively extract feature vectors of sound. Finally, each PSD data is extracted with the features of the classifier using multi pattern recognition. The results show that the proposed method can not only be used effectively to detect faults as well as apply to various automatic diagnosis system based on sound.