• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1982

Cyanide poisoning is expected to be antagonized by the administration of oxygen, when it is administered in combination with the conventional cyanide antidote, sodium thiosulfate. However, the antidotal efficacy and its exact mechanism of oxygen in cyanide poisoning is still a controversial one. To test the effect of oxygen on the antidotal action of thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning, author designed this study on the dose-mortality patterns for potassium cyanide in mice. Potency ratios derived from $LD_{50}$ values were compared in groups of mice treated with sodium thiosulfate alone and sodium thiosulfate with oxygen. These results indicated that oxygen enhances the antidotal effect of sodium thiosulfate, effectively. This fact demonstrates that oxygen is of importance in the treatment of cyanide poisoning.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2868-2873
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• 2008

Carbon Monoxide(CO) poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. In the last five years, 36 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of incomplete combustion gas(CO) released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of carbon monoxide alarm was made certain and suggested.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: We retrospectively surveyed data from the Emergency Department based Injury In-depth Surveillance of 20 hospitals (2011-2014). We included patients whose mechanism of injury was acute CO poisoning caused by inhalation of gases from charcoal or briquettes. We surveyed the annual frequency, gender, age, result of emergency treatment, rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, result of admission, association with alcohol, and place of accident. We also surveyed the cause and experience of past suicide attempts by intentional poisoning. Results: A total of 3,405 patients were included (2,015 (59.2%) and 1,390 (40.8%) males and females, respectively) with a mean age of $39.83{\pm}18.51$ year old. The results revealed that the annual frequency of CO poisoning had increased and the frequency of unintentional CO poisoning was higher than that of intentional CO poisoning in January, February and December. The mean age of intentional CO poisoning was younger than that of unintentional CO poisoning ($38.41{\pm}13.03$ vs $40.95{\pm}21.83$) (p<0.001). The rates of discharge against medical advice (DAMA), ICU care and alcohol association for intentional CO poisoning were higher than for unintentional CO poisoning (36.4% vs 14.0%, 17.8% vs 4.7%, 45.2% vs 5.6%) (p<0.001). The most common place of CO poisoning was in one's residence. Conclusion: The annual frequency of total CO poisoning has increased, and unintentional CO poisoning showed seasonal variation. DAMA, ICU care, and alcohol association of intentional CO poisoning were higher than those of unintentional CO poisoning.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2020

나노입자는 많은 화학합성에서 중요한 촉매역할을 한다. 촉매로 이용되는 나노입자를 합성할 때 colloidal synthesis를 많이 활용하고 있다. Colloidal synthesis를 이용해 나노입자를 합성할 경우 환원제, capping agent, shape directing agent 등이 촉매에 surface poisoning을 일으켜 촉매의 특성이 낮아질 수 있으며 합성 및 분리 과정 중 유해폐기물의 발생한다. Colloidal synthesis에서 사용되는 첨가제들의 양을 줄여 합성할 수 있는 새로운 나노입자를 합성법을 개발하여 은나노입자를 합성하였다. 결정화 기술을 이용하여 환원제, capping agent의 양을 줄일 수 있고 더욱이 합성된 나노입자 표면의 흡착되는 물질의 양을 줄여 surface poisoning을 낮출 수 있었다. 환원제로는 단당류와 이당류를 이용하여 surface poisoning이 거의 없는 은 나노입자는 resazurin의 산화환원 반응의 촉매로 이용할 수 있어 은 나노입자를 이용한 촉매 반응의 메커니즘을 분석하였다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2019

Reactive sputtering is widely used because of its high deposition rate and high step coverage. The deposition layer is often affected by target poisoning because the target conditions are changed, as well, by reactive gases during the initial stage of sputtering process. The reactive gas affects the deposition rate and process stability (target poisoning), and it also leads unintended oxide interlayer formation. Although the target poisoning mechanism has been well known, little attention has been paid on understanding the interlayer formation during the reactive sputtering. In this research, we studied the interlayer formation during the reactive sputtering. A DC magnetron sputtering process is carried out to deposit an aluminum oxide film on a silicon wafer. From the real-time process monitoring and material analysis, the target poisoning phenomena changes the reactive gas balance at the initial stage, and affects the interlayer formation during the reactive sputtering process.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are the most common source of human toxicity globally, causing high mortality and morbidity despite the availability of atropine as a specific antidote and oximes to reactivate acetylcholinesterase. The primary toxicity mechanism is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), resulting in accumulation of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and abnormal stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. Thus, the symptoms (muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system) result from cholinergic overactivity because of AchE inhibition. OP can also cause rhabdomyolysis, pancreatitis, parotitis, and hepatitis. OP therapy includes decontamination, supportive therapy, and the use of specific antidotes such as atropine and oximes. However, there has been a paucity of controlled trials in humans. Here we evaluated the literature for advances in therapeutic strategies for acute OP poisoning over the last 10 years.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

It confirmed the facilitated diffusion of $Na^+$ of frog bladder membrane which is a tissue membrane. The mechanism was explained in $Na^+$ channel model and its referred to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient which was contained in the reference to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient and son on, e.g., seaweed, shellfish, pufferfish, phytoplankton and chinese drug. Also, it introduces the result which studied from the barrier point of the application of the tissue biosensor to the trade friction on Korea or Japan pufferfish and the marine environment in the one with high dependance. It was possible for the poison quantity of small amount pufferfish toxin (TTX), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) to be measured and also to measure poison quantity in the cultivation poisonous toxin phytoplankton individual. In future, as for this tissue biosensor, it expects that it is possible to contribute widely until environment watch and also monitoring to the scene.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2004

In emergency department, the clinicians occasionally meet some patients with toxicity caused by ingestion of unknown wild edible greens or herbal agents. Due to there was few quantitative or qualitative studies about the mechanism or clinical features of these materials, it' s hard to approach to the patients and start the initial management in emergency department. Authors experienced the case of poisoning by Scopolia Japonica ingestion. We report this case with review of Scopolia Japonica.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

최근 5년간 국내 가스사고 중 CO중독사고는 사망 36명, 부상 79명이 발생하였으며, 전체 가스 사고에 비해 인명피해율이 8배나 높게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 CO중독사고의 대부분이 노후 가스보일러 및 다중 가스 사용시설의 배기통 불량에 의한 가스누출사고로 조사되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실험을 통해 건축물 내 보일러실의 배기통 불량에 의한 CO가스의 누출확산 메커니즘을 해석하였다. 배기통에서 누출된 CO 가스는 건축물 내부의 천정부근에서 가장 높은 농도분포를 보인다. 또한 CO경보기 설치 실험을 통해서 천정부근의 CO경보기가 가장먼저 작동하고, $30{\sim}40$분 경과한 후에 바닥 및 중간에 설치된 경보기가 작동하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 CO경보기의 적정 설치위치를 확인하였으며, 이 결과를 토대로 건출물내 CO경보기 설치위치를 제안하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 HT-PEMFC 공기극용 Pt계열 연료극 촉매의 인산이온 피독 특성에 대한 새로운 평가 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여, 기존의 전기화학적 인산이온 피독 측정법인 CV와 ORR RDE 측정법이 갖고 있는 문제점을 저감하기 위하여, 과산화수소를 Pt 촉매와의 반응물로 이용하여 고농도 인산 이온 분위기에서의 내피독성 측정값 오차를 감소시켰다. 그 결과 인산이온 농도 0.1 M 이하의 저농도와 0.5 M 이상의 고농도에서 인산농도 대비 전류밀도의 변화가 직선적으로 나타나, 실제 HT-PEMFC의 구동 환경과 유사한 고농도의 인산이온 분위기에서의 Pt계 인산이온 피독 정량화에 대하여 기존의 측정방법에 비해 우수함을 확인하였다.