• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2011

A dominant planktonic bloom-forming species, Mallomonas elongata was isolated from a small shallow eutrophic pond. The growth characteristics of this species on variable silicate concentrations and light intensities were investigated in laboratory unialgal cultures. In culture condition of $15^{\circ}C$, the maximum population growth and the highest growth rate of M. elongata occurred at a light intensity of $80\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and in culture condition of $18^{\circ}C$, it exhibited the maximum population growth and the highest growth rates at a light intensity of $50\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$. Silicate concentration had no effect on the population growth and growth rate of M. elongata.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-84
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• 2004

This thesis attempted to generate ideal tea culture space that connects environment and culture. Therefore, this examines: First, history of tea and the characteristics of tea culture space from Gochosun to modern times was reviewed Second, psychological factors (spirit of tea) of Korea tea culture space were reviewed. Third, the connection between the concept of tea culture space and Human Ecosystem Model by was analyzed. Also, this thesis examined how the culture of ecosystem and why tea culture space is needed. because tea includes varieties of ingredients for protecting environmental pollution. Finally, tea culture spaces were reviewed each region during Chosun dynasty, and tea culture space of recent tea users. In order to study tea culture space, complex residential area and single residential areas were compared. The useful of tea culture space as a ecological space was also examined. To achieve the purpose of this study, related literatures were reviewed, and investigations of museums and a survey on modern living space were also conducted. The results show that the space of our tea culture were affected by nature worshipping of Gochosun, Buddhism of Koryo, and Confusianism of Chosun with 'Pungryu', the idea that enjoys nature, thereby applying environment-friendly ecological beauty to their living space and life. The cultyral space in Korea is composed of natural environment such as mountain, sea, rock, or trees and artificial environment such as pond or pavilion. In the future, oriental culture with metaphysical value will lead the world culture, and especially, tea culture would play an important role regardless of nationality, race, religion, and ideology. Therefore, establishing a tea culture space in a living space would be the fundamental methods that would be able to settle down such tea life into our daily life. Our attempts to create ecological tea culture space as a integrated cultural space of natural, artificial, and human behavioral environment will contribute to enhance our quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.61-68
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• 2006

A park will soon be developed in an area of Gwangjang-dong, Gwangjin-gu. The place has been a patch of green space for years, isolated by driveways and apartment complexes and abandoned. This article describes plans to infuse the abandoned green space with history, ecology, culture, and sports. The facilities that are to be constructed in and around the green space are positioned to take into account the path of the sun and the location of the curvilinear green space axis. The cultural space is planned as a centerpiece of the park, linked with the sports facilities. The overall framework is arranged in harmony with nearby elementary schools, parks, public facilities, athletic facilities, parking lots, and apartment complexes. The themed circulation route was constructed according to the environmental conditions and the spatial plan. In addition, the historical space is planned to work in close conjunction with the cultural space, and the streets and pedestrian pathways have characters of their own. The established contour lines will be carefully preserved, and an ecological pond will. The facilities, such as the outdoor performance stage, the outdoor art gallery, the Monument of Wind represented by a sail, and the pedestrian bridge in memory of Acha-sansung, are positioned for spatial balance and to provide a nexus. The bamboo forest, designed to foster the experience of sound effects, the architectural thematic plants, and the ecological pond are positioned to connect to each other around the greenspace axis. The main facilities are the outdoor theater, the bamboo forest, the Acha-sansung bridge, the Monument of Wind, the ecological pond, the four-season flower garden, parking lots, playgrounds, circulatory athletic pathways, and the tennis court.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1386-1392
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• 2010

A bacterial strain designated GR5$^T$, previously isolated from a freshwater culture pond in Taiwan while screening for bacteria for antimicrobial compounds, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain GR5$^T$ was found to be Gram-negative, aerobic, greenish-yellow colored, rod-shaped, and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred at $10-40^{\circ}C$ (optimum, $35^{\circ}C$), pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 8.0), and with 0-2.0% NaCl (optimum, 0.5-1.0%). The major fatty acids were $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c$(36.3%), $C_{16:0}$(16.6%), $C_{12:0}$ 3-OH (12.5%), and $C_{18:1}{\omega}7c$(9.1%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8, and the DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GR5$^T$ belongs to the genus Rheinheimera, where its most closely related neighbors are Rheinheimera texasensis A62-14B$^T$ and Rheinheimera tangshanensis JA3-B52$^T$ with sequence similarities of 98.1% and 97.5%, respectively, and the sequence similarities to any other recognized species within Gammaproteobacteria are less than 96.5%. The mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GR5$^T$ and R. texasensis A62-14B$^T$, the strain most closely related to the isolate, was $26.5{\pm}7.6%$. Therefore, based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain GR5$^T$ should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Rheinheimera aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GR5$^T$ (=BCRC 80081$^T$=LMG 25379$^T$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.279-294
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• 1986

In order to survey the traditional salt production at the eastern coast, Young-Hae, in Yi-dynasty, data of salt production were collected through interviewing with whom had received the skill from ancestors and analyzed the data. The results obtained were as follows. Salt-producer take the salt water containing much salt and then he transported the salt-water by having water buckets an back in with using the water-toting device (Mul ji ge). Finally he carried out the irrigation (Mul dae gi) to a ditch (Dorang). It is noteworthy that the East-sea salt production method was not selecting a method of salt-pond style with a bank for salt production but using the salt water transportation fashion without a bank for that. Judging from these facts, we could conclude that traditional salt production method was handed down into the Yi-dynasty from ancient times.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.189-199
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• 2020

We aimed to understand various problems identified at waterscape facilities of gardens built at garden shows in Korea. The main purpose of the study is to understand which parts of waterscape facility built in gardens at garden shows are causing problems and whether these problems can be traced back from garden design phase or from local communities in charge of maintenance. Furthermore, we examined if such problems get more aggregated as time passes by and different garden shows have different types of problems. In this study, types of waterscape facilities examined are pond, waterway, wall fountain, water glass, trough, mist, Cascade, fountain, rain garden, waterfall. An analysis of the maintenance status of waterscape facilities introduced in the existing gardens confirmed that problems could arise in two main respects. One is due to poor maintenance by the organizers of the garden show, and the other is due to the poor design of waterscape facilities by the garden designer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2014

The world is in need of sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources such as microalgal biodiesel due to global warming and fossil fuel shortages. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of liquid fertilizer produced from swine manure and agriculture grade solid fertilizers as nutrient sources for microalgal biomass production. Mixed culture (Chlorella spp., Scenedesmus spp., Stigeoclonium spp.; CSS) was cultivated for 28 days in Small Scale Raceway Pond (SSRP) using various nutrient sources (swine manure liquid fertilizer, agricultural solid fertilizer, and mixture of these two fertilizers). Biomass and lipid productivity of fertilizer mixture were the highest at 0.8 g/L and 5.8 mg/L/day, respectively. These results indicate that the fertilizer mixture can provide microalgae necessary nutrient sources for stable biodiesel production and biomass growth. In addition, overall cost of microalgal cultivation and subsequently biodiesel production would be significantly reduced.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.539-544
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• 2013

The effects of culture depth (2-10 cm) and cell density on the growth rate and biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. XQ-200419 were investigated through the use of a self-designed open circular pond photobioreactor-imitation system. With increases in culture depths from 2 to 10 cm, the growth rate decreased significantly from 1.08 /d to 0.39 /d. However, the biomass productivity only increased slightly from 8.41 to 11.22 $g/m^2/d$. The biomass productivity (11.08 $g/m^2/d$) achieved in 4 cm culture with an initial $OD_{540}$ of 0.95 was similar to that achieved in 10 cm culture with an initial $OD_{540}$ of 0.5. In addition, the duration of maximal areal productivity at a 4 cm depth was prolonged from 1 to 4 days, a finding that was also similar to that of the culture at a 10 cm depth. In both cases, the initial areal biomass densities were identical. Based on these results and previous studies, it can be concluded that the influence of culture depth and cell density on areal biomass productivity is actually due to different areal biomass densities. Under suitable conditions, there are a range of optimal biomass densities, and areal biomass productivity reaches its maximum when the biomass density is within these optimal ranges. Otherwise, biomass productivity will decrease. Therefore, a key factor for high biomass productivity is to maintain an optimal biomass density.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.83-97
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• 2010

Seokgasan which is artificial rock mountain had been developed into one of the axes of traditional rock landscape of Goryo period and Joseon period as the central component of Korean traditional landscaping, but the legacy was cut off at the present. In the middle of the Goryo period, the Seokgasan made by piling rocks which were started from replicating miniature landscape has been developed into presenting the symbol and Seokgasan so it faced the new transition period of traditional rock garden culture. Seokgasan so it as small knoll, the Korean traditional Seokgasan was made differently the the surrounding landscape with big Seokgasan in China which overwhelms so it harmonize the surrounding landscape to build Korean style of the Seokgasan. This study is the objective investigation based on the old literature and the field remains, so it aims to so it comprehend the type of Seokgasan and developmental forms. At the result of investigation, 5 types of Seokgasan such as rocks piling on a pond, piling rocks, rocks in a pond, rocks on a ground, rock in a pot etc. has been developing in addition to the rocks which the oddly shaped rock is piled up as the basic framework. Among those, the piling rocks on a pond of Seokgasan which means water flows in Seokgasan is the representative Seokgasan which has been continued since the middle of the Goryo period until the end of the Joseon period. This study is expected to be the foundation which will succeed to legacy of Seokgasan tradition which was cut off and to develop by recovering historical landscaping value and identity of Seokgasan.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2014

Due to the rapid energy consumption and fossil fuel abundance reduction, the world is progressively in need of alternative and renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. Biodiesel from microalgae offers high hopes to the scientific world for its potential as well as its non-competition with arable lands. Taking consideration to reduce the cost of production as well as to attain twin environmental goals of treatment and use of animal waste material the microalgal cultivation using piggery manure has been tested in this study. Unialgal strains such as Chlorella sp. JK2, Scenedesmus sp. JK10, and an indigenous mixed microalgal culture CSS were cultured for 20 days in diluted piggery manure using Small Scale Raceway Pond (SSRP). Biomass production and lipid productivity of CSS were $1.19{\pm}0.09gL^{-1}$, $12.44{\pm}0.38mgL^{-1}day^{-1}$, respectively and almost twice that of unialgal strains. Also, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies of CSS was 93.6% and 98.5% respectively and 30% higher removal efficiency compared to the use of unialgal strains. These results indicate that the piggery manure can provide microalgae necessary nitrogen and phosphorus for growth thereby effectively treating the manure. In addition, overall cost of microalgal cultivation and subsequently biodiesel production would be significantly reduced.