• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.199-207
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose efficient smart indoor emotional lighting control system based on android platform using the biological signal. The proposed smart indoor smart emotional lighting control system were configured as the biological signal measurement device and removable smart wall pad, lighting driver, luminaire. The control system was extracts the emotional language by measured the biological signal, and it was transmitted a control signal to each lighting driver using a bluetooth in the wall pad. The lighting driver were designed to control the lighting device through an expansion board by collected control signal and the illuminance information the surrounding. In this case, the wall pad can be selecting of manual control and the bio signal mode by that indoor emotional lighting control algorithms, and it was implemented the control program that possible to partial control by selecting the wanted light. Experiment results of the proposed smart indoor emotional lighting control system, it were possible to the optional control about the luminaire of required area, and the manual control by to adjustable of color temperature with that the efficiently adjustable of lighting by to biological signal and emotional language. Therefore, were possible to effective control for improvement of concentration and business capability of indoor space business conduct by controlling the color and brightness that is appropriate for your situation. And, was reduced power consumption and dimmer voltage, lighting-current than the existing-emotional lighting control system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2007

This paper presents a new dual-loop Delay Locked Loop(DLL) to expand the delay lock range of a conventional DLL. The proposed dual-loop DLL contains a Coarse_loop and a Fine_loop, and its operation utilizes one of the loops selected by comparing the initial time-difference among the reference clock and 2 internal clocks. The 2 internal clock signals are taken, respectively, at the midpoint and endpoint of a VCDL and thus are $180^{\circ}$ separated in phase. When the proposed DLL is out of the conventional lock range, the Coarse_loop is selected to push the DLL in the conventional lock range and then the Fine_loop is used to complete the locking process. Therefore, the proposed DLL is always stably locked in unless it is harmonically false-locked. Since the VCDL employed in the proposed DLL needs two control voltages to adjust the delay time, it uses TG-based inverters, instead of conventional, multi-stacked, current-starved inverters, to compose the delay line. The new VCDL provides a wider delay range than a conventional VCDL In overall, the proposed DLL demonstrates a more than 2 times wider lock range than a conventional DLL. The proposed DLL circuits have been designed, simulated and proved using 0.18um, 1.8V TSMC CMOS library and its operation frequency range is 100MHz${\sim}$1GHz. Finally, the maximum phase error of the DLL locked in at 1GHz is less than 11.2ps showing a high resolution and the simulated power consumption is 11.5mW.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.40-49
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• 2008

A Frequency synthesizer for mobile-DTV applications is implemented using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process with 1.8V supply. PMOS transistors are chosen for VCO core to reduce phase noise. The measurement result of VCO frequency range is 800MHz-1.67GHz using switchable inductors, capacitors and varactors. We use varactor bias technique for the improvement of VCO gain linearity, and the number of varactor biasing are minimized as two. VCO gain deterioration is also improved by using the varactor switching technique. The VCO gain and interval of VCO gain are maintained as low and improved using the VCO frequency calibration block. The sigma-delta modulator for fractional divider is designed by the co-simualtion method for accuracy and efficiency improvement. The VCO, PFD, CP and LF are verified by Cadence Spectre, and the sigma-delta modulator is simulated using Matlab Simulink, ModelSim and HSPICE. The power consumption of the frequency synthesizer is 18mW, and the VCO has 52.1% tuning range according to the VCO maximum output frequency. The VCO phase noise is lower than -100dBc/Hz at 1MHz at 1MHz offset for 1GHz, 1.5GHz, and 2GHz output frequencies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a novel Globally Asynchronous, Locally Dynamic System(GALDS) bus and demonstrate its performance. The proposed GALDS bus is the bidirectional multitasking bus with the segmented bus architecture supporting the concurrent operation of multi-masters and multi-slaves. By analyzing system tasks, the bus architecture chooses the optimal frequency for each If among multiples of bus frequency and thus we can reduce the overall power consumption. For efficient data communications between IPs operating in different frequencies, we designed an asynchronous and bidirectional FIFO based on an asynchronous wrapper with hand-shaking interface. In addition, since systems can be easily expandable by inserting bus segments, the proposed architecture has advantages in IP reusability and structural flexibility As a test example, a four-segment bus haying four masters and four slaves were designed by using Verilog HDL. We demonstrate multitasking operations with read/write data transfers by simulation when the ratios of operation frequency are 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. The data transfer mode is a 16 burst increment mode compatible with Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture(AMBA). The maximum operation latency of the proposed GALDS bus is 22 clock cycles for the bus write operation, and 44 clock cycles for read.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

Flash memory has penetrated our life in various forms. For example, flash memory is important storage component of ubiquitous computing or mobile products such as cell phone, MP3 player, PDA, and portable storage kits. Behind of the wide acceptance as memory is many advantages of flash memory: for instances, low power consumption, nonvolatile, stability and portability. In addition to mentioned strengths, the recent development of gigabyte range capacity flash memory makes a careful prediction that the flash memory might replace some of storage area dominated by hard disks. In order to have overwriting function, one block must be erased before overwriting is performed. This difference results in the cost of reading, writing and erasing in flash memory[1][5][6]. Since this difference has not been considered in traditional buffer replacement technologies adopted in system software such as OS and DBMS, a new buffer replacement strategy becomes necessary. In this paper, a new buffer replacement strategy, reflecting difference I/O cost and applicable to flash memory, suggest and compares with other buffer replacement strategies using workloads as Zipfian distribution and real data.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.378-388
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• 2008

Flash memory has been attracting attention as the next mass storage media for mobile computing systems such as notebook computers and UMPC(Ultra Mobile PC)s due to its low power consumption, high shock and vibration resistance, and small size. A storage system with flash memory excels in random read, sequential read, and sequential write. However, it comes short in random write because of flash memory's physical inability to overwrite data, unless first erased. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose an SSD(Solid State Disk) architecture with two novel features. First, we utilize non-volatile FRAM(Ferroelectric RAM) in conjunction with NAND flash memory, and produce a synergy of FRAM's fast access speed and ability to overwrite, and NAND flash memory's low and affordable price. Second, the architecture categorizes host write requests into small random writes and large sequential writes, and processes them with two different buffer management, optimized for each type of write request. This scheme has been implemented into an SSD prototype and evaluated with a standard PC environment benchmark. The result reveals that our architecture outperforms conventional HDD and other commercial SSDs by more than three times in the throughput for random access workloads.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 1999

A micro-gas sensor with heater and sensing electrode on the same plane was fabricated on phosphosilicate glass(PSG, 800nm)/$Si_3N_4$ (150nm) dielectric membrane. PSG film was provided by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD), and $Si_3N_4$ film by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). Total area of the fabricated device was $3.78{\times}3.78mm^2$. The area of diaphragm was $1.5{\times}1.5mm^2$, and that of the sensing layer was $0.24{\times}0.24mm^2$. Finite-element simulation was employed to estimate temperature distribution for a square-shaped diaphragm. The power consumption of Pt heater was about 85mW at $350^{\circ}C$. Tin thin films were deposited on the silicon substrate by thermal evaporation at room temperature and $232^{\circ}C$, and tin oxide films($SnO_2$) were prepared by thermal oxidation of the metallic tin films at $650^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours in oxygen ambient. The film analyses were carried out by SEM and XRD techniques. Effects of humidity and ambient temperature on the resistance of the sensing layer were found to be negligible. The fabricated micro-gas sensor exhibited high sensitivity to butane gas.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.125-133
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• 2014

The column-oriented database storage is a very advanced model for large-volume data analysis systems because of its superior I/O performance. Traditional data storages exploit row-oriented storage where the attributes of a record are placed contiguously in hard disk for fast write operations. However, for search-mostly datawarehouse systems, column-oriented storage has become a more proper model because of its superior read performance. Recently, solid state drive using MLC flash memory is largely recognized as the preferred storage media for high-speed data analysis systems. The features of non-volatility, low power consumption, and fast access time for read operations are sufficient grounds to support flash memory as major storage components of modern database servers. However, we need to improve traditional transaction management scheme due to the relatively slow characteristics of column compression and flash operation as compared to RAM memory. In this research, we propose a new scheme called Column-aware Multi-Version Locking (CaMVL) scheme for efficient transaction processing. CaMVL improves transaction performance by using compression lock and multi version reads for efficiently handling slow flash write/erase operation in lock management process. We also propose a simulation model to show the performance of CaMVL. Based on the results of the performance evaluation, we conclude that CaMVL scheme outperforms the traditional scheme.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2014

The effects of aloe on liver function and lipid metabolic disorders induced by alcohol consumption were studied in rats using aloe power (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%) and 10% ethanol. 35 Sprague-Dawley (male, 4 weeks old) rats were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for six weeks. Body weights of rats tended to be lower in all alcohol supplemented groups than in the control. Food intakes and dry feces per day were significantly lower in all alcohol supplemented groups than in the control. Atherogenic indices (AI) were highest in the alcohol group and decreased in proportion with aloe amount. Serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in the alcohol group than in the control, but tended to be lower in the aloe supplemented groups. In relation to liver function, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities tended to be higher in the alcohol groups than in the control, but lower in the aloe groups, especially in the alcohol+0.5% AO group. The levels of liver cholesterol were significantly lower in the alcohol group than in the control and aloe supplemented groups. In the histochemical evaluation, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, whereas they decreased slightly in the alcohol+0.25% AO group and apparently disappeared in the alcohol +0.5% AO. On the other hand, fat droplets appeared again on the liver-lobule in the alcohol+1% AO group, but were reduced compared with the alcohol group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerides, the level of linoleic acid (18:2) was significantly higher in the aloe supplemented group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine (PC), the level of linoleic acid was higher in the alcohol group and alcohol+1% AO group than the other groups. In contrast, the level of arachidonic acid was significantly lower in the alcohol group. As a result, arachidonic / linoleic acid ratios were significantly lower in the alcohol group compared to the control group, whereas the ratios of the aloe supplemented groups were similar to that of the control group. Therefore, aloe had some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorders induced by alcohol and affected desaturation of fatty acids.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.9-18
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• 2006

In the digital camera system, CMOS image sensor (CIS) is widely used because its size and weight become smaller and power consumption becomes lower. However, there are common problems that colors of the recorded image do not match those of the photographed object and that spectral sensitivity of the CIS used in different cameras varies largely in each case. Therefore, color correction is needed because the spectral sensitivity of the CIS in each color is neither the same color component for most standard colors nor the appropriate color representation for any output devices. In the conventional method, a color correction is empirically obtained by a large number of iterative experiments, but the result is not so satisfied. In this paper, a new method to obtain the efficient color correction matrix for digital camera using CIS is proposed. We obtain camera transfer matrix under the certain white-balance point, and color correction matrix that makes the transfer characteristic of digital camera close to the transfer characteristic of ideal camera is obtained. The experimental results show that the transfer characteristic of digital camera by the proposed method is close to that of the ideal camera. In addition, the image quality of pictures of digital camera using the proposed method is dramatically improved.