• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2013

It has been known that edges of forest fire areas play significant roles in post-fire change of forest ecosystem and recovery process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between edge formation of burned forests and landscape characteristics with consideration on spatial autocorrelation. Samcheok fire site burned in 2000 was selected as the study area. Seven hundred fifty three of 500 $m^2$ grid cells were generated for measuring landscape characteristics. This study used the topographic variables including slop, elevation, topographic wetness index, solar radiation index and proportions of fuel and land use types. In delineating landscape characteristics correlation analysis with modified t-test were performed for exploring the relationships between edge formation and landscape characteristics. The results indicated that edge formation of burned forests was positively correlated with most variables including TWI, SRI, water, paddy, developed, farm, grass, bare soil, and negatively related with elevation, slope and all fuel types. Especially TWI (r=0.437) showed a strong positive correlation with edge formation. According to the results, edge of burned forests were likely formed when proportions of heterogeneous land use types were high with mild slope and low elevation.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2005

Esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula accounts for 7-11 % of all types of esophageal atresia and is very difficult to treat. In our hospital from 1990 to 2005, we operated upon 40 patients with esophageal atresia, and 6 had pure atresia. The preoperative characteristics, operative findings and post operative course of the six patients with pure atresia were analysed. Immediate gastrostomy was performed in all 6 patients. One patient had simultaneous cervical esophagostomy. Esophageal reconstruction procedures were transhiatal gastric pull up in 3 patients, esophagocologastrostomy utilizing left colon in 1, and transthoracic esophagoseophagostomy with esophageal bougination in 2. Postoperative complications were pneumonia, anastomosis leakage, and gastroesophageal reflux symptom. Conservative management was effective in all patients. A larger series of cases would be required to demonstrate the most effective treatment for this particular anomalous condition.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2014

Although endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, most patients with endobronchial hamartoma have respiratory symptoms such as obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, cough, or dyspnea due to bronchial obstruction. It can cause irreversible post-obstructive pulmonary destruction, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important. Recently, there have been cases of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and electrocautery procedures for bronchoscopic treatment of malignant or benign central airway obstruction with comparable therapeutic efficacy and few complications. Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is a newly developed technique for management of central airway obstruction. Moreover, it provides diagnostic methods with improving diagnostic yield and safety. We report two cases of endobronchial hamartoma, each diagnosed and definitively treated with bronchoscopic techniques. Endobronchial biopsy and removal was successfully performed by cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy without notable complications. Follow-up bronchoscopic examinations excluded residual or recurrent disease.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.145-191
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• 2006

This paper studies implications of financial conglomeration for both financial risk of individual conglomerates and systemic risk potential in post-crisis Korea. Our analyses suggest that we cannot conclude that financial conglomerates are taking on higher risks relative to non-conglomerate independent institutions. We also find that larger financial institutions show a significantly higher profitability and lower variability in profitability operating on a superior efficient frontier. However, it turns out that the consolidation has raised systemic risk potential as direct and indirect interdependencies among large banking institutions have substantially increased. Furthermore, financial conglomerates have become more vulnerable to contagion risks from non-bank sectors and capital markets. In the face of the shifting risk structure, financial supervisory and regulatory systems must be upgraded toward a more risk-based, consolidated supervision. Prompt corrective action provision for financial conglomerates must be based upon fully consolidated group risks, and effective supervisory devices need to be introduced to avoid inadvertent extension of public safety net to cross-sectoral activities of financial conglomerates. It is also critical to strengthen internal control and risk management capacities at financial conglomerates, and to establish strong market discipline by improving information transparency and monitoring incentives in the financial market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.355-362
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• 2016

This study is descriptive research to investigate frequency of performance, self-confidence and performance assessment scores of core nursing skills by 227 nursing students. As the result of this study, they who experienced more than 10times in clinical practice was V/S and they never experienced items such as transfusion, enema and T-tube care. For pre self-confidence, they had the highest V/S and the lowest transfusion. For post self-confidence, they had the lowest IM. As a result of the evaluation, oxygen therapy with nasal cannula was measured highest, and IM was measured lowest. Frequency of performance had positive correlations with self-confidence(r=0.414, p<.001) and performance assessment scores(r=0.322, p=.007). Self-confidence with performance assessment scores had positive correlation(r=0.281, p=.003). Study results suggested that clinical practice is carried out, non-invasive, simple measurements, and they had low self-confidence of the items with low frequency of performance, so convergency training methods to complement this point are needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.441-448
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of mentoring senior core fundamental nursing skills education on clinical competence and critical thinking disposition in nursing students. The research design was a one group pre-posttest design and the participants were 57 nursing students. The contents consisted of 3 core fundamental nursing skills of vital sign, nelaton catheterization and subcutaneous injection and total duration of 6 hours. Mentoring seniors conducted to rapport forming & education and evaluated them after exercise and evaluation under the guidance of professor. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires in pre-test and post-test, the collected data were analyzed using paired t-tests. The result shows the scores of clinical competence and critical thinking disposition were increased significantly after mentoring senior core fundamental nursing skills education in nursing students. The results indicate that this study was effective in improving nursing students clinical competence and critical thinking disposition in core fundamental nursing skills and is expected to be utilized in nusing practice education. Additional studies including those on control groups are recommended to compare difference between the experimental group and control group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PAIR leadership program which can make one's own for solving problems of conflicts through understanding of self and the environmental. For this, the PAIR leadership were administered in 10 sessions for 60 minutes with 16 of the adjustment soldiers and 20 of the maladjustment soldiers of the military alternative social workers. The pre-post on the behavioral change will, interpersonal efficacy and the self-regulation level were assessed. The results were as the PAIR he maladjustment soldiers group reported significantly higher score on level of the behavioral change will, interpersonal efficacy and the self-regulation. Also the adjustment soldiers reported significantly on interpersonal efficacy and the self-regulation. This results suggest that the PAIR readership program can be applied effectively for promotion of the behavioral change will, the self-regulation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.641-649
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to look into development and effects of Mind and Happiness Program for personality cultivation of college students. The program referred to previous studies on personality cultivation, personality cultivation guidelines for college students (Lee Joo Hee, Park Hee Hyun, Park Eun Min, 2010), and 'guidance and reality of personality development' (Kim Yeo Ok, 1999). This program was composed of 13 contents in order to be available in liberal arts selective courses within one semester, each content consisting of 50-minute lecture and 50-minute field activity program. 88 college students at W university in Jeollabukdo was the subjects of experiment group participating in personality cultivation program, which was conducted for 100 minutes once a week over 13 weeks. Degree of participants' satisfaction in the program was measured by the frequency and percentage of surveyed items. Mean difference between pre-test and post-test of participants' self-efficacy and life satisfaction was verified by t-test for comparison and Cohen's d for level of effect, respectively. This survey results in enhancing the self-efficacy and life satisfaction of collegians joined liberal arts selective courses thru personality cultivation program. Furthermore, the subjects after the program intended to recommend this program to other students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.541-550
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training and half bath on blood component, cardiorespiratory function, and vascular compliance of middle-aged obese men. The subjects were 3 groups; aerobic exercise(n=10), half bath(n=10), and controlled group(n=10). They were tested on their blood component, cardiorespiratory function, and vascular compliance at the beginning and at the end of the 12-week study(pre-post test). For data analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated, and repeated measure two-way ANOVA and Scheffe were used. The results of this study are as follows. First, aerobic exercise group was significantly improved on all blood component after the 12-weeks, and showed significant difference among groups. Half bath group was better than control groups on Triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels. Second, aerobic exercise group was significantly improved on maximum oxygen uptake, maximum heart rate, and maximum ventilation after the 12-weeks. Third, in vascular compliance measured in both hands and both feet, the half bath group and aerobic exercise training group were significantly increases the control group. Therefore, these results imply that aerobic exercise and half bath can be helpful for better blood component, cardiorespiratory function, and vascular compliance in middle-aged obese men.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.551-558
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sacrooccipital category II blocking technique may improve abdominal muscle endurance and alleviate shoulder pain caused by pelvic tilting. Methods: A total of 50 subjects diagnosed with category II sacroiliac joint instability and lower back pain were randomly assigned to the control or treatment group. The sacrooccipital technique category II blocking procedure (2-min duration) was performed 3 times a week until the category II indicator of joint instability had subsided. The control subjects were subjected to a sham procedure of equal duration and frequency. We assessed abdominal muscle endurance using the partial curl-up test and shoulder pain using a visual analogue scale, before and immediately after the intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results: On two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures on time factor, significant treatment and interaction effects on muscle endurance were found. A significant interaction effect, but not treatment effect, was found for shoulder pain. Post hoc test showed that the shoulder pain was reduced immediately after intervention (treated group) and 2weeks (control and treated group) after the intervention as compared to before the intervention. Conclusions: This study suggests that sacrooccipital category II blocking can be used to alleviate shoulder pain caused by pelvic instability. The mechanisms behind the long-term benefits may include an increase in abdominal muscle endurance.