• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

Skeletal malocclusion is the result of abnormal dimension and alignment of each skeletal component. Understanding on these mechanisms may help to elucidate the etiology of skeletal malocclusion and to establish population-oriented treatment plans. Attempts to subdivide the Angle's classification have been performed for Class III malocclusion, while few studies have been conducted for Class II malocclusion despite recent growing interests in Class II malocclusion. 200 adults (88 male, 112 female) with skeletal Class II malocclusion were collected and subdivided using cluster analysis, using the measurements representing the dimension and the alignment of each facial skeletal component. The properties of each cluster was grouped within the subjects and a comparison between the subjects and the control group (38 male, 35 female) with normal occlusion was performed. Six clusters were finally recognized in each male and female groups. The clusters in both genders were mainly characterized by the cranial base alignment, dimension of the posterior cranial base, dimension of the mandibular ramus and the degree of mandibular rotation. The results implicate that active treatment of mandible rather than the nasomaxillary complex may be primarily considered for the correction of Korean Class II skeletal pattern.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.264-274
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• 2013

The unrestricted population of $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ regulatory T (Treg) cells, which have been known to control the expression of autoimmune diseases and protective immunity to inflammatory reactions, has led to greater appreciation of functional plasticity. Detecting and/or isolating Ag-specific $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Tregs at the single cell level are required to study their function and plasticity. In this study, we established and compared both MHC class II tetramer and intracellular CD154 staining, in order to detect $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Treg specific for foreign Ag in acute and chronic infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Our results revealed that MHC class II tetramer staining showed a lower detection rate of LCMV $GP_{66-77}$-specific $CD4^+$ T cells because most of MHC class II tetramers were unbound and unstable when combined staining was performed with intracellular cytokines. In contrast, intracellular CD154 staining was revealed to be easier and simple for detecting LCMV $GP_{66-77}$-specific $CD4^+$ T cells, compared to MHC class II tetramer staining. Subsequently, we employed intracellular CD154 staining to detect LCMV $GP_{66-77}$-specific $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Tregs using $Foxp3^{GFP}$ knock-in mouse, and found that LCMV $GP_{66-77}$-specific $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Tregs and polyclonal $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Tregs showed differential expansion in mice infected with LCMV Arms or Cl13 at acute (8 and 13 days pi) and chronic phases (35 days pi). Therefore, our results provide insight into the valuable use of intracellular CD154 staining to detect and characterize foreign Ag-specific $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Treg in various models.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2000

This paper addresses the Bayesian hypotheses testing for the comparison of exponential population under type II censoring. In Bayesian testing problem, conventional Bayes factors can not typically accommodate the use of noninformative priors which are improper and are defined only up to arbitrary constants. To overcome such problem, we use the recently proposed hypotheses testing criterion called the intrinsic Bayes factor. We derive the arithmetic, expected and median intrinsic Bayes factors for our problem. The Monte Carlo simulation is used for calculating intrinsic Bayes factors which are compared with P-values of the classical test.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 1993

In the present investigation, some multivariate discriminant analyses were done for each population of the native honeybee workers (Apis cerana), which were selected for 15 different localities in spring and 16 in summer form Korea. when the comparison of both seasons for different populations and regardless of seasons were conducted, all the classification results revealed that the differences were significantly prominent. And the length of fore tibia(FTL) was the best contributed character among the 47 morphometric characters used in the analysis.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 1972

The determination of fungi in various kind of rice-cakes have been carried out in order to information of the toxigenic fungi in Korean rice-cakes. The results as follows: 1. Predominant genera of fungi in most rice-cakes were Pencillium sp.(32.2%) and Aspergillus sp.(30.1%). 2. Of the 63 various rice-cakes, 143 strains of fungi were isolated and 135 strains were possible to identify into 9 genera. 3. Artemisia asiatics and some kind of colouring matters have been an antifungal activity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 1997

In farm management, many factors should be considered to select optimum farm machinery Some factors such as fm size can be quantified, but other factors such as working experience can not be. Futhermore, as several factors are missed and assumptions are made for the selection using conventional computer programs, the result is sometimes questionable. This problem can be solved using artificial intelligent techniques such as expert system. In this study, an expert system was developed to select optimum machinery by considering available working days, machinery to on, farming environments, labor cost, population, etc. It also took into account the characteristics of machinery, turning radius, easiness of operation, subsidy, loan to purchase, asset. farmers age, Rest Metabolic Rate, and working experience, etc. Expertise and experience of human experts were utilized to develop the expert system. The developed expert system was evaluated by the human experts and others, and it was proved to be practically useful fir farmers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.1 s.29
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• pp.67-77
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• 1989

The purposes of the study were to compare the characteristics among five segments of the population (innovative communicators, innovators, opinion leaders, followers, indifferents) which were divided according to their fashion opinion leadersship and innovativeness. Thirty-one variables (thirteen fashion-related variables, five social variables, nine psychological variables, four demographic variables) were included in the analysis (analysis of variance, chi-square test). Data were obtained from 446 women living in Seoul area by self-administered questionnaire. The results of the study were as follows: there were significant differences among groups in most of fashion-related variables (fashion interest and clothing importance, four dimensions of clothing values, marketer-dominated and neutral information sources) and psychological variables (eight self-image variables) and in some of social and demographic variables (social activity, social stratum, education).

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.597-604
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• 1994

Membranes obtained from the normal human RBC population were separated by continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation and the density-fractionated membranes were then examined for changes in molecular markers. This study focuses on changes of (i) the membrane protein profile, (ii) differences in membrane-associsted enzyme activities, and (iii) the amount of autologous IgG bound. The following observations were made: (i) ratios for band 4. la over the sum of bands (4. la + 4.Ib) ranged from 0.58 to 0.79 for membranes of lowest density; (ii) significant changes in bound glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and acetvlcholinesterase activities were found; (iii) the amounts of autolosous IgG's attached to the red blood cells was highest in the membrane fraction of lowest density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.772-784
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• 2012

Marker-assisted gene pyramiding aims to produce individuals with superior economic traits according to the optimal breeding scheme which involves selecting a series of favorite target alleles after cross of base populations and pyramiding them into a single genotype. Inspired by the science of evolutionary computation, we used the metaphor of hill-climbing to model the dynamic behavior of gene pyramiding. In consideration of the traditional cross program of animals along with the features of animal segregating populations, four types of cross programs and two types of selection strategies for gene pyramiding are performed from a practical perspective. Two population cross for pyramiding two genes (denoted II), three population cascading cross for pyramiding three genes(denoted III), four population symmetry (denoted IIII-S) and cascading cross for pyramiding four genes (denoted IIII-C), and various schemes (denoted cross program-A-E) are designed for each cross program given different levels of initial favorite allele frequencies, base population sizes and trait heritabilities. The process of gene pyramiding breeding for various schemes are simulated and compared based on the population hamming distance, average superior genotype frequencies and average phenotypic values. By simulation, the results show that the larger base population size and the higher the initial favorite allele frequency the higher the efficiency of gene pyramiding. Parents cross order is shown to be the most important factor in a cascading cross, but has no significant influence on the symmetric cross. The results also show that genotypic selection strategy is superior to phenotypic selection in accelerating gene pyramiding. Moreover, the method and corresponding software was used to compare different cross schemes and selection strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.225-247
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• 2010

In this paper, we establish a two-competitive-prey and one-predator Holling type II system by introducing a proportional periodic impulsive harvesting for all species and a constant periodic releasing, or immigrating, for the predator at different fixed time. We show the boundedness of the system and find conditions for the local and global stabilities of two-prey-free periodic solutions by using Floquet theory for the impulsive differential equation, small amplitude perturbation skills and comparison techniques. Also, we prove that the system is permanent under some conditions and give sufficient conditions under which one of the two preys is extinct and the remaining two species are permanent. In addition, we take account of the system with seasonality as a periodic forcing term in the intrinsic growth rate of prey population and then find conditions for the stability of the two-prey-free periodic solutions and for the permanence of this system. We discuss the complex dynamical aspects of these systems via bifurcation diagrams.