• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.97-99
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• 2000

Considerable beneficial effects on osteoporosis from soy intake in postmenopausal women are being reported (Murkies et al.1998, Arjmandi et al. 1996). Isoflavones(IF), one of phytoestrogenic substances in the soybean, have been suggested for the effect. Our preliminary study showed that even the young chicks fed IF-rich diet tended to have higher bone ash content than those fed IF-poor diet. IF have been reported to decrease bone ash content than those fed IF-poor diet, IF have been reported to decrease bone loss by reducing bone resorption. Soybean meal has been one of the most important protein sources in poultry diets. We assume that the IF intake through dietary soybean meal could give meaningful influences on the birds. This study was carried out to determine effects of dietary IF from soybean sources on bone development in young chicks. Soy protein concentrate (SPC, IF-poor)and an IF concentrate(Phyto-Nutramin) were formulated together with purified-type ingredients to provide three different levels(25, 240 and 480 mg/kg) of total IF. Control diet(240 mg/kg) was prepared with isolated soyprotein(ISP, IF-rich). The diets were fed to 96, 3-day old, layer-type, male chicks, divided into 4 treatments with 3 replications for 3 weeks. Chicks fed the ISP diet had better gain/feed ratios than fed the SPC diets. Birds fed the diets with higher levels of IF tended to show higher values in serum total and ionized Ca% and tibial bone density, length % ash, stiffness and strain. This trend however, appeared less significant at the end of third week. No noticeable differences in sizes of comb and testicle and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were observed among the dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary isoflavones from soybean sources could be associated with chemical composition and physical properties of bone in sizes of comb and testicle and serum alkaline phosphatase activities were observed among the dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary isoflavones from soybean sources could be associated with chemical composition and physical properties of bone in young chicks.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.354-362
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• 2006

Dietary flavonoids have attracted a great deal of attention as agents for preventing estrogen-related diseases, such as postmenopausal symptoms, and for reducing the risk of estrogen-dependent cancer. Kaempferol is one of the most commonly found dietary phytoestrogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effect of kaempferol, which can confirm its potency as a preventive agent against estrogen-related diseases. Kaempferol has both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, which are biphasic response on estrogen receptor. The estrogenic activity of kaempferol induced via ER-mediated pathway depending on $E_2$ concentration $(\leq\;10^{-12}M)$. Kaempferol $(10^{-5}\;M)$ also caused antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cell in the presence of $E_2\;(10^{-11}\;M)$ and restored to the addition of excess $E_2\;(10^{-7}\;M)$, which confirms that antiproliferation of kaempferol was induced via ER-dependent pathway. However, at $10^{-4}\;M$, concentration higher than the concentrations at which the estrogenic effects of kaempferol are detected $(10^{-5}\;M)$, kaempferol induced strong antiproliferative effect, but were unaffected by the addition of excess $E_2\;(10^{-7}\;M)$ indicating that kaempferol exerts antiproliferation via ER-independent pathway. In particular, kaempferol blocked the focus formation induced by $E_2$, which confirms that kaempferol might inhibit the malignant transformation caused by estrogens. Therefore, we suggested that kaempferol might regulate a suitable level of estrogenic activity in the body and is expected to have potential beneficial effects in preventing estrogen imbalance diseases (breast cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and etc.).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2007

Vertebral compression fractures can occur due to trauma, a malignancy, or most commonly, osteoporosis. These fractures are frequently seen in elderly women; 30% of postmenopausal women are affected by vertebral compression fractures. These fragile fractures frequently result in both acute and chronic pain, but more importantly, are a source of increased morbidity and possibly, mortality. These injuries can be treated both conservatively and with surgery. The use of percutaneous vertebral augmentation offers a minimally invasive approach for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures. We experienced two cases of compression fractures diagnosed during the treatment of thoracic postherpetic neuralgia. Two patients suffering from postherpetic neuralgia with a sharp and stabbing pain in the thoracic dermatomes that was unresponsive to conservative treatment were transferred to our clinic. During the management of postherpetic neuralgia, we incidentally found thoracic compression fractures after obtaining fluoroscopic guided images. After a balloon kyphoplasty, the preoperative pain related to the postherpetic neuralgia was successfully relieved soon after the procedure, and there were no complications.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

Bone destruction is a pathological symptom of some chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Inflammation-induced bone loss of these diseases results from increased number and activity of osteoclasts. Paeoniae Radix Alba has been used in korean traditional medicine to treat disease including inflammation, gynecopathy and various pain. However, these effects have not been tested on osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells that regulate bone metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects of Paeoniae Radix Alba ethanol extract (PRAE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation and formation. Osteoclast differentiation and formation were measured by tartrate resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining and TRAP solution assay. The treatment of PRAE on bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs), which is known as osteoclast precursor cells, inhibited osteoclast differentiation and formation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes was suppressed by PRAE treatment. This inhibitory effect of PRAE resulted from significant repression of c-Fos expression, and subsequent reduction of NFATc1 expression which was previously reported as a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that PRAE negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation and formation and suggest that PRAE can be used as a potent preventive or therapeutic candidate for various bone diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.512-520
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• 2005

Phytoestrogens, especially Yak-kong or soybean-derived isoflavones have been traditionally used as a supplement of estrogen for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis in oriental folk medicine. In a previous study, we demonstrated that as Yak-kong and soybean increased MG-63 human osteoblastic cell proliferation, the expression of estrogen receptor $\alpha\;and\;beta\;(ER\;\alpha:\;ER\;\beta$) both were increased. However, the increased level of ER $\alpha$ is much higher than that of ER$\beta$. To determine whether the altered level of ER $\alpha$ expression affects Yak-kong or soybean induced MG-63 cell proliferation, we established cell lines stably expressing either ER $\alpha$ or antisense ER $\alpha$ RNAs. Increased expression of ER a in MG- 63 cells (ER $\alpha$-MG63) enhanced Yak-kong or soybean induced proliferation which paralleled with the enhanced expression of IGF-I. Inhibition of ER $\alpha$ expression by antisense $ER\;\alpha\;RNAs\;(As-ER\;\alpha-MG63$) caused these cells to insensitize Yak- kong or soybean induced proliferation and IGF-I expression. Furthermore, the comparable effects between Yak-kong and the combined treatment of genistein and daidzein at $0.5\;{\times}\;10^{-8}M$, which is a concentration of these two isoflavones similar to Yak-kong at 0.001 mg/ml, on cell proliferation and IGF-I expression in $ER\;\alpha-MG63\;or\;As-ER\;\alpha-MG63$ cells demonstrate that ER $\alpha$ plays an important, active role in MG-63 cell proliferation induced by phytoestrogens, especially Yak-kong or soybean derived isoflavones.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• 제33권48호
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• pp.316.1-316.10
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• 2018

Background: Water pressure and muscle contraction may influence bone mineral density (BMD) in a positive way. However, divers experience weightlessness, which has a negative effect on BMD. The present study investigated BMD difference in normal controls and woman free-divers with vertebral fracture and with no fracture. Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2014, traditional woman divers (known as Haenyeo in Korean), and non-diving women were investigated. The study population was divided into osteoporotic vertebral fracture and non-fracture groups. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured. The radiological parameters for global spinal sagittal balance were measured. Results: Thirty free-diving women and thirty-three non-diving women were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the divers was $72.1{\pm}4.7$ years and that of the controls was $72.7{\pm}4.0$ years (P = 0.61). There was no statistical difference in BMD between the divers and controls. In divers, cervical lordosis and pelvic tilt were significantly increased in the fracture subgroup compared to the non-fracture subgroup (P = 0.028 and P = 0.008, respectively). Sagittal vertical axis was statistically significantly correlated with cervical lordosis (Spearman's rho R = 0.41, P = 0.03), and pelvic tilt (Spearman's rho R = 0.46, P = 0.01) in divers. Conclusion: BMD did not differ significantly between divers and controls during their postmenopausal period. When osteoporotic spinal fractures develop, compensation mechanisms, such as increased cervical lordosis and pelvic tilt, was more evident in traditional woman divers. This may be due to the superior back muscle strength and spinal mobility of this group of women.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.192-213
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic study trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on obstetrics and gynecological diseases in Korean literature, through reviewing the clinical and experimental studies. Methods: We searched for clinical and experimental studies using pharmacopuncture therapy on obstetrics and gynecological diseases, published from January 2000 to May 2019, through 5 Korean databases. The study design, target disease, type of pharmacopuncture, method of intervention, and study results were analyzed. Results: 36 experimental studies and 15 clinical studies were finally included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In experimental studies, there were 12 studies about postmenopausal osteoporosis, 9 studies about obesity, 4 studies about endometriosis, 3 studies about hemostatic effects and analgesic anticoagulative effects, 2 studies about ovarian function, and analgesic antiphlogistic anticoagulative effects, and 1 study about menopausal symptoms. In clinical studies, there were 3 studies about obesity, postpartum disorders, dysmenorrhea, and women's urologic disease, and 1 study about menopausal symptoms, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and breast cancer. Various types of pharmacopuncture have been proved to have a therapeutic effect in each of those obstetrics and gynecological diseases. Conclusions: This study indicates that pharmacopuncture therapy could be a good treatment for obstetrics and gynecological diseases. However, more well-designed and high-quality clinical researches are needed in further studies, to prove the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture therapy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.775-788
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Koreans is quite high; however, until recently, Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) had not analyzed the vitamin D intake among Koreans. Additionally, the Korean Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin D was established based on insufficient evidence. Therefore, we investigated vitamin D intake and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults using the combined data from the 2009-2011 KNHANES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in 11,949 healthy adults. Vitamin D intake was assessed using a 24-h recall method, and the BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 64% in men and 77% in women. In women aged ≥ 50 yrs and men aged < 50 yrs, there was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level after sun exposure adjustment. The BMD of postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 yrs with a vitamin D intake of 5 ㎍/day or more was significantly higher than that of women with intake less than 5 ㎍/day. After adjusting for age, energy, and calcium intake, the vitamin D intake of the osteoporotic group was significantly lower than that of the osteopenia group in women. CONCLUSIONS: Since the relationship between vitamin D intake and BMD was observed in women aged ≥ 50 yrs, further research is needed to clarify these findings using cohort or randomized controlled trials.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2013

갱년기 여성에는 여러 폐경 증후들이 나타나는데, 특히 estrogen의 감소로 인하여 급격한 골 소실로 골다공증의 위험성이 높아 이에 대한 예방 및 치료에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 갈조류인 대황 에탄올 추출물을 시료로 하여 in vivo 실험을 통하여 갱년기 장애 시 나타날 수 있는 골 손실 개선효과를 검토하기 위하여 골 형성 지표인 alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 활성, 결합조직 중의 콜라겐 함량 및 pyridinoline 함량을 측정하였다. 폴리페놀 함량이 높은 추출물을 이용하는 것이 estrogen의 활성이 높을 것으로 예상되어, 대황의 열수와 에탄올 두 용매를 이용하여 추출한 결과 총 폴리페놀 함량은 에탄올 추출에서 더 높은 것으로 나타나, 동물 실험의 시료로 사용하였다. ALP는 폐경 시 estrogen의 결핍으로 인하여 골 전환이 증가하므로 골 형성의 지표로써 널리 사용되고 있다. 난소절제 시 estrogen 결핍으로 bone turnover가 증가되어 비 난소절제군에 비해 혈장 중의 ALP 활성이 증가되었으나, 난소 절제 후 대황 추출물을 투여한 군에서는 그 활성이 유의적으로 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 이것은 난소절제 후 estrogen의 분비가 감소되는데 반해 대황 추출물이 estrogen 대체 작용을 함으로써 난소절제로 인한 골 손실 정도를 완화시킨 것으로 추측되어진다. 대황 추출물이 골 손실 회복에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 연골 및 골 조직의 콜라겐 함량 및 콜라겐 성숙가교인 pyridinoline 함량을 측정하였다. 연골 및 골조직의 경우 비 난소절제군인 SHAM군에 비해 난소절제군인 OVX-CON군의 콜라겐 및 pyridinoline 함량이 유의적으로 감소하여, 난소절제로 인한 estrogen 결핍으로 그 생성량이 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 대황 추출물 투여에 의한 영향을 검토한 결과, 연골조직의 콜라겐 함량은 200 mg/kg/day 투여한 OVX-EB200군의 경우 대조군인 OVX-CON군에 비해 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 수준은 아니었다. 반면 골 조직의 콜라겐 함량의 경우, 난소를 절제한 후 대황 추출물을 50 mg/kg/day 투여한 OVX-EB50군에서 대조군에 비해 콜라겐 함량이 증가하는 경향이 나타났으며, 200 mg/kg/day 투여한 OVX-EB200군의 경우 유의적으로 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 콜라겐 성숙가교인 pyridinoline 함량을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, 골 조직의 pyridinoline 함량이 난소절제 후 감소하였으나, 대황 추출물을 투여한 군(OVX-EB50)에서 대조군인 OVX-CON군과 비교하여 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과는 estrogen 부족 시 일어날 수 있는 골 손실에 대한 예방 소재로써 갈조류인 대황의 활용 가능성을 시사하고 있으며, 이를 활용한 기능성 소재 개발도 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.18-44
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• 2017

목 적: 이 연구에서는 한의학에서 다양한 부인과 질환에 사용되어온 전통 복합 처방인 귀비탕과 가미온담탕을 합방, 가감한 가감귀비온담탕 열수 추출물의 갱년기 장애 개선 효과를 심혈관 장애, 비만, 고지혈증, 골다공증, 장기 지방축적 및 신경정신 장애를 포함한 다양한 사람의 갱년기 장애를 나타내는 것으로 알려진 난소적출(Ovariectomized, OVX) 랫트 모델을 이용하여 평가하였다. 방 법: 난소적출수술 28일 후부터 가감귀비온담탕 추출물(수율 : 22.03%)을 각각 100, 50 및 25 mg/ml의 농도로 멸균 증류수에 용해시키고, 체중 kg 당 5 ml의 용량(500, 250 및 125 mg/kg)으로 매일 1회씩 84일(12주 : 3개월)간 경구 투여한 다음, 항비만효과, 항자궁위축효과 및 골다공증 억제 효과의 3가지 생리활성 효과로 구분하여 평가하였다. 항비만 효과 및 항자궁위축효과를 평가하기 위해, 체중 및 증체량, 혈청중 에스트라디올 함량, 복부 축적 지방 및 자궁의 중량의 변화와 복부 축적 지방의 두께 및 평균 지방세포 직경, 자궁 전체, 상피 및 점막의 두께와 점막내 자궁샘이 차지하는 비율의 변화를 각각 평가하였다. 또한 골다공증 개선효과, 즉 골 보호효과를 평가하기 위해, 대퇴골, 경골 및 요추골의 습, 건조 및 탄화 중량, 골밀도, 골강도, 혈중 osteocalcin 및 bone specific alkaline phosphatase(bALP) 함량, 골량 및 구조와 골흡수에 대한 조직병리학적 변화를 각각 측정하였다. 실험군(5개군; 군당 8마리의 랫트 사용) 거짓수술 대조군(거짓수술 후, 증류수 투여 대조군) 난소적출 대조군(난소적출 수술 후, 증류수 투여 대조군) GGOT500(난소적출 수술 후, 가감귀비온담탕 추출물 500 mg/kg 투여 고용량 실험군) GGOT250(난소적출 수술 후, 가감귀비온담탕 추출물 250 mg/kg 투여 중간용량 실험군) GGOT125(난소적출 수술 후, 가감귀비온담탕 추출물 125 mg/kg 투여 저용량 실험군) 결 과: 난소적출 대조군에서는 거짓수술 대조군에 비해 현저한 체중 및 증체량, 사료 및 물 섭취량, 축적 복부 지방 중량, 혈청 중 osteocalcin 함량의 증가가 자궁, 대퇴골, 경골 및 L5 중량과 혈중 bALP 및 에스트라디올 함량의 감소와 함께 인정되었으며, 현저한 복벽 축적 지방 두께의 증가 및 자궁의 위축, 대퇴골, 경골 및 L4의 골량 및 구조의 감소 소견이 골 흡수 지표(Ocn 및 OS/BS)의 현저한 증가와 함께 조직병리학적 및 조직형태계측학적으로 인정되었다. 즉, 전형적인 에스트로겐 결핍성 갱년기 장애가 난소적출에 의해 유발되었다. 한편 이러한 난소적출에 의한 에스트로겐 결핍성 폐경기 관련 갱년기 장애 소견이, 가감귀비온담탕 추출물 500, 250 및 125 mg/kg의 84일에 걸친 연속 경구 투여에 의해 투여 용량 의존적으로 억제되었다. 결 론: 이상의 결과에서, 가감귀비온담탕 500, 250 및 125 mg/kg의 경구투여는 난소적출 랫트에서 에스트로겐 결핍성 폐경기 관련 갱년기 장애 개선 효과를 투여 용량 의존적으로 나타내었다. 따라서 가감귀비온담탕은 효과적인 갱년기 장애 개선제로서 개발 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대되며, 특히 에스트로겐 결핍성 비만 및 골다공증의 개선에 유효할 것으로 판단된다. 한편 가감귀비온담탕은 총 18종의 약제로 구성되어 있고, 각각 수많은 생리활성 물질을 함유하고 있어, 이후 생리활성을 나타내는 화학성분의 검색과 더불어 다양한 방면으로 기전적인 연구가 체계적으로 수행해야 할 것으로 판단된다.