• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2019

The genus Cenchrus (Poaceae), containing ca. 23 species, is distributed throughout Australia, Africa, Indian sub-continent, and America. In Korea, Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald, especially introduced to Daecheong Island in 1999, is one of the most hazardous invasive plant which causes serious environmental threats, biodiversity damages and physically negative impact on humans and animals. Based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we characterized the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of C. longispinus which contains a large single copy (LSC; 80,223 bp), a small single copy (SSC; 12,449 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 22,236 bp). Additionally, we analyzed the cp genome sequences of Cenchrus echinatus L. which contains a large single copy (LSC; 80,220 bp), a small single copy (SSC; 12,439 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 22,236 bp). These cp genomes consist of 75 unique genes, 4 rRNA coding genes, 33 tRNA coding genes and 21 duplicated in the IR regions, of which the gene content and organization are similar to the other Poaceae cp genomes. We selected 40 potential regions in cp genomes of two Cenchrus species and one Korean Pennisetum species to develop new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for identifying C. longispinus based on amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique. The markers, inferred from SNP in matK and ndhF genes, show effectiveness to recognize C. longispinus from C. echinatus and Korean native species Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2018

외래종이라 함은 도입종, 귀화종, 침입종을 통칭하는 용어로 특정한 인위적 목적 여부에 관계없이, 본래의 자생지가 아닌 외부에서 들어와 다른 생물의 서식지를 점유하여 번식하는 생물종을 지칭하는 것으로, 침입외래종은 생태계에 도입되고 확산되면서 생물다양성과 연계된 생태계서비스를 위협하거나 또는 악영향을 미치는 외래종을 의미하며, 위해우려종이란 국내에 유입될 경우 생태계 등에 위해를 미칠 우려가 있어 환경부장관이 지정 고시하는 생물종 (살아있는 것으로서 개체의 일부 알 종자 등을 포함)을 지칭한다. 본 연구는 환경부고시에 따른 한반도 미유입 환경위해우려종43종에 대하여 농업환경위해성 평가를 실시하고, 분류동정 기법을 개발하는 등 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해, 해외식물표본 확인과 미국 현장조사를 실시하였으며, 우선적으로 8종의 미유입 식물에 대하여 보고하고자 한다. - Carduus acanthoides L. (Asteraceae), Carduus tenuiflorus W. Curtis (Asteraceae), Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae), Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. (Apiaceae), Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (Apiaceae), Ehrharta erecta Lam. (Poaceae), Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius (Poaceae).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

Given that the Korean genus Elymus L. (Poaceae) is often confused with Agropyron Gaertn., the categories and characteristics of Elymus s.l. have been reviewed morphologically. Two unrecorded taxa of Elymus, E. humidus (Ohwi & Sakam.) T. Osada and E. shandongensis B. Salomon, not previously recorded in Korean flora to date, we report here as an unrecorded species based on samples collected from Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do, and Jeollabuk-do. E. humidus is distinguished from other taxa in terms of its habitat around riversides, erect inflorescences, spikelets appressed to rachides of inflorescence, and new individuals asexually propagated at the lower nodes of aerial stems. E. shandongensis is similar to E. tsukushiensis var. transiens (Hack.) H. Osada but is distinguished by the flowering time, slightly curved inflorescences, number of veins of the glumes, and spikelets appressed to the rachides. Descriptions of the two unrecorded Korean taxa, photographs, and keys to neighboring taxa are presented.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.326-331
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• 2021

The complete chloroplast genome of Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav. isolated in Korea is 135,902 bp long (GC ratio is 38.4%) and has four subregions; 81,546 bp of large single-copy (36.3%) and 12,586 bp of small single-copy (32.7%) regions are separated by 20,885 bp of inverted repeat (44.1%) regions, including 130 genes (83 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 39 tRNAs). Thirty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and 11 insertions and deletion (INDEL) regions were identified from two Z. macrostachya chloroplast genomes, the smallest among other Zoysia species. Phylogenetic trees show that two Z. macrostachya chloroplast genomes are clustered into a single clade. However, we found some incongruency with regard to the phylogenetic position of the Z. macrostachya clade. Our chloroplast genome provides insights into intraspecific variations and species delimitation issues pertaining to the Zoysia species.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-178
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of weeds occurring in paeony field in June and July, 2015 in Uiseong, Cheongsong of Kyungbuk province, and Hwasun, Jangheung, Gangjin of Jeonnam province. In total paeony field, there were 35 families and 105 species, including 30 species of Asteraceae, nine species of Poaceae, eight species of Polygonaceae, and each five species of Fabaceae and Convolvulaceae, By life style, there were 49 species of annuals, 27 species of winter annuals and 24 species of perennials. In Kyeongbuk province, 30 families and 75 species were found including 20 species of Asteraceae, seven species of Poaceae, six species of Polygonaceae, each four species of Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Convolvulaceae, three species of Euphorbiaceae. By life style, there were 35 species of annuals, 21 species of winter annuals and 19 species of perennials. In Jeonnam province, 34 families and 88 species were found including 23 species of Asteraceae, seven species of Poaceae, eight species of Polygonaceae, six species of Fabaceae and four species of Scrophulariaceae. By life style, there were 43 species of annuals, 15 species of winter annuals and 25 species of perennials. Therefore, there are various occurrences of annual, annual, and perennial weeds in peony fields, and weed control system should be set up accordingly.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2014

Two unrecorded naturalized species, Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Poaceae) and Oenothera rosea L'H$\acute{e}$r. ex Aiton (Onagraceae) were newly reported in Korea. L. rigidum, 'Daeng-Dol-Bo-Ri', was found at roadside of Yesong beach, Yesong-ri, Bogil-myeon, and roadside of Myeongsasimni beach, Sin-ri, Sinji-myeon, in Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do. It was distinguished from L. mutiflorum Lam by spikelet 10-20 mm long, florets 2-10(-13), and obtuse lemma, awn absent or up to 3-8(-10) mm. O. rosea, 'Ae-Ki-Bun-Hong-Nat-Dal-Mat-I-Kkot', was found in side of Wondong wetland, Yongdang-ri, Wondong-myeon, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. This taxon was distinguishable from other Oenothera in Korea by following combination of characters, stem erect to ascending, petal 5-12 mm long, pink to bright purple. Descriptions and illustrations of the two taxa and their photographs in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Lolium and Oenothera from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.607-613
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• 2022

Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb., a newly identified invasive alien species, was found in Gangcheon-ri, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It is native to North America and has been reported to be an invasive alien plant in Japan, Australia, and Ukraine. Vulpia octoflora is a weed that grows mainly in dry sandy or rocky soil and is frequently found along the roadside in open areas or in artificially disturbed sites. This species is similar to the recently confirmed alert alien species, V. bromoides (L.) Gray, but is readily distinguishable due to more florets per spikelet and a short awn of the lemma. A detailed species description, the geographical distribution, illustrations, photographs, and an identification key for all species of Vulpia that occur in Korea are provided.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2018

The genus Cenchrus (Poaceae), containing ca. 97 species, is distributed throughout Australia, Africa and Indian sub-continent and which was introduced to the United States and Mexico for use in improved pasture. In Korea, especially Daecheong Island, it is one of the most hazardous invasive plant, which causes serious environmental threats, biodiversity damages and physically negative impact on humans and animals. It can cause serious damage to farms, fields and white sand beaches. However, the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and information of Cenchrus longispinus have been not addressed, so we provide the complete cp genome of Cenchrus longispinus using next-generation sequencing technology. The size of cp genomes of this Daecheong Island species (Cenchrus longispinus) is 137,144 bp, and it shows a typical quadripartite structure. Consisting of the large single copy (LSC; 80,223 bp), small single copy (SSC; 12,449 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 22,236 bp). This cp genome contains 75 unique genes, 4 rRNA coding genes, 33 tRNA coding genes and 21 duplicated in the IR regions, with the gene content and organization are similar to other Poaceae cp genomes. Our comparative analysis identified four cpDNA regions (rpl16, rbcL, ndhH and ndhF) from three Cenchrus species, two Setaria species and one Pennisetum species which may be useful for molecular identification.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.543-558
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• 2019

This study was carried out to apply the taxonomic characters to identify and to provide the habitat circumstances for forty one un-introduced environmentally harmful plants in the Korea which have been designated by Ministry of Environment in 2016. We investigated the dried plant specimen from several herbaria and performed field habitat survey in western coast area of United States including California, Oregon and Washington. We suggest the first result for ecological risk discussion, weed risk assessment, taxonomic characters and classification keys for 8 species with the related species - Carduus acanthoides L. (Asteraceae), Carduus tenuiflorus W. Curtis (Asteraceae), Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae), Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. (Apiaceae), Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. (Apiaceae), Ehrharta erecta Lam. (Poaceae), and Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius (Poaceae).

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2015

Korean Poaceae includes approximately 80 species of the agricultural weeds. Precise species identification is the first step for more effective weed management in the agricultural fields. However, the identification of species in Poaceae is not easy without the assistance of taxonomists or identification experts although they are relatively easy to distinguish from the plants of the other family by the unique characteristics of caryopsis. Thus, DNA barcode was suggested as an alternative powerful technique for species identification by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcode markers of vascular plants, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used for barcode of major Korean Poaceae weeds, 403 individuals of 84 taxa. All the barcode markers revealed a good level of sequencing success with the lowest 73.7% for matK and the highest 88.8% for rbcL. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use. Combined matK and ITS showed very high resolving power with 92.9%. Besides the identification of weeds for weed managment, the generated DNA barcode data could be used for many other applications such as rapid biodiversity assessment and conservation prioritization.