• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.86-97
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess exposure to traumatic events, knowledge and attitudes concerning post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the level of resilience among nurses and paramedics working in emergency departments. Methods: Data were collected from May 22 to June 12, 2022, using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The participants comprised 135 nurses and 80 paramedics working in emergency departments. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, a t-test, and an analysis of variance with Scheffé's test. Results: Compared with emergency room nurses, paramedics were more positive about the government's spending on job opportunities for people with PTSD. There were no significant differences in attitude regarding government strategies and people with PTSD between nurses and paramedics. Paramedics had higher scores on the effective treatment for PTSD, while emergency room nurses showed higher scores on effective psychotherapy. General knowledge of PTSD differed according to sex (t=-2.33, p=.021) and education level (F=3.21, p=.042). Resilience scores differed significantly according to sex (t=2.02, p=.045), education level (F=4.10, p=.018), self-reported economic state (F=10.34, p<.001), and self-reported health (F=11.57, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings support that emergency department nurses and paramedics are in need of self-care programs to support their mental health and indicate that intervention programs should be developed to enhance resilience in emergency department professionals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2014

Abnormal adaptation of the stress-response system following traumatic stress can lead to alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis that may contribute to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study used several behavioral tests to investigate the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant activity of L-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) in an experimental rat model of anxiety and depression induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), an animal model of PTSD. Male rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with vehicle or varied doses of THP 30 min prior to SPS for 8 consecutive days. Daily THP (50 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index, increased the risk assessment, and increased the number of head dips over the borders of the open arms after SPS. THP was also associated with increased time spent at the center of the open field, reduced grooming behaviors in the EPM test, and reduced time spent immobile in the forced swimming test (FST). It also blocked the decrease in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the increase in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in the hypothalamus. This is the first study to determine that THP exerts pronounced anxiolytic-like and antidepressant effects on the development of the behavioral and biochemical symptoms associated with PTSD, indicating its prophylactic potential. Thus, THP reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and is a potential non-invasive therapeutic intervention for PTSD.

• 가정간호학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the influence of post-traumatic stress on professional quality of life as mediated by cognitive emotion regulation among nurses working in small and medium hospitals who have experienced violence and to develop and test a structural equation model of that professional quality of life. Methods: Participants were 215 nurses who had experienced violence working in medium and small hospitals. They were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Results: The final model was shown to have good fit with χ² (2.83), GFI (.90), TLI (.90), and CIF (.90). Therefore, the model was selected as the final model, supporting 7 of the 11 hypotheses. Post-traumatic stress, adaptive emotional regulation, and maladaptive emotional regulation had significant impacts on empathy satisfaction (professional quality of life subscale) and empathy fatigue (subscale of professional life quality) among nurses who had experienced violence, and the explanatory power of these variables was 28.7% and 38.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In the development of nursing intervention programs to improve the professional quality of life of nurses who have experienced violence, factors such as post-traumatic stress and cognitive emotion regulation (adaptive and maladaptive) should be considered as they were identified in this study as influencing the professional quality of life of such nurses in medium and small hospitals.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.4040-4047
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 외상 후 스트레스 장애(Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; PTSD) 발생 가능성이 높은 소방관에게 단기간 음악치료 프로그램을 적용해 외상 후 스트레스(post-traumatic stress; PTS) 수준의 변화와 음악치료 효과의 지속성을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 3개 지역의 소방관 42명을 실험군(21명)과 대조군(21명)으로 임의배정 하고 5일간 1일 2회기(120분)씩 총 10회기의 음악치료를 적용하였다. PTS 수준은 음악치료 종료 직후, 4주 후, 12주 후에 변화를 측정 하였다. 연구결과 음악치료 전 PTS 수준은 $26.52{\pm}2.32$점 이었으나 음악치료 직후 $8.90{\pm}4.55$점으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 사후 PTS 수준은 4주 후 $11.95{\pm}4.57$점, 12주 후 $13.76{\pm}5.62$점으로 4주 및 12주 후까지 효과가 유의하게 지속되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 통해 음악치료는 PTSD 고위험군인 소방관에게 PTS 수준을 낮추는데 효과적인 접근 방법으로 판단된다. 따라서 소방관의 정신건강 관리를 위해 음악치료가 정규적인 프로그램으로 적용된다면 현장 업무능력을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.641-646
• /
• 2015

Breast cancer (BC) is potentially a traumatic stressor which may be associated with negative outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aims to identify the core issues of BC related PTSD, PTG and psychological distress by interrogating the literature in BC survivors. We have also highlighted issues related to the assessment, diagnosis and clinical management of PTSD and PTG. The authors systematically reviewed studies published from 1985 to 2014 pertaining to PTSD, psychological distress and PTG in BC survivors with particular attention paid to incidence rates and causative factors. Multiple studies intimated that women with BC have evidence of PTSD at the initial stages of diagnosis, whereas PTG develops once patients undergo treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of PTSD/PTG is paramount from literature review but the previously mentioned relationship between PTSD and PTG in BC patients could not be verified. It is evident from the literature that a small percentage of BC patients experience PTSD, while the majority experience PTG after BC diagnosis and treatment. Future research should include prospective studies focusing on high-risk patients, causative factors and the development of psychological interventions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권12호
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2011

경찰관을 대상으로 한 연구들에 따르면 최근에 위급상황에 노출되었던 경찰관 중 상당수가 심각한 심리적인 스트레스 상태에 있으며, 사기, 장기 결근, 직업적 건강, 조기 퇴직, 가족 관계에 상당한 영향을 미치는 외상후 스트레스 장애(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder : PTSD) 증후를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 우리나라에서 그 동안 경찰관의 PTSD를 실증적으로 살펴본 연구는 거의 없었다. 이 연구에서는 경찰관의 PTSD 수준을 파악하고 그에 따른 대처방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 경찰관의 PTSD 수준은 연구에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 비교적 높은 수준이고, 소방관과 비교해도 상대적으로 높은 수준이다. 이에 대한 대처방안으로 고위험 경찰관의 발견 및 관리, 위기상황 스트레스 관리 기법의 보급, 직원 지원 프로그램의 도입, 동료 및 가족의 적극적 개입, 스트레스 관리 교육 등을 제시하였다.

• 운동영양학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2011

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder induced by severe external stressors such as assault, disaster or severe accident. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on short-term memory in relation to apoptosis and cell proliferation in the hippocampus following PTSD. Stress to the pregnant rats was induced by exposure of maternal rats to the hunting dog in an enclosed room. Exposure time was 10 min, repeated three times per day, with 1 hour interval. Exposure of maternal rats to the hunting dog was continued 7 days after pregnancy until delivery. The pregnant rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for the same duration of stress exposure. Step-down avoidance task for short-term memory, western blot for Bcl-2, Bax, and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and Ki-67 were conducted. Maternal rats exposed to stress during pregnancy showed short-term memory impairment. Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the hippocampus were increased in the PTSD rats. Cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was decreased in the PTSD rats. Treadmill exercise alleviated short-term memory impairment and suppressed expressions of Bax, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treadmill exercise also increased cell proliferation. The present results indicate that treadmill exercise alleviated PTSD-induced short-term memory impairment by suppressing apoptotic cell death and enhancing cell proliferation in the hippocampus.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.230-238
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 신체적, 성적 학대의 외상경험이 있는 여성알코올중독자들의 외상경험과 외상 후 스트레스 증상에 초점을 맞추어 알코올중독 재발위험성에 영향을 미치는 매개변인을 파악하여 여성알코올중독자들을 재발에 이르게 하는 스트레스대처와 음주기대의 심리적 요인을 이해하고, 알코올중독 사회복지 실천현장의 실천적 방안을 모색하는데 그 목적을 두고자 하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 연구대상자의 신체적, 성적 외상경험관련 특성은 18세 이전 지인에 의한 신체적 성적 학대경험이 18세 이후의 경험보다 많았다. 둘째, 연구모형의 분석에서 총 10개의 직접경로 중 8개의 경로가 통계적으로 유의하였고, 셋째, 매개변수를 통한 간접영향에 대한 검증결과 외상 후 스트레스 증상, 문제 중심 대처, 정서 중심 대처, 음주기대를 매개로 하는 6개의 간접경로 중 4개의 경로가 유의하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 여성 알코올중독자의 재발을 예방하기 위한 구체적인 실천적 방안과 함의를 제시하였다.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2018

Objective : Several earlier studies have reported similar symptoms in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who have been repeatedly exposed to relevant media after disasters and trauma. This study aimed to examine the effects of indirect trauma experience through media rather than direct traumatic events on an individual's social life. Methods : Five hundred and fifty-four individuals participated in our online, self-reported questionnaire survey. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Participants were assessed in regards to their experience of violent media exposure within the past three months. Results : Data from our study indicates that the group exposed to violent media had significantly higher perceived stress, physical symptoms, insomnia, and suicide ideation in comparison to the control group. Among the major symptoms of PTSD, the proportion of intrusion symptoms was relatively high in the media exposed group. Conclusion : This suggests that indirect trauma caused by media exposure could cause post-traumatic stress symptoms. The PTSD caused by indirect trauma may have slight differences from the PTSD caused by direct trauma. Therefore, it is necessary to understand, prevent, and control the adverse effects of media.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.500-513
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Women are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress (PTS) than men, causing several health problems. Nurses should understand and work with women who have experienced trauma and provide interventions to promote their physical, social, and mental health. Methods: This quasi-experimental pilot study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. Data were collected from 14 women recruited between December 2019 and May 2020 from a self-sufficiency support center in South Korea for sexually-exploited women who had experienced trauma. The program consisted of six one-on-one intervention sessions per week for six weeks. Each session averaged 60~120 minutes. Participants were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests. Results: The caring program for health promotion was divided into six sessions: understanding the self, sharing traumatic events and negative emotions, reframing the meaning of traumatic events, identifying thoughts and physical and emotional responses, developing health promotion activities, and maintaining a positive attitude during the process of change. As a result of the caring program, PTS (F = 36.33, p < .001), depression (F = 24.45, p < .001), health-promoting behaviors (F = 7.06, p = .004), and self-esteem (F = 19.74, p < .001) among the participants differed significantly at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides foundational information for the implementation of a theory-driven program by nurses in clinical and community settings to provide comprehensive care for women who have experienced trauma.