• 아동학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2009

This study aimed to explore the current status of playgrounds, children's libraries and youth centers as local community centers in support of children. Its data were collected from reviewing the relevant literature, interviews, surveys and web search. It was found that children's libraries were predominantly located in Seoul and Kyungki provinces. In comparison with other advanced countries, Korea had lower ratios of volumes of books and periodicals per the library user and of a number of staff per the user. It was also found that over a half number of playgrounds was placed in apartment areas. Since 1993, the long-term youth development plan has commenced the construction of various societal infrastructure such as local youth centers, counseling institutes, sex-culture centers and youth cultural zones. Based on these findings, some policy issues were raised.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

The children's playgrounds have been installed almost from the beginning when the first apartment complex was built. The brightness of a playground has not been considered in the architectural plan. The site of the playground has been chosen based on availability without making a detailed review on its daylight environment. The purpose of this study is to provide the Sky Ratio Diagram for the evaluation of daylight environment at the children's playground in apartment complexes. the Sky Ratio Diagram has 100 points, each point has a value of equal to the sky ratio 1%. Through case studies, the Sky Ratio Diagram was verified whether it could be practically applied to the actual playgrounds. This research is meaningful in that it suggests a way to quantitatively evaluate the brightness of a playground. The Sky Ratio Diagram suggested in this study can be practically used when choosing a site for a playground within an apartment complex.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2010

Eggs of parasite were found 73 of 1,459 in sand samples from public parks and playgrounds in Incheon for 5 years (from 2004 to 2008). Of the 1,459 sand samples examined, 17.8% of samples were found to be positive ova of Toxocara canis, 11.0% for Toxocaris leonina, 5.5% for Toxocara cati, 2.7% Ancylostoma caninum and 1.4% for Strongyloides spp. It was found mixed infestation with Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati 60.2%.

• 교육시설
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2014

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2010

This study assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds exposure of young children at child-care facilities and indoor playgrounds in Korea. The samples were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007), winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) and Spring (Mar~Apr, 2008) periods, and analyzed by GC-MS. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene, chloroform, CCI4 and tetrachloroethylene, and the hazard quotients (HQs) of Non-carcinogens (toluene, xylene, benzaldehyde and formaldehyde). Formaldehyde evaluated both cancer and non-cancer risk. The average ECRs of formaldehyde for young children were $1\times10^{-4}{\sim}1\times10^{-5}$ level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.206-221
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• 2012

Hazardous chemicals can be released from artificial turf used in some school playgrounds. To distinguish between Health risk assessment (HRA) exposure scenarios for this study, the ratio of elementary, middle and high schools was considered before final selection. Considering exposure pathways (inhalational, oral and dermal), media and materials were examined, targeting hazardous chemicals released from artificial turf playground-related products. Upon evaluation, the quantity of infill chips was shown to exceed the domestic product content standard (90 mg/kg) at eight (16%) out of 50 schools. PAHs were shown to exceed standards (10 mg/kg) at two (4%) out of the 50 schools. The excess cancer risk (ECR) of carcinogens was shown to be $1{\times}10^{-6}$ in most users for the worst exposure scenario. In children with pica, who represented the most extreme exposure group, the ECR was expected to be as high as $1{\times}10^{-4}$, showing the low risk level of carcinogens. The hazard index (HI) for individual chemicals was shown to be low, at around 0.1 or less, except for children with pica, according to the mean exposure scenario of artificial turf playground exposure. However, the HI was shown to exceed 1.0 in children with pica. Therefore, no direct health risk was found in using artificial turf playgrounds and urethane flooring tracks for the mean exposure scenario, except in children with pica.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.223-226
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• 2013

To evaluate the potential risk associated with zoonotic ascarid eggs in educational facilities and public playground in Seoul city, the sand samples collected from April to December in 2011 were examined with a fecal flotation method. Of 5,066 sand samples from 1,367 playgrounds tested, 12 sands from 12 places (0.88%) had ascarid eggs. Sand samples in educational facilities were more contaminated (10/870, 1.15%) with the parasite eggs than those of public playground area (2/497, 0.4%). Fisher's exact tests were used to make pairwise comparisons between which locations were more or less similar with regard to levels of contamination. We didn't find significantly different from one another. Most ascarid eggs detected were found in the Spring. Through this study, we hope to raise awareness of contamination of playgrounds by potentially infectious ascarid ova.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study assessed the health risks for children exposed to phthalate through several pathways including house dust, surface wipes and hand wipes in child facilities and indoor playgrounds. Methods: The indoor samples were collected from various children's facilities (40 playrooms, 42 daycare centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor-playgrounds) in both summer (Jul-Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan-Feb, 2008). Hazard index (HI) was estimated for the non-carcinogens and the examined phthalates were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP). The present study examined these four kinds of samples, i.e., indoor dust, surface wipes of product and hand wipes. Results: Among the phthalates, the detection rates of DEHP were 98% in dust samples, 100% in surface wipe samples, and 95% in hand wipe samples. In this study, phthalate levels obtained from floor dust, product surface and children's hand wipe samples were similar to or slightly less compared to previous studies. The $50^{th}$ and $95^{th}$ percentile value of child-sensitive materials did not exceed 1 (HI) for all subjects in all facilities. Conclusions: For DEHP, DnBP and BBzP their detection rates through multi-routes were high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable. This study suggested that ingestion and dermal exposure could be the most important pathway of phthalates besides digestion through food.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

통합놀이터는 장애인 전용 놀이터가 아닌 장애아동과 비장애아동 모두가 함께 놀 수 있는 놀이터이며, 1960년대 미국에서 장애인들의 시민권이 추구되면서 이루어진 놀이터를 보는 사회적 인식 변화로 시작되었다. 이후 통합놀이터는 여러 나라에서 발전되었으며, 실천방식은 가이드라인의 형태로 정리되었다. 국내에서도 통합놀이터를 향한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있으나, 해외 사례나 가이드라인을 단편적으로 적용하는 데 그치고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여러 나라의 통합놀이터 디자인 가이드라인의 유형을 분류하고, 각각의 가이드라인에서 제시하는 통합놀이터의 개념, 디자인 원칙 및 세부 지침을 분석하여 국내 통합놀이터 디자인 가이드라인 작성을 위한 기초적 틀을 제공하려 한다. 디자인 가이드라인의 목적은 구체적 설계 지침, 학문적 연구와 산업체 제품 연계, 추구 가치의 사회적 확산과 실현, 디자인 방법을 통한 추구 가치를 확장 등으로 나타났다. 목적에 따라 내용의 구성은 차이를 보이고 있다. 공통적인 추구 가치는 장애인만을 위한 놀이터가 아닌 모두를 위한 놀이터로 몇몇 가이드라인에서는 이를 구현하는 방식으로 난이도를 언급하고 있다. 디자인 원칙을 살펴보았을 때 접근성 향상은 공통적이나 경우에 따라 안정성, 독립성, 편의성, 놀이성 같은 원칙을 더하고 있다. 모든 가이드라인이 디자인 지침을 제공하지 않으며, 디자인 지침을 제공하고 있더라도 구체성의 정도와 방식에는 차이가 있다. 디자인 지침은 장애아동 놀이 지원과 통합놀이의 유도로 크게 구분할 수 있고, 장애아동 놀이지원은 '공간 및 시설물의 치수 및 재질 확보', '보조장치 추가', '새로운 시설물 디자인' 세 단계로 구분하여 정리할 수 있다. 통합놀이 유도를 위한 디자인 지침은 '다양한 난이도와 교차 공간 조성', '협력하며 놀기의 조건 제공', '보호자의 효율적 지원을 위한 조건 제공'으로 요약된다. 본 연구에서는 물리적 환경에 집중하였으나, 사회적으로는 아동의 놀 권리 보장이 이루어져야 하고 장애인을 향한 사회적 태도는 배제에서 통합으로 전환되어야 한다. 또한 통합 놀이 프로그램의 개발 및 관련 종사자 양성, 놀이 환경의 유지 및 관리 등 다양한 측면이 고려되어야 한다. 이에 통합놀이터 조성 이후의 운영과 관리를 위한 인적, 사회적 인프라 구축, 제도 정비를 다루는 후속 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2002

The purposes of this study actually measure to the dimension and the quality of material play equipment's examine whether they meet safety standards or not, and intend to offer basic data to present proper safety standards concerning the dimension of play equipment in the end. The subjects for this study were 59 outdoor playgrounds, 30 among them located in apartment sites and the remainder did in residential districts. The time of actual measurement was in June 1999, and June 2000. Data were analyzed into frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation by using SPSSWIN program. The main results were as follows.: First, more than half of playgrounds were assessed for being traffic hazards due to the adjacent streets. And they were hardly equipped with the toilet and drinking water facilities, but were almost equipped with the shade of a tree and benches. Second, it was caused in inconvenience of children's use and difficulty of play equipments'management, since the quality of play equipments materials was consisted of wood or metal. Third, the standards for swing and slide were established in detail and actual measurement's results were suitable to standards'value as well, whereas the standards for seesaw and climber were not in detail and they did not design or install suitably.