• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.833-851
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• 2009

Recently, there is a matter of common interests in 'classroom' because many pedagogues and teachers feel urgently the understanding of educational field. This study aims to investigates classroom researches for the last twenty years, asserts the theme 'the spatiality of classroom' which is important to understand diverse point of views in classroom theories and is overlooked at the same time, and considers it in terms of 'classroom space metaphors'. Specially, the author reviews the recent trend in classroom researches, and names it 'classroom theory' in that it deals with classroom not as a means but as an object and has undergone methodological transition. In the mean time, the author lays great emphasis on 'the spatiality of classroom' which is important to expand classroom theory and is overlooked at the same time. To approach this, the author categorizes the classroom space metaphors of existing classroom researches into 'classroom as a work space' and 'classroom as a learning space' by drawing the concept 'metaphor'. And then the author presents new metaphor 'classroom as a lived space' on the basis of the recent classroom theory, and tries to abstract its educational significance in classroom by way of Thirdspace.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.317-337
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• 2012

This study has investigated shipping finance systems in Korea and China, and extracted negative factors based on it to propose a way to develop the shipping financial system in Korea for shipbuilding industry and marine transportation. From after the global financial crisis in 2008 to right before the Lehman Brothers Holdings bankruptcy, shipping finance has been dominated by the major industrialized countries in Europe. However, the weight point is moving to the countries in Asia region such as Korea, Japan, and China based on relatively strong banking system and low interests rate. This study focused on the alternatives the current situation that the starter of shipping finance among three countries in Northeast Asia, South Korea is facing China's challenges. In the paper, shipping finance in Korea presented its defectives such as the limits of ship financing, lack of professional workforces, ever-present foreign exchange risks, and lack of understandings of the parties. As the countermeasures of them, it proposed establishing professional institute for ship financing, training professionals in financial industry, raising foreign credentials of won, and continuing associations between the parties. Even though we are the first Asian country introduced ship funds, the ship funds growth in China shall be under our eyes while we keep systemic networks between shipping, ship building, and ship financing.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.151-178
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• 2016

This study is based on precedent research on contract fairness to prevent irrational contract practices and enable long term mutual interests between logistic firms and shipper. Actual unjust contract examples were identified in order to help create this positive partnership. An analysis on the difference of perspective proved that while the logistics companies believed on the positive effects of the presence of additional expense clauses & potential risk clauses, the very same companies believed that the concretization of procedural & distributional equitability clauses will cause positive effects on the partnership between the logistics companies and the shipper. On the other hand, concretizationof the expense clauses brings about a negative effect for the shipper company. Also, the perspective of a logistics company appears that such results were identical to the empirical study which had a positiveeffect. However, the shipping company had a negative and a rather opposite point of view. These researches prove that there should be an alteration in perception for the shipper company. It is believed that the comparison of the results of this research and the leading researches may provide grounds for thought-provoking suggestions that must be concretized and also for those in need for further settlement for drafting the standardized logistics contract and its logistics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.123-134
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• 2017

This study examines the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2005 7th-9th year data to analyze the university life of transfer students prior to their transferring by comparing them to that of non-transfer students. This study used two types of comparison groups: The first comparison group encompasses all who did not transfer and the second group was 1:1 matched sample of students who were enrolled in the same universities in the 7th year and were of the same gender. The 7th and 8th year experiences were compared, respectively. According to the result, transfer students in their previous universities compared to non-transfer students demonstrated higher grade point average, active class participation, and more interaction with faculty outside the class. On the other hand, these students demonstrated relatively lower satisfaction in university life, lower sense of belonging, and lower participation in student unions, campus events, and other student activities. They also tended to have less interaction with their colleagues. In other words, transfer students showed high competency and interests in academic activities like managing good grades and interacting with faculty but showed less interest in social activities such as interacting with peers and engaging in various campus activities. It is necessary to develope programs to help transfer students to adapt to school efficiently by utilizing the results of this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2005

By international lighting market's growth and domestic landscape lighting market's growth, the latest lighting market is activated. But, They are doing price competition that domestic lighting technology and development technology of lighting fixtures design do not possess international competitiveness than these change. Specially, as image of area and the country can be influenced greatly by cityscape at present visual point that many interests are converged country and identity establishment of local government, many cities are using force hereupon. Constructs which cityscape is various including natural ecology area of life environment gather and are done Image creation and this people's consciousness and culture living soon inside thing which do speaking by proxy be. Than city's night view nature lighting more than by spectacle lighting along with life lighting to basis materialize can. It is meaning more than thing that fine view of city becomes beautiful simply that night view of city becomes superior, that means that city efficiency and quality of life are exalted by a word. Wish to establish effective lighting technology and new product design process through PLS lighting technical development and 300 W lighting fixtures design development hereupon, and raise domestic spectacle lighting market's localization and domestic lighting market's competitive power furthermore.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.68
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• pp.11-40
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• 2021

The coronavirus pandemic has brought about significant negative changes in our society to the point where it has to be divided into 'Before Corona'(BC) and 'After Corona'(AC). Typical examples include economic difficulties and medical inequality of some social excluded groups as well as individuals who die alone because they are alienated from social networks, and hate and violent discrimination against Asian immigrants, which are rapidly increasing in Western countries in these days. In addition, the pandemic is at a global level, ranging from the vaccine gap between the first and third worlds, triggered by competition for securing vaccines between countries that put their own interests first, the income gap due to changes in the economic environment and financial market, and the bankruptcy of individuals and corporations. In 'all'(pan) and 'people'(demos) became a limit situation that could not be avoided. There is also the opinion that the world could witness the worst catastrophe if the pandemic spreads to poor countries at risk of increasing violence, poverty and famine. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in society caused by the Coronavirus pandemic and to suggest the direction of Christian education accordingly. To this end, this paper analyzes the medical, economic, and psychological crises that society faces in the post-corona era. Next, we look at the changes in Christian theology, mission, and worship, which are strongly required for fundamental changes in the context of the pandemic. Based on the above discussion, we propose a new direction for Christian education necessary in the post-corona era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.16
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• pp.15-42
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• 1991

A nation's culture isn't consisted by the characteristics of the nation only, but it is greatly affected by the geographical features and natural conditions, and it could be also dominated by the continual effect through mutual contact on economic exchange or social problem and political interests with neighboring countries. It is a well known fact that the contact of culture between Korea and Mongolia established under the special political situation that Corea was invaded by Won. But more basically, the Nomad including Mongolia had influenced upon neighboring countries, therefore, our country was also greatly influenced on consisting of our own culture by them. Moreover. the fact that our language belongs to their language's category(mostly Tweigru and Mongolian language) proves that the origin of our culture was deeply related with Mongolia. Accordingly, we could not limit the cultural relation between Korea and Mongolia within a special era. But especially, since unification of China by Mongolia, Won which appeared as a new great nation had dominated Corea for one hundred years, and the Corea's costume culture had a point of conversion to the mongolian. Therefore, this study expects to comment upon the relations of costume between Corea and Mongolia from a view point of Corea's tribute and royal gifts gifts by Mongolia written on the reference literatures. 1) From the ancient times, between our country and Mongolia there has been a direct or indirect exchange caused by the people's movement or invasion due to very closed neighboring. The relations between Corea and Mongolia have started from the mongolia's requests of tribute for the reason why they helped Corea against the Keoran's invasion, and these relation had continued by King Kongmin's age. 2) Mongolia had plundered a tribute such as dress, cereals, horses, military supplies, soldiers, maiden and little girls etc. from Corea, and therefore, a great confusion occurred on political, economic and social fields. And since King Chungyoul of Corea got married with a Princess of Won, the Corea's position was placed as the Buma nation(nation of son in law) and then high class people of Corea preferred to follow the mongolian costume such as Byunbal (pigtail), Ho dress (mongolian dress), Rouges, Chockturi (a kind of formal cap) and Doturak pigtail ribbon, and some have been applied up to date. On the other hand, the custom of Corea had transmitted to the Mongolian nobility, they called it "Corea Yang(style)". 3) The costume of Corea could be divided into three different periods, the first is the period influenced by Tang and Song's regime, the second is affected by the Won's costume and the third is applying the Myung's regime in the end of Corea. The Mongolian dress was based on the Ho dress form and it has been developed through compounding artistic traditional fields and foreign customs in long history. And Mongolia is composed of various tribes, therefore, they have their own dress for each tribe. Our country and Mongolia had a similar dress form based on Ho dress and both used the Chacksukunggo (jacket with small sleeves and slacks) and Seon(line). And the ornaments of costume such as Chockturi, Doturak pigtail ribbon and Rouges had transmitted and fixed down as a traditional wedding garment, but the Rouges has been used by noble women from the ancient times in our country. Since a member of the Society of Korean Costume has visited Mongolia in August 1990 for the first time, I really recognized the neccesity of more detailed study on the costume relation between Korea and Mongolia, and I will proceed with the study on various fields of costume under cooperation of Institute of Oriental Academy of Mongolia.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.4
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• pp.123-144
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• 2006

Foreigners who arrived in Korea after the age of enlightenment were Japanese, Chinese and 'Westerners' who were Europeans and Americans. The westerners were diplomats who visited Korea for colonization or for increasing their economical profits by trading after the spread of imperialism, and tourists curious of back countries, artists, explores and missionaries to perform their roles for their religious beliefs. They contacted with Korean cultural and educational people as missionaries and instructors during Japanese colonial period. In 1945, the allied forces occupied Korea under the name of takeover of Japanese colony after Japan's surrender and the relation between foreigners and Korean cultured men enter upon a new phase. For 3 years, American soldiers enforced lots of systems in Korea and many pro-American people were educated. This relationship lasted even after the establishment of the government of Korean Republic and especially, diplomats called as pro-Korean group came again after Korean War. Among them, there were lots of foreigners interested in cultures and arts. In particular, government officials under American Forces who were influential on political circles or diplomats widened their insights toward Korean cultural assets and collected them a lot. Those who were in Korea from the period of independence to 1950s wrote their impressions about Korean cultural assets on newspapers or journals after visiting contemporary Korean exhibitions. Among them, A. J. McTaggart, Richard Hertz and the Hendersons were dominant. They thought the artists had great interests in compromising and uniting the Orient and the West based on their knowledge of Korean cultural assets and they advised. However, it was different from Korean artist's point of view that the foreigners thought Korean art adhered oriental features and contained western contents. From foreigners' point of view, it is hard to understand the attitude Korean artists chose to keep their self-respect through experiencing the Korean war. It is difficult to distinguish their thought about Korean art based on their exotic taste from the Korean artists' local and peninsular features under Japanese imperialism. We can see their thought about Korean art and their viewpoint toward the third world, after staying in Korea for a short period and being a member of the first world. The basic thing was that they could see the potentialities through the worldwide, beautiful Korean cultural assets and they thought it was important to start with traditions. It is an evidence showing Korean artists' pride in regard to the art culture through experiencing the infringement of their country. By writing about illuminating Korean art from the third party's view, foreigners represented their thoughts through it that their economical, military superiority goes with their cultural superiority. The Korean artist's thought of emphasizing Korean history and traditions, reexamining and using it as an original creation may have been inspired by westerners' writings. 'The establishment of national art' that Korean artists gave emphasis then, didn't only affect one of the reactions toward external impact, 'the adhesion of tradition'. In the process of introducing Korean contemporary art and national treasure in America, different view caused by role differences-foreigner as selector and Korean as assistant-showed the fact evidently that the standard of beauty differed between them. By emphasizing that the basis to classify Korean cultural assets is different from the neighborhood China and Japan, they tried to reflect their understanding that the feature of Korean art is on speciality other than universality. And this make us understand that even when Korean artists profess modernism, they stress that the roots are on Korean and oriental tradition. It was obviously a different thought from foreigners' view on Korean art that Korean artists' conception of modernism and traditional roots are inherent in Korean history. In 1950s, after the independence, Korea had different ideas from foreigners that abstract was to be learned from the west. Korea was enduring tough times with their artists' self-respect which made them think that they can learn the method, but the spirit of abstract is in the orient.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.25
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• pp.103-118
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• 2016

Due to the rapid development of ICT, corporate business models quickly changed and because of the radical growth of IT technology, sequential or gradual survival has become difficult. Internet-based new businesses such as IT service companies are seeking for new convergence business models that have not existed before to create business models that are more competitive, but the economic efficiency of business models that were successful in the past is wearing off. Yet, as reaching the critical point where the platform value becomes extremely high for platforms via the Internet is happening at a much higher speed than before, platform-ization has become a very important condition for rapid business expansion for all kinds of businesses. This study analyzes the necessity of establishing platform business models in IT service planning and identifies their characteristics through case analyses of platform business models. The results derived features First, there is a need to ensure sufficient buyers and sellers, and second, platform business model should provide customers with distinctive value of the only platforms are generating. third, the common interests between platform-driven company and a partner, participants Should be existing. Fourthly, by expanding base of participants and upgrades, expansion of adjacent areas we must have a continuous scalability and evolution must be sustainable. While it is expected that the identified characteristics will cause tremendous impacts to the establishment of platform business models and to the graphing of service planning, we also look forward to this study serving as the starting point for the establishment of theories of profit models for platform businesses, which were not mentioned in the study, so that planners responsible for platform-based IT service planning will spend less time and draw bigger schemes in building planning drafts.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.131
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• pp.165-197
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• 2014

In this paper, I investigate on the human nature in philosophy of Wang Yang-Ming and Buddhism from a Kantian point of view. The core argument of the philosophy of Wang Yang-Ming, Buddhism and Kant is that all human beings have the pure abilities a priori to overcome themselves, to realize their own potentialities. This is called immanent transcendence. At this time human beings can be free. Kant, Wang Yang-Ming and Buddhism claim that all human beings themselves will overcome their desires from their mind and body through the immanent transcendence, reflection and contemplation on their own. When we give up the external knowledges, throw away obsessions with the selfish desires and go back to our inside, we can see our original nature. To have an insight into this inner nature, to respect the moral law a priori, this is to overcome the ourselves, and to be a Grate Man(聖人) and a Buddha. This way is the only way to be a Grate Man and a Buddha. The main proposition of Wang Yang-Ming's philosophy is expressed 'There are no things without mind.'(心外無物) The core of Kant's transcendental philosophy is called the Copernican Revolution by himself. Copernican Revolution means the transition from the object-centered epistemology to the subject-centered epistemology. 'Innate Knowing'(良知) and 'Perform Innate Knowing'(致良知), 'All human beings have the mind of Buddha'(一切衆生悉有佛性) contain the apriority, immanence of Moral Law. In this respect, the theory of Innate Knowing in Wang Yang-Ming and mind of Buddha in Buddhism, pure Moral Law in Kant has the same structure grounded in subjectivity. Even if we have the mind of Buddha, innate Knowing, moral law a priori, the reason why we don't know our original nature is that we fall into the obsessions with selfish desires, and that we have inclination to external interests. So the moment you see our original nature, ordinary people themselves turn into a Buddha. These changes and transitions are immanent transcendence. All human beings have the ability to do this changes and transitions. Buddha does not exist outside of us, but it exists with our reflections on our human nature. Buddha can not existed without our insight into the our innate Ego. Where there is our original nature, there is a Buddha. So Buddha is called the another name of the original figure of human beings.