• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2011

A simultaneous detection and quantification method for determining the Phenylalkylamine derivatives, such as methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AM), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), ketamine (KT), norketamine (NKT), phentermine (PT), fenfluramine (FFA) and phenmetrazine (PM), in oral fluid was developed and validated according to international guidelines. The validated method was applied to actual oral fluid samples collected from drug abuse suspects. The recovery of phenylalkylamines from oral fluid collection devices was also assessed. Oral fluid specimens from 20 drug abuse suspects submitted by the police were collected using Salivette$^{TM}$, Quantisal$^{TM}$ or direct expectoration. The samples were screened using a biochip array analyzer. For confirmation, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode after extraction using automated SPE with a mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge and derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The results from the immunoassay were consistent with those from GC-MS. All the oral fluid samples gave positive results for MA, AM, PT and/or PM. The detection of phenylalkylamines in oral fluid can provide a better indication of recent use than urine or hair. Therefore, the oral fluid specimen was useful for demonstrating phenylalkylamines abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as an alternative specimen for urine.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

Finding the blood left at a crime scene is very important to reconstruct or solve a criminal case. Although numerous reagents have been developed for use at crime scenes, luminol is the most representative. Bluestar Forensic has been used in recent years, but is expensive and cannot be stored after preparation. This study aims to develop a new luminol reagent that can be stored for a long period of time while maintaining the chemiluminescence intensity at the level of Bluestar Forensic. Because luminol dissolves well in aqueous alkaline solutions, the use of sodium hydroxide in the preparation of luminol reagents can promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Magnesium sulfate, sodium silicate, and potassium triphosphate have been used as hydrogen peroxide stabilizers. The effects of the addition of these substances on the chemiluminescence emission intensity and the storage period of the luminol reagents were confirmed. The addition of a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer was shown to have no significant affect on the chemiluminescence emissions intensity or stabilized pH of the luminol reagent during storage. It also greatly increases the shelf life of the reagents. The use of magnesium sulfate as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer is the most appropriate. When sodium perborate is used instead of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, there is no significant change in the sensitivity and chemiluminescence emissions intensity, but the storage period is shortened. However, after the reaction with blood, the pH of the mixed solution does not increase significantly, and is judged to be more suitable than a reagent made of hydrogen peroxide.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2023

Since there are no related laws and regulations in the Korean private investigation industry, anyone can freely operate it if they report the business to the tax office. The reality is that companies hire PI to investigate rival companies and employees for specific reasons, as they generally rely on individual requests. The Korean PI industry is divided into two parts. The first are retired police officers and investigators who have experience in criminal investigation. The second are private citizen who can conduct investigation service activities runs a PI agency after everyone has registered with the tax office. It is no exaggeration to say that the current legal conflicts and legal problems that arise in the PI service cannot be ruled out because civilians are relatively less knowledgeable than PIs and legal experts. Therefore, in order for PI industry to operate stably in Korea, we will first study the concept and type of PI industry, comparative analysis of past PI laws, current status and reality of PI industry, and study the current status and references.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2017

In order to reduce the damage of life and property caused by an automobile accident, we should design new car models and safety standard with reference to the data analysis and in-depth investigation of the accident. In-depth research and analysis of the current world other than the police investigation team (GIDAS, iGLAD, NHTSA, etc.) and collect in-depth data. Going to develop a safety policy to make it much safer cars based on this data. However, the country still does not have the advantage of KIDAS data Safety Policy Direction. In KNCAP tests, there is nothing in order to protect far side passengers even if far side impact causes approximately 50% injured people. Based on DBs like KIDAS (Korean In-Depth Accident Study) and GIDAS, far side passengers got injured as much as near side passengers did. So as to protect far side passengers, KNCAP has to change the test method of side crashes. In this study, injury severities to compare with ES-2, World SID and Thor dummies and the movements of far and near side passengers, SLED TEST was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 1991

A diagram has been annexed to the spot inspection record of the traffic accident were drawn up with measuring-tape heretofor. However, conventional reduction method have been usually contained the various problems according to the social development. To solve these problems, it was performed that photogrammetric method are measured 3-D coordinate of needed points and precised plotting of traffic accident spot investigation. Also, they have produced some good effects on speedy spot investigation and settlement of traffic stagnation. Because semi-metric camera and MR2 system are utilize for low cost, simple operation and almost unnecessary for control point surveying, these fittings being at the close-range photogrammetry will be extremely powerful over versatile fields like traffic accident in police.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.465-484
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• 2007

Our society's modernization created many opportunities for us to need a private investigation service system. Variation of international environment due to joining in the OECD, opportunity of individual legal, collect evidence during judgement, prevention of damage criminal, security of business in company, free trade economy's system etc and don't need to enumerate how important of introduction of private investigation service system. In addition to there are lots of objection opinions, such as possibility of person's private life, invade of lawyer's area, confliction with investigation team, gap of wealth and poverty that make preponderance of information. So this research can be considerate from objective opinion, and can obtain conclusion just like below. First, private detective agencies that encroach on the individual rights will naturally deteriorate after the implementation of private investigation service system. Through this, the probability of civil rights encroachment will be lower, and for this to happen there needs to be a thorough maintenance of the system. Secondly, mutually beneficial solution should be found not by a conflict between two sides. Detective business sector should not cause social confusion from conflicts with other investigation organization such as police, or investigators, rather, it must get on the demand of the diversified citizen and maintain the diverse sector inter-cooperate right, and to do that law and institution must be made for the base. Thirdly, investigation used depending on the gap between wealth and poverty does not mean the actualization of the rights and interests of the citizen. If the duty of investigation sector is to find the evidence and collect or manufacture of the evidence, then the problems which the nation can't handle will be more enlarged and then finally end up with strengthening the capability of national public security demand.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.259-285
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• 2016

As the need for anti-terrorism legislation has been continuously argued, Anti-terrorism act has been enacted and enforced. On the other hand, there still remain a lot of points to be discussed regarding the definition of the concept of terrorism, matters of human rights violations, strengthening authority of the investigation and intelligence agencies, and mobilization military forces for the suppression of terrorism. Also, reviewing Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft, this legislation seems to regulate terrorist groups like IS. If so, in the case of terrorism of North Korea or domestic anti-government organizations, whether this law would be applied could become an issue. In the case of terrorism of North Korea, Ministry of National Defense has a right of commandership in the military operations, however, it is also possible to apply the article 4 of Natural Security Act a crime of performing objective-or a crime of foreign exchange on Criminal law as legal grounds for not military terrorisms but general investigations. Therefore, it is necessary to involve consideration about this matter. Furthermore, in the view of investigation, Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft do not mention Supreme Prosecutors Office and Ministry of Justice that conduct investigations. In the case of terrorism, the police and prosecution should conduct to arrest criminals and determine crimes at the investigation stage, however, any explicit article related to this content in Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft was unable to be found. Although Anti-terrorism act is certainly toward preventive aspects, considering some matters such as prevention, actions on the scene, maneuver after terrorism, arresting terrorists, investigation direction, cooperation, and mutual assistance, it is necessary to reflect these contents in Anti-terrorism act. In other words, immediately after terrorists attacks, it is possible to mobilize the military operations by Integrated Defense act in order to arrest them in the case of military terrorism. Nevertheless, because both military terrorism and general one are included in the investigation stage, it needs to begin an investigation under the direction of the prosecution. Therefore, above all, a device for finding out the truth behind the case at the investigation stage is not reflected in the current Anti-terrorism act and its enforcement ordinance draft. Accordingly, if National Intelligence Service approaches information at the prevention level in this situation, it may be necessary to come up with follow-up measures of the police, the prosecution, and military units.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2007

Purpose : Child sexual abuse is a significant and serious problem that affects public health and society. Pediatricians are responsible for preventing and detecting sexual abuse of children. The aim of this study was to examine clinical findings of child sexual abuse. Methods : The authors retrospectively studied 292 patients between the ages of 0 and 18 who were referred for evaluation of sexual abuse to the Emergency Department of the National Police Hospital from Oct 1, 2001 to May 5, 2005. Results : Sixty three (21.6 percent) of sexual abuse victims were younger than 6 years of age; 89 (30.5 percent) were 6-12 years of age; and 104 (47.9 percent) were 12-18 years of age. Attack time was the most common between noon and 6 pm. Victims were attacked in their home or nearby (51.4 percent). One hundred fifty six (53.6 percent) offenders were accquaitances, thirty nine (13.4 percent) of whom were family members. The disclosure of attack by parents with abnormal physical symptoms was more common in younger children than in adolescence. Eighty nine (30.5 percent) victims had no specific physical findings, 51 percent had injury to the hymen, 37.3% had injury to external genitalia, and 4 percent had anal injury. One case of gonorrhea and thirteen cases of chlamydia were found. Sperm was found in 19 cases and acid phosphatase was positive in 28 cases. The absence of physical findings and laboratory findings was more common in younger children than in those in adolescence. The time interval from attacks to hospital visits had a significant negative correlation with age. Conclusion : For younger victims, the time interval from attack to hospital visitis was more prolonged. Victims may have no physical evidence of sexual abuse. Therefore, a careful history should be obtained and a through physical examination should be performed. Pediatricians must play a leading role in evaluation and treatment of sexually abused children, considering children,s growth and development. Coordination with other professionals is necessary to provide consultation, medical treatment, and legal assistance for the sexually abused children and families.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.361-391
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• 2015

Regarding the [Government Organization Act; which is legislated on 19th November, 2014] Korea Coast Guard(KCG) has been re-organized and belong from Korea Coast Guard shall be established under the Minister of Oceans and Fisheries to Ministry of Public Safety and Security. Furthermore, National Police Agency(NPA) Commissioner has the right for administer duties concerning investigation and information by succession from Korea Coast Guard Commissioner. That means that main rule has been moved from prior KCG to Ministry of Public Safety and Security(MPSS) and NPA currently which is dual structure. Meanwhile, This kind of organization change has been effective to investigative agency which exert KCG's call of duty and causes needs of variety problems. In other words, There are quite huge changes such as KCG's reduction of their work, call of duty and re-organization regarding revised government organization act. However this change - including re-organization by government, was not able to take current MPSS's special features such as organization specialty and legal rights. It means, the current change has not been taken present law system CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW and there was no preparation to stable maritime police authority action as well. To sum up, this revised GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION ACT is supposed to provide total, quick security service by establishing strong disasters and safety control tower. However they only contains few area such as organization revision regarding 'Sewol Ferry Disaster', they was not able to contain the other parts of Society. Therefore, in this article I would like to check the part of re-evaluation of current change made by KCC's organization revision. It is supposed to provide better legal stability by making clear of work area by government agencies who acts maritime police authority.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

Mixed gas cylinder(80% Ar, 20% $O_2$) exploded three years ago. But the cause of cylinder rupture was not identified and the case was finished. This paper is the discussions on the cause of cylinder explosion with the investigation report by the police and the similar accident cases. The cause of explosion is the chemical reaction in the cylinder. This accident is similar with the explosion of pressurized oxygen cylinder.