• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2008

This survey was conducted to investigate housing types of Korean native cattle and beef cattle farms in Korea. The farm sized over 50 heads of cattle, 7,433 farms were surveyed. Regarding housing types for Korean native cattle and beef cattle, litter barn, freestall, mooring+litter ground and others accounted for 87.1, 9.8, 3.0, and 2.9 %, respectively. Most of Korean native cattle and beef cattle farms (94.7%) used litter floor rather than scraper. As for roof types, slate, panel, iron plate, galvanized plate, colored iron plate and sunlight represented 32.2, 13.7, 12.2, 10.2, 9.7, and 8.9 %, respectively. Open side wall type and winch curtain were 55.6, and 47.6 %, respectively. Bigger farms seemed to used more winch curtain than open style. Utilization period of automatic feeder, waterer, electric facility, and cooling facility was 6.7, 8.0, 8.5, and 6.0 years, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the performance of laying period of two-way crossbred of Korean native chickens. A total of four hundred eighty female 2-crossbred chicks that restored strains and were aboriginal at National Institute of Animal Science. Treatments were four crossbreds (4 replications/crossbred, 30 birds/replication) as A) C strain ${\times}$ S strain, B) C strain ${\times}$ H strain, C) R strain ${\times}$ S strain, and D) L strain ${\times}$ H strain, respectively. There were no significant difference on age, egg weight, and body weight at first egg among crossbreds (P>0.05). Body weight of D crossbred was lower compared to other crossbreds at the age of 24, 32, 40 and 60 week (P<0.05). Feed intake of A crossbred was highest among crossbreds (P<0.05). Weekly egg weight of A crossbred was the highest among crossbreds all laying period except 48~52 and 60~64 weeks. Hen-house egg production of A and B crossbreds was higher than that of C and D crossbreds (P<0.05). Hen-day egg production decreased after at the age of 36 weeks. Weekly egg production of A and B crossbreds was higher compared to C and D crossbreds (P<0.05). These results suggested the basic data on the record of laying period of 2-crossbreed Korean Native Chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.987-997
• /
• 2016

The objective of the study was to compare the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood parameters of slow and fast grown female broiler chickens fed in organic or conventional production system. The two genotypes tested were medium slow-growing chickens (SG, Hubbard Red JA) and commercial fast-growing chickens (FG, Ross 308). Both genotypes (each represented by 400 chickens) were divided into two sub-groups fed either organic (O) or conventional (C) systems. Chickens of each genotype and system were raised in a semi environmentally controlled poultry house until 21 d of age and were assigned to 5 pens of 40 chickens each. Then, O system chickens were transferred into an open-side poultry house with an outdoor run. At 81 d of age, 10 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 40) were randomly chosen to provide material for analysis, and were weighed and brought to the slaughterhouse to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. The blood parameters were determined by using 5 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 20). FG had the higher live weight, along with carcass, breast, and thigh-drumstick weights compared to SG (p<0.05). FG had the higher breast yield, whereas SG had the higher thigh-drumstick yield (p<0.05). The O system resulted in a higher amount of abdominal fat (p<0.05). In addition, the O system values were higher for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in breast meat, and for crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in drumstick meat (p<0.05). In addition, total saturated fatty acids, total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and total omega 3 were significantly higher in the O system than in the C system. Thus, the O system showed a positive advantage compared to the C system regarding female chicken meat quality, primarily within the ash, protein, and total omega 3 fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the main factor affecting the carcass characteristics of female chickens was genotype, whereas the organic system contributed to enhanced meat quality. These findings provide a better understanding of the relative roles of genotype and production systems in female broiler characteristics, and might aid producers in designing their facilities to optimize yield and quality while maintaining acceptable animal welfare standards.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2011

The study was conducted to evaluate the production and the performance test of egg-type commercial Korean Native Chickens. A total of 360 female layers were produced from CY${\times}$C (A), CL${\times}$C (B), CG${\times}$C (C) and CW${\times}$C (D) crossbreds kept at National Institute of Animal Science, Korea, and breed during 20~64 weeks to investigate the productivity and the performance. Layers were divided into 4 crossbreds (6 replications/crossbred, 15 heads/replication). Age and egg weight at first egg was no significantly different among crossbreds. Body weight (BW) at first egg of D crossbred was significantly lower compared to that of other crossbreds (P<0.05). Weekly BW of B crossbred was the highest at 20, 30 and 40 weeks of age, but BW of D crossbred was the lowest among crossbreds. Feed intake (FI) of B crossbred was significantly higher compared to the other crossbreds at 20~24, 32~44 and 52~60 weeks of age. FI of D crossbred was significantly lower compared to other crossbreds after the age of 44 weeks (P<0.05). Average egg weight of B crossbred was significantly higher than the other crossbreds at the age of 24~60 weeks (P<0.05). Egg production ratio (%) of C crossbred was significantly higher compared to the other crossbreds for whole test periods (P<0.05). Hen-housed egg production number at 64 weeks of age for A, B, C and D crossbreds resulted in 241.4, 235.6, 232.3 and 227.0, respectively. Feed conversion ratio of A and C crossbreds was lower compared to the other crossbreds at the age of 20~24 weeks and C crossbred was the lowest among the crossbreds at the age of 60~64 weeks. These results provide the basic data which will be helpful to develope the new strains of commercial Korean Native Chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.1500-1506
• /
• 2017

Objective: High $NH_3$ emissions from poultry houses are reported to have negative impacts on health, welfare and safety of birds and humans, and on the environment. Objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two litter amendments on the $NH_3$ levels in broiler closed houses under hot-humid conditions. Methods: Giving a completely randomize design, nine closed houses, each housed 32,500 birds on paddy husk litter, were randomly allocated into two treatment (Mizuho; a bacterial culture mix and Rydall OE; an enzymatic biocatalyst) and control groups. $NH_3$ levels were determined thrice a day (0600, 1200, and 1800 h), at three heights from the litter surface (30, 90, and 150 cm), at 20 predetermined locations of a house, from day 1 to 41. Results: Rydall significantly reduced the $NH_3$ level compared to control and Mizuho. $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm were significantly higher than that of 90 and 150 cm. The $NH_3$ levels at 30 cm height were higher than 25 ppm level from day 9, 11, and 13 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 41. $NH_3$ levels at 150 cm height were higher than maximum threshold limit of 50 ppm for human exposure from day 12, 14, and 15 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 33. Being significantly different among each other, the $NH_3$ level was highest and lowest at 0600 and 1800 h. Litter amendments had no significant effects on growth performance. Rydall significantly increased the litter N content on day 24. Conclusion: It was concluded that the $NH_3$ levels of closed house broiler production facilities under tropical condition are so high that both birds and workers are exposed to above recommended levels during many days of the growing period. Compared to microbial culture, the enzymatic biocatalyst was found to be more effective in reducing $NH_3$ level.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ventilating system of environmental controlled broiler house on broiler production. Three hundred eighty four broiler chicks (Hubbard, mean live weight of $44.5{\pm}2.0g/bird$) were reared for 2 wk. The results of the present study were summarized as follows : 1. Ammonia gas production was lower in the second and the third floors of cages compared with first floor of cages 13.5 and 13.5 vs 14.6 ppm, respectively). The observations of ammonia production in the morning and afternoon were similar. The production of carbon dioxide was not different between morning and afternoon, but it was tended to decrease in the forth floor of cages due to a fresh air 2. A wind velocity in the enclosed house was similar across lower, middle and upper section (0.57m/sec, 0.22m/sec and 0.04msec, respectively). In order to maintain an optimal air flow velocity in the cages, the duct entrance was punched, and then the air flow was full-round in the overall space in the cage. 3. Daily liveweight gain, feed intakes, and feed efficiency were not significant differences among treatments during whole experimental period (P>0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that temperature, moisture and atmosphere controlling were desirable, and air flew evenly in the cage.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1997

Optimum drying conditions to utilize porcine blood from slaughter house for blood meals, and the effects of blood meals on growth in broiler chicks were investigated. Moisture and protein con-tents of slaughter porcine blood were 79.8 and 16.4%, respectively. The protein contents of the flash dried blood meals at 80˚C were not different from those of the spray dried blood meals at 160 and 190˚C, but higher by 17% relative to those of the spray dried blood meals at 80 and 120˚C. Results from protein analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed that flash dried blood meals at 80˚C and spray dried blood meals at 160˚C were better than spray dried blood meals at 80, 120 and 190˚C in terms of protein quality. In Feeding Trial I with broiler chicks, body weights of chicks fed 2, 4 and 6% flash dried blood meal diets at 80˚C were increased at 35 days by 5.6, 7.9 and 4.0%, respectively, compared to control group(P<0.05). In Feeding Trial II, body weights of chicks fed 4 and 6% flash dried blood meal diets at 80˚C were increased at 42 days by 4.9 and 5.3%, respectively, compared to control group(P<0.05). Feed conversion ratios of chicks fed diets 4 and 6% flash dried blood meal diets at 80˚C were significantly improved at 42 days by 7.0 and 3.7%, respectively, compared to that of control group(P<0.05). The optimum drying condition of slaughter porcine blood seemed to be the flash drying method at 80˚C

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.281-283
• /
• 1990

Ten-week-old layer type pullets were used in this study, housed 10 birds per cage(61$\times$41cm) and were replicated 15 times After raising them on a 19% protein diet up to ten weeks of age they were fed a 12% protein corn-soy control diet or one with half or all of the soybean mea replaced with ground full-fat sunflower seeds. At 19 weeks of age, pulltes were transferred to a layer house and their respective diet was gradually changed to a 13.5% layer diet containing 635% oats. The 19% protein SFS diet in treatment 2 did not show my, adverse effect on body weight or subsequent egg productio. The higher level of SES(38%) appeared to delay sexual maturity somewhat as was indicated by body weight and egg production data. However, the higher replacement of soybean with SFS(38%) in the pullet ration may not be critical for sexual maturity, but beneficial in a full laying cycle. There were no adverse effects on later stages of production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2007

Fowl cholera(FC), which has been classified as reportable animal disease in Korea, occurred in the backyard farm located in Chungju, Chungbuk province. The farm was not ordinary domestic poultry farm but backyard farm with main cultivation of fruits. The farmer reported unusual mortality of chickens which were grazed in his own fruit farm without any poultry house. There was a lots of opportunities to contact with wild animals including wild birds freely. Clinical signs observed in the chickens were torticolis, mucous excretion from mouth and greenish diarrhea. On the necropsy we found multifocal necrosis on the surface of liver, hemorrhages in the epicardium and ovary and mucopurulent exudates in the joint. The causative agents was isolated from the liver of chickens collected from the farms and identified as Pasteurella multocida using biochemical tests of bacteria. Also, the isolated bacteria were inoculated into specific pathogen free chickens to evaluate the pathogenicity. High mortality and similar pathological lesions compared to those of chickens died in the farm were observed. We report the first case of fowl cholera of the chickens in Korea and further studies are needed to evaluate the serotype, genotype and pathogenicity of isolated Pasteurella multocida.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.105-106
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental Lactobacillus with drinking water on growing performance, nutrients digestibility, intestinal microflora, fecal NH3-N and VFA of broiler chicks. Four hundreds and eighty one day broiler chicks were divided into no supplement (none) and three drinking water, 10$^{6}$ (T1), 10$^4$(T2) and 10$^2$ cfu/ml water(T3) with Lactobacillus reuteri for five week. Weight gain of T2 was the highest in all treatments(P＜0.05), and other supplements also tended to increase but there were not significantly difference compared to the none. Feed intake and feed conversion were not statistically different of all treatments. Dry Matter digestibility of Lactobacillus treatments was tended to improve compared to that of none, but was not significantly different. Protein and fat digestibility were also tended to Improve In Lactobacillus treatments relative that of control(P＜0.05), whereas ash digestibility was not consistency. Total Lactobacillus spp. of birds fed Lactobacillus was significantly higher in cecum at five weeks(P＜0.05), but was not different at ileum. E. coli and Salmonella were not difference by treatments. In conclusion, feeding Lactobacillus increase performance and nutrients digestibility of broiler chicks and Improve environments of house.