• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.621-632
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• 2020

This research deals with the study of vibrational behavior of armchair and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes invoking extended Love shell theory. The effects of different physical and material parameters on the fundamental frequencies are investigated. By using volume fraction for power law index, the fundamental natural frequency spectra for two forms of single-walled carbon nanotubes are calculated. The influence of frequencies against length-to-diameter ratios with varying power law index are investigated in detail for these tubes. To discretize the governing equation in eigen-value form, wave propagation approach is developed. Complex exponential functions have been used and the axial model depends on boundary condition that has been described at the edges of carbon nanotubes to calculate the axial modal dependence. Computer software MATLAB is utilized for the frequencies of single-walled carbon nanotubes and current results shows a good stability with comparison of other studies.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.44-64
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• 2017

From the field survey of the main ethnic minority areas in the south China, it is found that political, economic, cultural and natural environmental changes are the main reasons leading to the change of customary law. The power mechanism of the customary law change include the three aspects, such as the promotion of country elite, the dominance of grassroots government, and the daily demands of the villagers, which promote the change of customary law alone or together. Through the application of customary law, the country elites can adjust and refine the rules of customary law in order to make out the new customary law and promote its development. In the current pattern of rural governance, grassroots self-government is actually the "official supervision of people's autonomy". The executive power of the grassroots government often intervene the practice of customary law and other informal rules. This is another mechanism of customary law change. Customary law arises from the practice of the daily life of the villagers. If the villagers think that the norms of customary law cannot meet the actual needs of daily life practice, the customary law will be promoted in the form of collective consultation. This is the most important dynamic practice mechanism of customary law change. Transformation and abandonment are the two ways to change customary law. No matter what kind of change does not lead to the demise of the customary law system, the demise of the customary law is only an outdated result, which is made by the universality, nature and objectivity of customary law. The procedure of customary law change is the process of continuation and rebirth about customary law. The result of the change is to produce the new customary law of keeping pace with the times, and the customary law will be presented with new content and form after the change. The continuation of customary law means the inheritance of traditional customary law, but it is based on the transformation of traditional customary law. The rebirth of customary law means that the traditional customary law is completely discarded. But it will produce new customary law rules and be based on the needs of social life practice. Customary law occupies a pivotal position in the normative system and the national law cannot be replaced. The purpose of customary law change will let the customary rules better adapt to the development of modern society, adjust the social relations more reasonably and better meet people's needs of production and life, which is decided by the character of customary law.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.176-185
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• 2011

The empirical correlations for the prediction of penetration height of liquid jet in crossflow are reviewed and classified in this study. Around thirty different correlations had been proposed by many investigators. It has generally known that the penetration height of a liquid jet in a cross-flow is a function of the liquid to air momentum flux ratio and the normalized downstream distance from the injector. However, several researchers incorporated the Weber number, liquid-to-water or air viscosity ratio, pressure ratio or Reynolds number, temperature ratio in the empirical correlations. The existing correlations can be grouped as correlations in a power-law, logarithmic, and exponential forms, respectively. Correlations in a power-law form can be further classified as three groups such as basic form, Weber number form and other parameters form. It should be pointed out that correlations in a logarithmic form in terms of Weber number or any other parameters could not be found. Universal correlation has still not been established due to the significant discrepancies between various correlations suggested to date. Several of the studies reported the significant discrepancies of predicted values by the existing correlations. The possible reasons for discrepancies will be summarized as measurement technique, assumptions made in defining terms in the liquid to air momentum flux ratio, difficulties in defining the boundaries of the liquid jets, and nozzle/injector geometry. Evaluation of validity for the correlations proposed recently by several investigators is essentially required. Those include eight power-law forms, two logarithmic forms, and one exponential form.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

The analysis model is the infinite body consisted of power law creep material containing a rigid inclusion with line crack shape subjected to the arbitrarily directional stress on an infinite boundary. The crack analysis is performed using the complex pseudo-stress function. The strain rate intensity factor is determined in the closed form as new fracture mechanics parmeter which represents the magnitudes of stress and strain rate near the tip in power law creep material.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.3-37
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• 2003

English law accepts the basic principle of freedom of contract that the parties should be free to agree on any terms that they like unless their agreement is illegal or otherwise contrary to public policy because it infringes some public interest. On the other hand, it has been limited for hundreds of years on the basis that certain contract terms, particularly in standard form, may alter a distribution of risks that the customer would reasonably intended. The alteration may often result from his simple ignorance caused by either lack of opportunity to become aware of clauses or inability to understand their full potential implications. In addition, it may also result from disparity in bargaining power which does not allow the customer to look after their own interests even if he is fully aware of the unacceptable clauses. In response to this problem, English law has employed both judicial and statutory intervention techniques to control unfair contract terms. This study describes and analyzes in detail how English law regulates such terms, particularly, in standard form, in order to provide legal advice to our sellers residing either in UK or in Korea who plan to enter into UK markets. It also attempts to explore any problem in the existing double legislations of UCTA and UTCCR and put forward future direction of English law in light of the Draft Unfair Terms Bill which was currently proposed by the Law Commissioners. The main concern of this paper will be confined to some of the various aspects of both judicial and statutory control of unfair contract terms in English law which may draw our attention in terms of domestic or international business sales.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2012

본 연구는 충적하천에서 실측된 현장자료를 이용하여 흐름에 관한 저항계수와 관계식을 분석하고 유도하였으며, 연구에는 자연하천 자료 1,865개와 식생하천 자료 739개가 포함된 2,604개 자료가 사용되었다. 회귀분석에 의해 Manning 조도계수와 Darcy-Weisbach 마찰계수 관계식이 자연하천 하상재료와 식생하천 식생자료의 유량과 마찰경사를 함수로 하는 멱함수 형의 식으로 각각 유도되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.495-507
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• 2016

본 연구의 주목적은 유역의 유출응집구조를 분석하고 이를 기반으로 멱함수 법칙분포의 대표적 특성인 보편성을 수문학적 관점에서 입증해 보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 최우법에 따라 집수면적의 누가분포에 대한 멱함수 법칙분포의 적합을 수행하였으며 이로부터 도출된 멱함수 법칙분포의 지수를 집수평면의 형상을 기반으로 평가하여 보았다. 주요한 결과로서 본 연구의 대상 유역들은 집수평면의 규모에 대하여 거의 모두 동일한 형태의 분포를 취하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 얻은 멱함수 법칙분포의 지수는 선행연구에서 제시된 값에 비하여 다소 큰 수치로 나타났는데 이는 본 연구의 대상유역들이 가진 자기상사성의 특징을 반영하는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 DEM을 기반으로 보다 더 실제에 가까운 흐름방향모의를 통한 집수평면의 멱함수 법칙분포의 보편성에 대한 연구가 반드시 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2022

This paper studies the static stability of an axially graded column with the power-law gradient varying along the axial direction. For a nonhomogeneous column with one end linked to a rotational spring and loaded by a compressive force, respectively, an Euler problem is analyzed by solving a boundary value problem of an ordinary differential equation with varying coefficients. Buckling loads through the characteristic equation with the aid of the Bessel functions are exactly given. An alternative way to approximately determine buckling loads through the integral equation method is also presented. By comparing approximate buckling loads with the exact ones, the approximate solution is simple in form and enough accurate for varying power-law gradients. The influences of the gradient index and the rotational spring stiffness on the critical forces are elucidated. The critical force and mode shapes at buckling are presented in graph. The critical force given here may be used as a benchmark to check the accuracy and effectiveness of numerical solutions. The approximate solution provides a feasible approach to calculating the buckling loads and to assessing the loss of stability of columns in engineering.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

The Legal Consciousness is a feeling or attitude toward the law from the people. Most Korean had a traditional consciousness that did not consider the law so friendly, also, the perception of law is also very negative is the common result of various investigations so far. This is caused by a distrust of the political power that operates the law than just distrust of law. Moreover, it is a serious problem that these negative attitudes are getting stronger over time. Especially when looking at the situation of the monopoly of government affairs in Park Geun-hye administration, the law was not a means of realizing social justice on the side of the socially weak, it has come to the fact that the law has been recognized as a tool of oppression by the ruling group, which seizes power in a fraudulent manner and accumulates economic wealth. It was a really ridiculous incident. In addition, not all citizens need to be experts in law, but the law is a bowl for society, and filling the bowl is a moral form or value of society in general. And since society has a peculiar law, and the modern state has the rule of law as its basic principle, most human acts have a direct relationship with law. In particular, it is true that the problem of the legal consciousness of college students is frequently mentioned today. Therefore, in this study, through the examine the contents of the legal consciousness of the K university female students in Gwangju and will consider the cause of this.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2020

Five layers in mean flow are proposed by using the direct numerical simulation data of turbulent pipe flow up to Reτ = 3008. Viscous sublayer, buffer layer, mesolayer, log layer and core region are investigated. In the buffer layer, the viscous force is counterbalanced by the turbulent inertia from the streamwise mean momentum balance, and a log law occurs here. The overlap layer is composed of the mesolayer and the log layer. Above the buffer layer, the non-negligible viscous force causes the power law, and this region is the mesolayer, where it is the lower part of the overlap layer. At the upper part of the overlap layer, where the viscous force itself becomes naturally negligible, the log layer will appear due to that the acceleration force of the large-scale motions increases as the Reynolds number increases. In the core region, the velocity-defect form is satisfied with the power-law scaling.