• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of fermented soymilk extract (FSE) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FSE was prepared via fermentation of soymilk with Bacillus subtilis followed by methanol extraction. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase as well as the alleviation of postprandial glucose level. The non-fermented soymilk extract (SE) was used as control in this experiment. FSE showed higher (p<0.05) inhibitory activities than SE against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of FSE for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.77 ancd 0.94 mg/mL, respectively, which were comparable or even superior to those of acarbose (0.79 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, a further suppression on the postprandial blood glucose levels were observed in the FSE than SE group for both STZ-induced diabetic mice and normal mice. Furthermore, FSE significantly lowered the incremental area under the curve (AUC) in the diabetic mice and the AUC in normal mice corroborated the hypoglycemic effect of FSE (p<0.05). Results from this study suggest that FSE may help decrease the postprandial blood glucose level via inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and the usefulness of FSE was proven to be better than SE.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

Recent trial results suggest that the consumption of a low glycemic index (GI) diet is beneficial in the prevention of high blood glucose levels. Identifying active hypoglycemic substances in ordinary foods could be a significant benefit to the management of blood glucose. It has been hypothesized that noodles with Bombyx mori powder are a low GI food. We evaluated GI and changes in postprandial glucose levels following consumption of those noodles and compared them with those following consumption of plain wheat flour noodles (control) and glucose (reference) in healthy subjects. Thirteen males (age: $34.2{\pm}4.5years$, body mass index: $23.2{\pm}1.1kg/m^2$) consumed 75 g carbohydrate portions of glucose and the 2 kinds of noodle after an overnight fast. Capillary blood was measured at time 0 (fasting), 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min from the start of each food intake. The GI values were calculated by taking the ratio of the incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (IAUC) for the noodles and glucose. There was a significant difference in postprandial glucose concentrations at 30 and 45 min between the control noodles and the noodles with Bombyx mori powder: the IAUC and GI for the noodles with Bombyx mori powder were significantly lower than those for glucose and plain wheat flour noodles. The wheat flour noodles with Bombyx mori powder could help prevent an increase in postprandial glucose response and possibly provide an alternative to other carbohydrate staple foods for glycemic management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.821-824
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate tile effects of the Paecilomyces japonica on blood glucose in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus volunteers. During the 3 months of the experimental period, freeze-dried powder of Paecilomyces japonica (2 g/meal) was given to the subjects right before each meal. Paecilomyces japonica caused a significant decrease of $27.5\%\;and\;35.5\%$ in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, respectively. There were significant reductions of $28.5\%\;and\;33.5\%$ in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of the male subjects, respectively Paecilomyces japonica also significantly decreased in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of $26.1\%\;and\;37.3\%$ in female patients after treatment. This study shows that Paecilomyces japonica supplementation significantly lowered the fasting and postprandial glucose levels in NIDDM patients. These effects presumably contribute to the hypoglycemic activity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Baechu kimchi added Ecklonia cava on the activities of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and its alleviating effect on the postprandial hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Baechu kimchi added Ecklonia cava (BKE, 15%) was fermented at $5^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. Optimum ripened BKE was used in this study as it showedthe strongest inhibitory activities on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylaseby fermentation time among the BKEs in our previous study. The BKE was extracted with 80% methanol and the extract solution was concentrated, and then used in this study. The BKE extract showed higher inhibitory activities than Baechu kimchi extract against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of the BKE extract against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.58 and 0.35 mg/mL, respectively; BKE exhibited a lower ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity but a higher ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity than those of acarbose. The BKE extract alleviated postprandial hyperglycemia caused by starch loading in normal and streptozotocin- induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the BKE extract significantly lowered the incremental area under the curve in both normal and diabetic mice (P<0.05). These results indicated that the BKE extract may delay carbohydrate digestion and thus glucose absorption.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.240-246
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• 2008

Cassia tora L. seeds have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose level in human and animals with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of Cassia tora L. seed butanol fraction (CATO) were studied on postprandial glucose control and insulin secretion from the pancreas of the normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW) into the male Sprague-Dawley rats. The postprandial glucose control was monitored during a 240 min-period using a maltose loading test. In normal rats, rats fed CATO (20 mg/l00 g BW/d) showed lower postprandial glucose levels in all the levels from 30 min up to 180 min than those in the control rats without CATO (p<0.05). In diabetic rats, those levels in the CATO group seemed to be lower during the $30{\sim}180$ min, but only glucose level at 30 min showed significant difference compared to that in the control group. Moreover, CATO delayed the peak time of the glucose rise in both normal and diabetic rats in the glucose curves. On the other hand, when CATO was administered orally to the diabetic rats for 5 days, 12 hr fasting serum glucose level was decreased in the diabetic rats (p<0.05). Degree of a decrease in 12 hr fasting serum insulin levels was significantly less in the diabetic CATO rats as compared to diabetic control rats. On the last day of feeding, P cells of the pancreas were stimulated by 200 mg/dL glucose through a 40 min-pancreas perfusion. Amounts of the insulin secreted from the pancreas during the first phase ($11{\sim}20$ min) and the second phase ($21{\sim}40$ min) in the CATO fed diabetic rats were significantly greater than those in the diabetic control group (p<0.05). These findings indicated that constituents of Cassia tora L. seeds have beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose control which may be partially mediated by stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreas of the diabetic rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2013

The emerging role of endothelial inflammation in diabetes has stimulated research interest in the effects of nutrition on related indices. In the current study we investigated whether the nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in glycemic index (GI) may be predictive of postprandial endothelial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects. A double-blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted in non-diabetic subjects (n = 8/group). Each subject consumed three types of diabetes-specific dietary formulas (high-fiber formula [FF], high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) formula [MF] and control formula [CF]) standardized to 50 g of available carbohydrates with a 1-week interval between each. The mean glycemic index (GI) was calculated and 3-hour postprandial responses of insulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), nitrotyrosine (NT) and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The MF showed the lowest mean GI and significantly low area under the curve (AUC) for insulin (P = 0.038), but significantly high AUCs for sICAM-1 (P<0.001) and FFA (P < 0.001) as compared to the CF and FF. The FF showed intermediate mean GI, but significantly low AUC for NT (P<0.001) as compared to the CF and MF. The mean GI was not positively correlated to any of the inflammatory markers evaluated, and in fact negatively correlated to changes in FFA (r = -0.473, P = 0.006). While the MF with the lowest GI showed the highest values in most of the inflammatory markers measured, the FF with intermediate GI had a modest beneficial effect on endothelial inflammation. These results suggest that nutrient composition of dietary formula as reflected in the GI may differently influence acute postprandial inflammation in non-diabetic subjects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2012

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of the Padina arborescens extract in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Freeze-dried Padina arborescens were extracted with 80% methanol and concentrated for use in this study. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase as well as the alleviation of postprandial blood glucose level. Padina arborescens extracts showed higher inhibitory activities than acarbose, a positive control against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of Padina arborescens extracts against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.26 and 0.23 mg/mL, respectively, which evidenced as more effective than observed with acarbose. The increase of postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly suppressed in the Padina arborescens extract administered group than the control group in the streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) was significantly lowered via Padina arborescens extract administration in diabetic mice (p 0.05). These results indicated that the Padina arborescens extract might be used as an inhibitor of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and delay absorption of dietary carbohydrates.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.128-131
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate inhibitory effect of extracts from Artemisia capillaris Thumb. on maltase, sucrase, ${\alpha}-amylase$, nonspecific ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, and postprandial hyperglycemia. Methanol extract and organic solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous) fractions from the medicinal herb were determined for the inhibitory activities against maltase, sucrase and ${\alpha}-amylase$. The methanol extract from A. capillaris strongly inhibited maltase (57%) and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ (72%) at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Among the four fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous) examined, the butanol fraction from A. capillaris showed potent inhibitory effects on maltase (73%), sucrase (33%), and ${\alpha}-amylase$ (75%) at the concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The butanol fraction from Artemisia capillaris also exhibited significant reductions (20%) of blood glucose elevation in mice loaded with maltose. These results suggest that the extract from Artemisia capillaris can be used as a new nutraceutical for inhibition on postprandial hyperglycemia

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence of postprandial hypotension (PPH) and risk factors for PPH in Korean elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with community dwelling and nursing home residents. The blood pressure of 162 adults aged 65 yr or older was measured before meal as a baseline and then at 15 min intervals from immediately after the meal through 90 min after the meal. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of PPH was 29% and the PPH occurred immediately after the meal continuously through 90 min after the meal. The biggest drop in systolic blood pressure occurred at 45 min after the meal. Risk factors for PPH were age, base line systolic blood pressure, and presence of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: To prevent side effects of PPH such as falls and syncope, nurses should provide careful management of PPH and prohibit activities until at least 90 min after a meal. We also recommend that risk of PPH should be included in fall prevention guidelines for elderly people.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2002

Aim To evaluate blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid level in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 206 obese(76 male, 130 female) and 442 nonobese(208 male, 234 female) type 2 diabetic patients underwent fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$ total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and C-peptide were measured. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association(ADA)criteria. Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI, kilograms per meters squared)${\geq}25$. Results In male, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, microalbuminuria and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients. Fasting blood glucose were significantly lower in obese than nonobese patients. Diastolic blood pressure, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. In female, triglycerides and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients, Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. Conclusion Our present study supports that increased triglycerides play a major role in increasing the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) in obese women type 2 diabetic patients.