Acknowledgement
This research was supported by Daejeon University fund (2021).
References
- National Emergency Medical Center. Emergency medical services [Internet]. Seoul: National Emergency Medical Center; 2022 [cited 2022 December 12]. Available from: https://www.e-gen.or.kr/nemc/emergency_medical_services_system.do
- Baik SY, Cho EH, Kim YA, Choi MN. Emergency department nursing activities: Retrospective study on data from electronic nursing records. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2019;31(5):496-506. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2019.31.5.496
- Park EY, Lee EN. Predictors of violent behavior by patient or caregiver of patient in the emergency department. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing. 2014;26(5):500-511. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2014.26.5.500
- Schuster M, Dwyer PA. Post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2020;29(15-16):2769-2787. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15288
- Han JW, Lee BS. The relationship of post-traumatic stress, job stress and turnover intention in emergency department nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. 2013;19(3):340-350. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.3.340
- Streb M, Haller P, Michael T. PTSD in paramedics: Resilience and sense of coherence. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2014;42(4):452-463. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465813000337
- Ko DR, Kim GB, Lee JH. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency room workers and factors contributing to its occurrence. Quality Improvement in Health Care. 2021;27(1):10-19. https://doi.org/10.14371/QIH.2021.27.1.10
- Kim YL, Seo EJ, Seo YS, Dee V, Hong EH. Effects of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus on post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout among registered nurses in South Korea. International Journal of Healthcare. 2018;4(2):27-33. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v4n2p27
- Kim SY, Eom MR, Oh HY, Ahn HY. Violence episodes and responses of emergency room nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing. 2007;14(4):446-456.
- Oginska-Bulik N, Kobylarczyk M. Relation between resiliency and post-traumatic growth in a group of paramedics: The mediating role of coping strategies. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 2015;28(4):707-719. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00323
- Austin CL, Pathak M, Thompson S. Secondary traumatic stress and resilience among EMS. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2018;10(6):240-247. https://doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2018.10.6.240
- Gunderson J, Grill M, Callahan P, Marks M. Evidence-based program improves & sustains first-responder behavioral health. Journal of Emergency Medical Services. 2014;39(3):57-61.
- Carmassi C, Gesi C, Simoncini M, Favilla L, Massimetti G, Olivieri MC, et al. DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: Correlations with work and social adjustment. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2016;12:375-381. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S97171
- Jeong JH, Song YS. Mediating effect of resilience between post-traumatic stress and emotional exhaustion in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2022;28(2):193-203. https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2022.28.2.193
- Qutishat M, Sharour LA, Al-Dameery K, Al-Harthy I, Al-Sabei S. COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress disorder among Jordanian nurses during the pandemic. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2022;16(6):2552-2559. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2021.199
- Kim ON, Choi SY. Factors affecting post-traumatic stress of nurses in direct care for COVID-19 patients. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research. 2021;27(2):121-129. https://doi.org/10.22650/JKCNR.2021.27.2.121
- Ahmed AS. Post-traumatic stress disorder, resilience and vulnerability. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 2007;13(5):369-375. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.106.003236
- Kim JH. Resilience. Seoul: Wisdomhouse; 2011. p. 1-268.
- Tsai J, Shen J, Southwick SM, Greenberg S, Pluta A, Pietrzak PH. Public attitudes and literacy about posttraumatic stress disorder in U.S. adults. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2018;55:63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.02.002
- Bang KS, Bang HR, Hong SW, Lim JH. Validity and reliability of Korean version of post-traumatic stress disorder scale (K-PTSD) measuring attitudes and knowledge of PTSD. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2020;26(1):47-55. https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.1.47
- Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
- Baek HS, Lee KU, Joo EJ, Lee MY, Choi KS. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Psychiatry Investigation. 2010;7(2):109-115. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2010.7.2.109
- Olaya B, Alonso J, Atwoli L, Kessler RC, Vilagut G, Haro JM. Association between traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder: Results from the ESEMeD-Spain study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2015;24(2):172-183. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796014000092
- Hong SW, Bang KS, Bang HL, Lim JH. Attitude and knowledge on PTSD of nursing and paramedic students in Korea. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2020;26(4):393-401. https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.4.393
- Harik JM, Matteo RA, Hermann BA, Hamblen JL. What people with PTSD symptoms do (and do not) know about PTSD: A national survey. Depression and Anxiety. 2017;34(4):374-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22558
- Alexander R, Feeney J, Hohaus L, Noller P. Attachment style and coping resources as predictors of coping strategies in the transition to parenthood. Personal Relationships. 2001;8(2):137-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00032.x
- Jeong YH. The influence of clinical nurses' resilience and organizational commitment on clinical competency [master's thesis]. Chungju: Korea National University of Transportation; 2017. p. 1-65.
- Kim SN, Yoo MS. Relationships between resilience, job stress, and organizational commitment in ICU nurses. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing. 2014;21(1):36-43.
- Brooks S, Amlot R, Rubin GJ, Greenberg N. Psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth in disaster-exposed organisations: Overview of the literature. BMJ Military Health. 2018;166(1):52-56. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000876