• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

The main object of the study is to investigate the relationship between depressive symptom and poverty and to analyze the interaction effect between poverty and informal social relationship on depressive symptom. The data for the study is survey data on Life of elderly in Chuncheon Area in 2014. The sample size of the survey is 2,023 and because of missing data, the analysis contains data for 1,934 persons. The survey is conducted by the face to face interview with the questionnaire. Results of the analysis are as follows. First, the poverty shows positive relationship with depressive symptom. Second, the level of contact with children and support exchange with friends show negative relationship with depressive symptom. Third, There is interaction effect between poverty and level of contact with children on depressive symptom.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.159-187
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• 2010

The main purpose of this paper is to attempt an alternative measurement and analysis of poverty considering income as well as time in order to present an effective antipoverty policy. Based on Korea Welfare Panel Study (2005), the income poverty, time poverty, and double poverty of household in which householders were under 60 years were measured. Moreover this paper found that households experiencing the time poverty might be faced with additional income poverty because of the necessity to purchase care services in the market to compensate for the time. As a result of the analysis, income poverty rate is 9.5%, time poverty rate is 15.7%, and time-adjusted income poverty rate is 10.8%. And low-educated single parents with young children are more likely to experienced income as well as time poverty. Therefore, this paper proved that the 'welfare to work' policy without considering situations in household could be faced with the limit. Furthermore, this paper suggests that social welfare policy should aim at minimizing the tradeoffs among different works and activities, and then support to improve the quality of life.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

Using data from the Panel Study on Korean Children, this study investigated whether children with high levels of problem behaviors adjusted more poorly on the $1^{st}-grade$ than children with low levels of problem behaviors, and whether there was evidence of intra-individual stability in behavior problems over time. Data were analyzed by use of the Latent Growth Model and group differences analyses. Three findings were noteworthy. First, there was evidence of intra-individual and inter-individual variability in behavior problems between poor- and non-poor household children. Second, children with higher initial levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 4 years had lower school readiness scores at 6 years. Finally, children with lower levels of school readiness at 6 years had lower school adjustment scores in $1^{st}$ grade. The results discuss implications for future research and policies for preschool children. With mediating effect of school readiness, developmental trajectories of child's problem behavior have been found to be predictors of delayed achievements in school. The results show that intervention programs are necessary for children with high levels of problem behavior. This study also showed that children who experienced poverty at home could have more difficulties in school readiness and school adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.39-69
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• 2018

Women with children suffer from double burden of childcare and household labor. Based on the framework of social determinants of mental health, this study investigated the moderated mediation effect of income in the relationship between time poverty and mental health among women with children. The study sample included 1,505 women from the $6^{th}$ wave of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF). Results showed that the lower level of time poverty was associated with decreased stress and depression, and stress mediated the relationship between time poverty and depression. Income had a moderated mediation effect in the relationship between time poverty, stress, and depression. Time poor women were more vulnerable to poor mental health, and income buffered the effect of time poverty on women's mental health. This implies that women in the lower end of socioeconomic ladder are more prone to the effect of time poverty. The study speaks to the importance of social factors on mental health which has usually been considered an individual problem. Policies and services need to address women's working conditions and income security in order to increase their mental health.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.321-341
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine income composition elements, poverty rate, and the effects of the transfer income on poverty decrease comparing grandparents-grandchildren households with living alone, couple, and living with adulthood children. Data come from the first(2005) and the second(2007) Korean Retirement and Income Study(KReIS) and the effects of poverty decrease is examined through reconstruction of LIS income definition. The main findings are as follows. First, the total income of the grandparents-grandchildren in 2006 is the lowest and about one-fourth of the households living with adulthood children. Second, the labor income of all households are increasing but the only grandparents-grandchildren's labor income is decreasing. Third, three of ten in grandparents- grandchildren households are in poverty, the poorest households's type is the grandparents-grandchildren in 2006. Fourth, four of ten in grandparents-grandchildren is able to escape poverty after including private and public transfer income. Especially, the effects of the public transfer income in grandparents-grandchildren households is lower in 2006 than in 2004, thus the role of public income security is strongly needed. Existing research was that the poorest type among the elderly group was the living-alone households, but this results show that grandparents -grandchildren households are the poorest group. Thus, income security policy is highly needed for poor skipped-generation households.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.847-859
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• 2008

Purpose of this research is to analyze process through which poverty influences in child abuse and neglect. Data come from Seoul Panel Study of Children 2004-2005 and analysis method is Structural Equation Modeling. Results demonstrate that poverty has a direct influence on child abuse and neglect. Also poverty influences through process variable such as depression of parent and family relationship. And depression of parent influences child abuse and neglect through family relation. finding from this study suggest that societal support for poor families can prevent child abuse and neglect. Specially, such societal support need to be centered to low income family and family process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.26
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• pp.113-137
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• 2008

Present study investigated the effects of poverty and poverty-co-factors in childhood. The effect of poverty status was measured by needs-income ratio. It compared its effect on children's socio-emotional development with that of poverty proxy variables such as recipient of public assistance, financial stress, subjective perception about social class, residence in public housing. It also examined the effects of poverty-co-factors after poverty status were controlled. Results show that poverty status has a more consistent negative relationship with socio-emotional development than other proxy variables. However, the relationship between them disappeared after poverty-co-factors were controlled. Findings from the present study suggest that targeted efforts for decreasing poverty-co-factor risks should be made along with financial support.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.585-593
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• 2020

This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically exploring the causes of child labor in the Indonesian labor market. Factors identified include rate of poverty, average wages, education participation, and quality of education. This study utilized an aggregate data of 301 districts and cities across 34 provinces sourced from the National Labor Force Survey and the National School/Madrasah Accreditation Board of the Republic of Indonesia. Using a multiple regression analysis, the study found strong evidence of the positive effect of poverty on child labor. Conversely, the study documented the adverse impact of average wages on child labor in Indonesia. Similarly, the participation in the education system also contributed negatively to the child labor. Finally, the quality of education services is found to have a negative effect on child labor in Indonesia. The findings of this study suggest that, in efforts to reduce the involvement of children in the workforce, the poverty eradication program should be enhanced. The wages should be continuously improved, at least, in par with the changes in prices. Finally, the quality of education and its services ought to be further enhanced to attract more child student participation rates across junior high schools nationwide.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.796-804
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• 2009

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of an early nursing intervention program to support mothers of children aged 0-3 yr living in poverty. Methods: In this study, mothers who received financial support from the government were recruited from one city and assigned to an intervention group (24) and comparison group (18). They completed a baseline questionnaire about depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament. Also, Denver II screening of the children was performed by the researcher. Mothers in the intervention group received a home visit intervention every two weeks for three months. At 3-months post-baseline, questionnaire and Denver II screening were reused to compare these two groups. Results: Mother's depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of depression declined only in the intervention group. Mothers in the intervention group showed higher Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores than mothers in the comparison group. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that this nursing intervention is an effective parenting program. The early nursing program for mothers with infant and toddlers in poverty is effective in promoting HOME, the child rearing home environment.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.31-57
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• 2019

This paper investigates the determinants of household splitting and offers the implication on relative poverty. Household splitting is more likely among high-income households, and also ensued by an increase in the number of job holders and household income, which indicate that household splitting has the nature of a normal good. A counter-factual analysis suggests that the relative poverty rate ould have been only one-third to one-eighth of the actual rate among the old households if they had lived together with their children. These results indicate that the social policy toward the old households without due consideration on the children's financial capability is quite likely to bring about the inefficiency of wasting tax money on essentially non-poor households.