• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.119-139
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• 1999

The rapid development and diversification of technology require that firms should adjust and cope with a high degree of uncertainty. An alternative to these strategic responses is the recent increase in the number of R&D or technological collaborations among firms. There have been continuous researches into the causes and effects of these collaborative relationships, but there is a lack of research that examines the risks involved in the process of collaboration. The researches into essential prerequisites for a successful technological collaboration have remained at the superficial level despite the surge in demand of R&D collaboration. Therefore, this study proposes positive & negative factors affecting the R&D collaboration process and selection point. In addition, a further step in analysis is taken by integrating both the positive & negative factors. This study emphasizes the importance of inter-trust in activating the process factors within the success factors and reducing the possibility of risk factors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.81-88
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• 2022

This study is to investigate the perception of domestic appraisers about the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) and related risks from the use of AI in the appraisal industry. We conducted a mobile survey of evaluators from February 10 to 18, 2022. We collected survey data from 193 respondents. Frequency analysis and multiple response analysis were performed for basic analysis. When AI is used in the appraisal industry, factor analysis was used to analyze various types of risks. Although appraisers have a positive perception of AI introduction in the appraisal industry, they considered collateral, consulting, and taxation, mainly in areas where AI is likely to be used and replaced, mainly negative effects related to job losses and job replacement. They were more aware of the alternative risks caused by AI in the field of human labor. I was very aware of responsibilities, privacy and security, and the risk of technical errors. However, fairness, transparency, and reliability risks were generally perceived as low risk issues. Existing studies have mainly studied analysis methods that apply AI to mass evaluation models, but this study focused on the use and risk of AI. Understanding industry experts' perceptions of AI utilization will help minimize potential risks when AI is introduced on a large scale.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2019

The conflict management of forest recreation, especially conflict management between hikers and MTB users, has drawn much attention as one of major issues in forest policy making. The main purpose of this study was to investigate hikers' conflict perception against MTB users and their attitudes toward the necessity of conflict management actions, and to identify factors influencing those attitudes. The research data were collected through online surveys of 644 men and women hikers who are aged 20 or older and not participating in MTB riding. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the levels of goal interference and social value conflicts against MTB users were not so high, but rather, the awareness level of compatibility was much higher than that of conflict, and hikers' awareness level of safety risks posed by MTB users was also considerably high. Second, hikers' attitudes toward the necessity of conflict management actions were generally shown to be considerably positive, but those attitudes toward indirect management actions such as information, education, and compliance with norms of conduct, were significantly positive than those attitudes toward direct management measures such as zoning, enforcement, and regulations. Finally, the results of the multiple regression analysis showed that four factors that most significantly affect hikers' attitudes toward direct or indirect conflict management actions are behavioral norms conflict, safety risk, compatibility and age. Safety risks had most important influence on hikers' attitudes toward the direct management actions, but behavioral norms conflicts had most important influence on indirect management actions.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.37-65
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• 2022

This article analyzes the relationship between the privacy attitudes of MyData users and the four dimensions of privacy cynicism (distrust, uncertainty, powerlessness, and resignation) as to privacy protection intentions through a structural equation model. It was examined that MyData user's internet skills had a statistically significant negative effect on 'resignation' among the privacy cynicism dimensions. Secondly, privacy risks have a positive effect on 'distrust' in MyData operators, 'uncertainty' in privacy control, and 'powerlessness' in terms of privacy cynicism. Thirdly, it was analyzed that privacy concerns have a positive effect on the privacy cynicism dimensions of 'distrust' and 'uncertainty', with 'resignation' showing a negative effect. Fourthly, it was found that only 'resignation' as a dimension of privacy cynicism showed a negative effect on privacy protection intention. Overall, MyData user's internet skills was analyzed as a variable that could alleviate privacy cynicism. Privacy risks are a variable that reinforces privacy cynicism, and privacy concerns reinforce privacy cynicism. In terms of privacy cynicism, 'resignation' offsets privacy concerns and lowers privacy protection intentions.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.191-209
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• 2020

Project logistics is becoming increasingly important in overseas plant projects. Efficient logistics risk management is needed to reduce construction period and reduce costs. However, Korean construction firms bid unconditionally without sufficient experience and analysis on overseas plants contract, companies are gradually losing profitability on projects due to not considering profitability. Despite the significant effects on the profitability of Korean construction companies, and although these companies still continue to bid on overseas plant projects, policies to manage project logistics risks for safe transport and compliance with the contracted building schedule in the long term is still lacking. Hence, this study investigates the risk factors related to project logistics and to analyze the effect of project logistics risk on overseas plant business performance. We conducted a survey of project-related workers. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, among the logistics risk factors, overseas platform business people recognize operational risk and financial risk factors, which have a positive effect directly on overseas plant performance. Second, the ability to manage project logistics risks can have a significant impact on the success or failure of overseas plants. Finally, if logistics risk factors are managed on the basis of the research results confirmed through empirical analysis, it is possible to carry out more efficient and effective management of the project, which implies that this will have a positive effect on overseas plant business performance.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 1999

Hypercholesterolemia is a well known major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, now the leading cause of death in Korea. This study was carried out to examine the relationships of hypercholesterolemia(HC$\geq$240 mg/dL) with obesity, blood pressure and blood glucose level in 649 male subjects aged 20-69 in Kwangju, Korea. The mean plasma total cholesterol level was 212${\pm}$43 mg/dL, and 25.3% of the subjects was diagnosed as HC and 39.3% as nomorcholesterolemia(NC〈200 mg/dL). The prevalence of HC seemed to increase with age. The subjects with HC were highly overweighted and had higher body mass index(BMI) than the NC subjects. The incidence of overweight(25$\leq$BMI〈30) and obesity(BMI$\geq$30) among the HC subjects were 44.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. The HC subjects had higher systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) than the NC subjects. The incidence of borderline hypertension (160/95〉SBP/DBP$\geq$140/90) and hypertension(SBP/DBP$\geq$160/95) among the HC subjects were 18.3%, and 9.1%, respectively. However, there was no difference in blood glucose level between the HC and NC subjects. The plasma total cholesterol level had positive relationships with BMI(P〈0.001), weight(P〈0.001), DBP(P〈0.001), SBP(P〈0.01), and age(P〈0.01), whereas inverse relationships with height/weight ratio(P〈0.001), and height(P〈0.01). The relative risks on HC were 1.99 for obesity, 1.53 for overweight, 1.82 for hypertension, 1.44 for borderline hypertension and 1.08 for hyperglycemia. Attributable risks on HC were 0.25 for obesity, 0.11 for overweight, 0.20 for hypertension, 0.10 for borderline hypertension and 0.02 for hyperglycemia. The results indicate that the level of plasma total cholesterol was closely associated with the incidences of obesity and hypertension. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 80-88, 1999)

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2017

Background: Radiation is used in a variety of areas, but it also poses potential risks. Although radiation is often used with great effectiveness in many applications, people perceive potential risks associated with radiation and feel anxious about the possibility of radiation exposure. Various methods of measuring radiation doses have been developed, but there is no way for the general public to measure their doses with ease. Currently, many people use smartphones, which provide information about the location of an individual phone through network connections. If a smartphone application could be developed for measuring radiation dosage, it would be a very effective way to measure individuals' radiation doses. Thus, we conducted a survey study to assess the social acceptance of such a technology by the general public and their intent to use that technology to measure radiation doses, as well as to investigate whether such an intention is correlated with anxiety and attitudes toward the use of radiation. Materials and Methods: A nationwide online survey was conducted among 355 Koreans who were 20 years old or older. Results and Discussion: Significant differences were found between the genders in attitudes, perceptions of radiation risk, and fears of exposure to radiation. However, a significant difference according to age was observed only in the intent to use a smartphone dose measurement application. Attitudes towards the use of radiation exerted a negative effect on radiation risk perception and exposure anxiety, whereas attitudes towards the use of radiation, risk perception, and anxiety about exposure were found to have a positive impact on the intent to use a smartphone application for dose measurements. Conclusion: A survey-based study was conducted to investigate how the general public perceives radiation and to examine the acceptability of a smartphone application as a personal dose monitoring device. If such an application is developed, it could be used not only to monitor an individual's dose, but also to contribute to radiation safety information infrastructure by mapping radiation in different areas, which could be utilized as a useful basis for radiation research.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 2023

Background: It is acknowledged that legislation acts as a motivator for organizational action on psychosocial risks. Our study aims to provide evidence on the relationship between key occupational safety and health (OSH) policy principles and organizational action on work-related stress, and, in turn, with reported employee job demands and resources and their experience of work-related stress. We focus on Italy where specific legislation and practices on work-related stress were introduced in 2008 which are underpinned by these key OSH policy principles. Methods: Secondary analysis of the Italian samples from the employer ESENER-2 and employee 6th EWCS surveys was conducted, using path analysis in structural equation modeling (SEM) linking the two datasets. Results: We found a strong statistically significant relationship between OSH policy principles and organizational action on work-related stress (C.I. = .62-.78 p < .001). The existence of an organizational action plan on work-related stress was found to be significantly associated with more reported job resources (C.I. = .02-.24, p < .05) but these were not found to be significantly associated with less work-related stress. No significant association was found between having an organizational action plan for work-related stress and reported job demands. However, job demands were significantly related to reported work-related stress (C.I. = .27-.47, p < .001). Conclusions: Findings add support to the call for specific legislation on work-related psychosocial risks and highlight how an organizational OSH culture underpinned by key OSH principles, and awareness/competence development on psychosocial risk management can have a positive effect on organizational action. However, further support needs to be provided to organizations around developing primary prevention interventions at the organizational level with the aim of reducing job demands.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

Consumers' perception of risk plays a major role in how they make online purchase decisions. Since online shopping is perceived to be riskier than in-store shopping, consumers engage in a variety of risk reduction strategies such as searching online for alternative products and alternative e-tailers. This study examines the influence of risk involvement on risk reduction strategies and customer satisfaction. It discusses three aspects of risk reduction strategies: time spent in making a purchasing decision, searching for alternative e-tailers, and searching for alternative products. Data from 294 female shoppers who had experience in purchasing fashion products online was analyzed. This study found that risk involvement had a positive influence on the time spent in making decisions, while the influence of risk involvement on searching for alternative retailers and alternative products was not significant. However, consumer satisfaction was negatively related to search for alternative retailers and positively related to risk involvement. This study provides a better understanding of customers' risk involvement and risk reduction strategies in online shopping. This information would be beneficial for marketers and retailers to reduce customer perception of risks and to promote online sales.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.583-594
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is how personal information protection risks affect the intention to use domestic smart banking services. VAM(Value based Adoption Model) model is validated as a theoretical background, selecting ease of use, usefulness and perceived security as a benefit factor, and considers perceived cost, technical complexity, and risk of personal information leakage as a sacrifice factor. Methods: The method of this study used questionnaire survey to collect 365 data on suer's perception on smart banking services, and also performed a structural equation modeling method using by AMOS 23. Results: The result of this paper shows that all hypothesis are accepted statistically significant except 1 hypothesis. Conclusion: This research is concluded that perceived value is affected on statistically positive impact on ease of use, usefulness and perceived security, and negative impact on perceived cost and risk of personal information violation, not statistically technical complexity.