• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.342-346
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• 2004

탱자의 식품학적 가치평가와 활용을 위한 기본 자료를 얻기 위하여, 완숙한 과실을 수확하여 껍질과 육질의 조단백질, 조지방, 회분, 총당, 비타민 C, 유리당, 유기산 및 유리아미노산의 함량을 분석하였다. 탱자의 조단백질 함량은 과피에서 5.15$\%$, 과육에서 3.31$\%$를, 조지방은 과피에서 3.82$\%$,과육에서 6.65$\%$를, 조회분은 과피에서 2.62$\%$, 과육에서 2.09$\%$를 각각 나타내었다 비타민 C 함량은 과피에서 4.70mg$\%$, 과육에서 70.93 mg$\%$를 나타내었다. 유리당은 fructose, glucose 및 sucrose가 확인되었고 각 성분 및 전체 양이 과육보다는 과피에서 약 2배정도 더 많이 함유되어 있었다. 유기산은 citric acid, malic acid 및 oxalic acid가 확인되었으며 총 함량은 과피보다 과육에서 3.5배 정도 높게 나타났다. 유리아미노산으로 과피에서는 aspartic acid, histidine, tyrosine, arginine, valine, lysine, ammonia, cysteine, alanine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine 등이 검출되었고, 과육에서는 Iysine, valine, ammonia, arginine, tyrosine, isoleucine, methionine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine 등이 검출되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1435-1441
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• 2008

본 연구는 MCF-7 유방암 세포에 대한 유자(CJP)와 탱자 (PTP) 과피 추출물의 항암 활성과 환경호르몬에 의해 유도된 암세포의 증식 억제 효과에 대하여 조사하였다. CJP와 PTP를 300 mg/ml 농도에서 72시간 처리하였을 경우, 암세포의 성장을 저해하였고 세포사멸을 유도하였다. MCF-7 유방암 세포의 형태학적 변화는 CJP와 PTP를 500 mg/ml 농도에서 7시간 처리하였을 경우 관측되었고 세포사멸은 capase-3의 활성화에 의하여 유도되었다. 환경호르몬에 의해 유도된 MCF-7 유방암 세포의 증식은 CJP와 PTP의 처리로 인하여 농도 의존적으로 감소하였으며, 300 mg/ml 농도에서는 대조군과 비교하였을 때 각각 70%와 80% 이상 감소하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2000

공생균근은 인산을 비롯한 무기영양소의 흡수 촉진을 통하여 작물의 생육을 증대시킬 수 있으며, 토양 중의 유효 인산함량은 이러한 공생균근의 형성에 크게 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 유효인산 함량이 증가할수록 공생균근 형성율은 낮아 지는데, 제주도 화산회 토양에서 인산 시용 수준을 달리하여 탱자 유묘의 공생균근 형성율과 인산 등 무기영양소의 흡수관계를 조사하였다. 비경작지 화산회 토양에 중과석과 복합비료로 40,573, 1,106, 1,373, $1,640mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ 수준으로 인산을 처리하였으며 탱자 유묘를 5개월 동안 온실에서 재배하였다. 공생균근 형성율은 인산 시용 수준이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 토양 유효 인산 함량이 $100mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ 이상인 조건에서는 공생균근의 형성은 크게 저해되었다. 탱자 유묘의 인산 흡수와 공생균근 형성을 사이에는 토양 중의 유효 인산 함량이 낮을수록 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 공생균근에 의한 인산 흡수 촉진 효과 또한 유효 인산 함량이 낮을수록 증가하였다. 인산 외 질소, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 아연 등의 무기영양소 흡수 또한 공생균근에 의해 촉진되는 것으로 나타났으며, 구리에 대한 흡수 촉진 효과는 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2005년도 International Symposium & conference of the Plant Resources Society of Korea
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• pp.168-168
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1677-1684
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• 2018

Objective: To find biological functions such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities in several tropical plants and to investigate the possibility of antibiotic substitute agents to prevent and treat diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Plants such as Poncirus trifoliata fruit (Makrut), Zingiber officinale Rosc (Khing), Areca catechu L. (Mak), Solanum melongena L. I (Makkhuayao), and Solanum melongena L. II (Makhurapro) were extracted by methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The free radical scavenging activities were measured using 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl photometric assay. Antibacterial activities with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were observed by agar diffusion assay against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, Haemopilus parasuis, Clostridium perfringens, and Pantoea agglomerans. Results: Poncirus trifoliata fruit methanol extract showed antibacterial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. Additionally, this showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Burkholderia sp. and Haemopilus somnus with MIC $131{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Areca catechu L. water extract showed antibacterial activities against Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, and Haemopilus parasuis. The MIC value for Haemopilus parasuis was $105{\mu}g/mL$ in this. Antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc n-hexane extract showed 2.23 mg/mL effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}$) value was the highest activity among tropical plants extracts. Total polyphenol content in Zingiber officinale Rosc methanol extract was $48.4{\mu}g/mL$ and flavonoid content was $22.1{\mu}g/mL$ showed the highest values among tested plants extracts. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that tropical plants used in this study may have a potential benefit as an alternative antibiotics agent through their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the effect between Fructus Immaturus Ponciri (FIP, the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata) and Fructus Ponciri (FP, the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. Methods : We performed anaphylactic reaction, histamine release, cAMP, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgE. Results : The aqueous extract of FIP dose-dependently inhibited systemic and local allergic reaction was induced by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE in a murine model. FIP also significantly inhibited mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by topical application of compound 48/80. When mice were orally pretreated with FIP, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. FIP dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) was activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cAMP in RPMCs, when FIP was added, increased compared with that of a normal or control. In addition, FIP had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-a ($TNF-{\alpha}$) production from the RPMCs and IgE produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells or U266B1 as human IgE-bearing B cells. However, FP showed the lower inhibition rate than those of FIP in above all allergic reactions. Conclusion : These data have important implications for our understanding of the clinical effects of FIP and FP on allergic diseases, and FIP is more effective than FP on the allergic reaction.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2014

The Ponciri fructus immaturus (Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque) has been used in oriental medicine for uterine contraction, stomachache, abdominal distension and cardiovascular diseases. Two main compounds, poncirin and naringin were successfully analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and carried out method validation according to ICH guideline. A successful resolution and retention times were obtained with a $C_{18}$ reversed phase column, at an $1m{\ell}min^{-1}$ flow rate, with a gradient elution of a mixture of methanol, water and acetonitrile. Poncirin and naringin showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.999) in relatively wide concentration ranged. The recovery of each compound was 95.81 ~ 101.48% with R.S.D. values less than 1.0%. The application of ultrasound-assisted extraction was shown to be more efficient in extracting poncirin and naringin from Ponciri fructus immaturus. The predicted optimal poncirin and naringin yield were poncirin 2.15%, naringin 1.65% under an extraction temperature of $40^{\circ}C$, an extraction time of 10 min in a solvent of 70% methanol.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.284-305
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• 1997

A Literatural study on the etiological factors, classification, prescription of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids complicated by anal fistula following results were obtained. 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are long time sit, long time gate, overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool( constipation or diarrhea), pregnant fertility(overfatigue after childbirth, insufficiency of middle warmer energy), uncontrol sexual excess, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, genetic cause, excess of anxiety, pile up of heat poison, weakness of entrails and viscera. The cause of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are attack of external wind, heatness, dry, fire, wetness(pathgenic factors), inapporiate treatment and chronic disease, greasy diet, excess of anxiety, constipation, uncontrol sexual excess, obstacle of circulation of vital energy and blood on anal site. 2. Classification of hemorrhoids are female hemorrhoids, male hemorrhoids, pulse hemorrhoids, intestines hemorrhoids, vital energy hemorrhoids, wine hemorrhoids, blood hemonhoids, flowing hemorrhoids. Classification with other method are external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, excrescence hemorrhoids, nipple homorrhoids. External hemorrhoids is classified of varicosis of hemorrhoidal vein, connective tissue form, thrombus form. Classification of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are simple lower hemorrhoid, lower mixed hemorrhoid, deep hemorrhoid, outer of one hole hemorrhoid, a horseshoe hemorrhoids. Once more classificated of four are space of sphincter muscle form, penetration sphincter muscle form, upper of sphincter muscle form, outer of sphincter muscle form. 3. Therapy method of hermorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are internal method, fumigation method method, ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method, hot medicated compress( gxternal method), injection, insertion, bind, (operation) and acupuncture therapy (the others method) 4. Herb medicine for many used of internal method are Scutellaria baikalensis George(黃芩), Coptis japonia Makino(黃連), Rehmania giutinosa Liboschitz ex Fischer & Meyer(生地黃), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque(枳殼), Sanguisorba officinalis Linne(地楡), Sophora japonica L.(槐花), Cnidium officinale Makino (川芎), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(황기), Angelica gigas Nakai (當歸). 5. Herb medicine for many used of fumigation are Schlechtendalia Chinesis J. Bell (五倍子), Artemisia Vulgaris L. var indica Maxim(艾葉), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque (枳殼), Nepeta japonica Maximowicy(荊芥), And herb medicine for many used of ointment are Calomelas(輕粉), Alum(白礬), Boswellia carterii Birdwood(乳香), Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨).

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The identification of compounds with anti-senescence activity in cell culture system is a first step in aging research. Given that pyruvate can be used energy source by conversion to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria, and protects cultured cell from various stress-induced cell damage and cell death, synthetic media (e.g., DMEM) often includes 1 mM pyruvate, which is very higher than the pyruvate concentration in human blood (approximately 30 ��M). However, the use of medium containing high concentration of pyruvate is not suitable for screening anti-senescence compounds, because pyruvate also protects against the cellular senescence of primary human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) through NAD+ generated during conversion to lactate. In this study, four extracts, i.e., Sprouted seed and fruit complex, Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract, Jaum balancing complex, and Prunus mume extract were used for evaluation of different anti-senescence effect in the absence or presence of 0.1 mM pyruvate, similar to the physiological pyruvate concentration. The senescence in NHDFs cultured with DMEM in the presence of 0.1 mM pyruvate (approximately the physiological concentration in human blood) is accelerated, as observed in pyruvate deprivation conditions. The cytotoxicity of the Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was protected by pyruvate, and Jaum balancing complex and Prunus mume extract had anti-senescence activity in the presence of 0.1 mM pyruvate, but not in the absence of pyruvate. Given that pyruvate is a powerful protector against both cytotoxicity and cellular senescence, the screening of candidate agents for anti-senescence in high pyruvate conditions using an in vitro cell culture system is not valid. Therefore, we recommend the use of a low concentration of pyruvate to evaluate the anti-senescence effects of candidates, which is more similar to in vivo aging conditions than excessive stress-induced senescence models, to exclude the effect of excessive pyruvate in vitro.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.233-236
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• 2019

2017년, 감귤류에 Citrus vein enation virus (CVEV)의 발생보고가 있었다. 식물방역법상 관리급 병원체인 CVEV에 대한 검역조치를 위해 감귤의 주요 재배지인 제주도를 포함한 4개도 29개 시군에서 온주밀감, 유자, 만숙성 감귤류(한라봉, 천혜향, 레드향, 황금향) 재배과원 등 203개소에서 시료를 수집하고 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 방법과 시퀀싱을 통해 진단하였다. 진단결과, 양성반응을 보인 시료를 대상으로 외피단백질 유전자 부위를 분석하기 위해 GenBank에 등록된 분리주들과의 염기서열과 아미노산 서열을 비교한 결과, 98% 이상의 매우 높은 상동성을 확인하였다. 전체 시료에 대하여 RT-PCR 진단 결과, 136개 과원(67%)에서 CVEV가 검출되었으며, 유자 과원의 85.4%, 온주밀감 과원의 77.8%가 CVEV에 감염된 것으로 파악됐다. 또한, 감귤의 주요 재배지인 제주도에서 90.6%의 과원이 CVEV에 감염된 것으로 확인하였다. 기주별·지역별 발생실태 조사를 토대로 국내 감귤류에 CVEV가 만연되어 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로, CVEV의 발생실태 조사와 검역병원체 여부를 검토하여 2018년 5월 CVEV를 비검역 병원체로 변경하였다.