Journal of Korean Medical Science

Korean Acad Medical Sciences (대한의학회)
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Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures in Traditional, Unassisted, Free-Diving Women (Haenyeos)

  • Seo, Jun-Yeong (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ha, Kee-Yong (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Kim, Young-Hoon (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Chan (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yoon, Eun-Ji (Jeju National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Hyung-Youl (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • Received : 2018.07.10
  • Accepted : 2018.10.23
  • Published : 2018.11.29
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Abstract

Background: Water pressure and muscle contraction may influence bone mineral density (BMD) in a positive way. However, divers experience weightlessness, which has a negative effect on BMD. The present study investigated BMD difference in normal controls and woman free-divers with vertebral fracture and with no fracture. Methods: Between January 2010 and December 2014, traditional woman divers (known as Haenyeo in Korean), and non-diving women were investigated. The study population was divided into osteoporotic vertebral fracture and non-fracture groups. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured. The radiological parameters for global spinal sagittal balance were measured. Results: Thirty free-diving women and thirty-three non-diving women were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the divers was $72.1{\pm}4.7$ years and that of the controls was $72.7{\pm}4.0$ years (P = 0.61). There was no statistical difference in BMD between the divers and controls. In divers, cervical lordosis and pelvic tilt were significantly increased in the fracture subgroup compared to the non-fracture subgroup (P = 0.028 and P = 0.008, respectively). Sagittal vertical axis was statistically significantly correlated with cervical lordosis (Spearman's rho R = 0.41, P = 0.03), and pelvic tilt (Spearman's rho R = 0.46, P = 0.01) in divers. Conclusion: BMD did not differ significantly between divers and controls during their postmenopausal period. When osteoporotic spinal fractures develop, compensation mechanisms, such as increased cervical lordosis and pelvic tilt, was more evident in traditional woman divers. This may be due to the superior back muscle strength and spinal mobility of this group of women.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Jeju National University

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