• 대한약리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1989

수영-스트레스로 나타나는 뇌 catecholamine대사 및 혈장 corticosterone 함량의 변동에 대한 clonidine(500 ug/kg)의 억제작용을 propylthiouracil(0.01% 용액으로 5주간 마시게함) 및 1-thyrorine(4 mg/kg/day로 5일간 복강내에 주사)로 처치한 웅성-마우스에서 실험관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 마우스의 일과성 자발운동량의 변동은 갑상선-홀몬의 변동에 영향을 받지 않았고, 수영스트레스(SS)로 나타나는 혈장 corticosterone(CS)의 증가가 propylthiouracil 전처치 (PTU) 및 1-thyroxine 전처치 (T4)로 각각 다소의 감소 및 증강됨을 보였으나, SS에 의한 혈장 CS증가에 대한 clonidine의 억제작용은 PTU 및 T4의 영향을 받지 않았다. SS부하로 뇌 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol 함량(MHPG)가 유의하게 증가되고 clonidine에 의하여는 MHPG가 현저히 감소되었으나 뇌 norepinephrine 함량(NE)은 별 변동을 보이지 않아서 MHPG/NE비는 SS와 clonidine에 의하여 각각 현저한 증가 및 감소를 나타내었다. 아울러, PTU및 T4은 각각 뇌NE을 유의하게 감소 또는 증가시켰으나 뇌 MHPG에는 별 영향을 미치지 않았다. Clonidine은 SS에 의한 뇌 MHPG 및 MHPG/NE비의 증가를 모두 현저히 억제하였으며 그 억제작용은 PTU 및 T4에 의하여 별 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어서, 마우스의 일과성 자발운동양상 및 스트레스반응으로 나타나는 혈장 corticosterone의 증가현상등이 갑상선-홀몬의 변동에 별 영향을 받지 않으며, 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신계의 활성화가 시상하부의 norepinephrine성 신경-흥분에 매게되어 나타나는 바, 스트레스성 혈장 corticosterone 증가에 대한 clonidine의 억제작용이 그의 절전-${\alpha}_2-adrenoceptor\;agonist$ 작용에 기인되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2005

단계적인 방법에 의해 해수에서 담수로의 염분 하강과 담수에서 해수로의 염분 상승에 대한 잡종 striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀ ${\times}$ M. saxatilis ♂)의 생리적 반응을 조사하였다. 단계적인 염분 변화는 혈중 cortisol 농도의 상승을 동반하지 않았으나, 혈중 glucose 농도는 상승하였다. 혈장의 삼투질 농도와 $Na^+$, $Cl^-$ 농도는 염분상승과 함께 유의하게 증가하였으나, 염분 하강 때는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 실험 결과들은 잡종 striped bass는 단계적인 염분변화에 매우 효과적으로 적응하고 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 염분 스트레스에 강한 광염성 어종임을 입증하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2015

$12^{\circ}C$에서 DO 농도가 $0.7mg\;L^{-1}$일 때 조피볼락의 폐사가 발생하였으며, 소요시간은 274분이었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 DO 농도가 $0.8mg\;L^{-1}$일 때 조피볼락의 폐사가 발생하였으며, 소요시간은 148분이었다. DO 농도의 감소는 스트레스 요인으로 작용하여 $12^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 1차적으로 코티졸 및 글루코스 농도를 상승시켰다. 또한 Ht, Hb, AST, ALT, 이온 농도, 삼투질 농도도 $12^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 폐사 직전에 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2014

The recognition that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) possess potent anti-inflammatory properties in human models has prompted studies investigating their efficacy for animal growth and immunity. This study examined the effect of feeding an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet on growth and immune response of weanling piglets. Newly weaned pigs (averaging $27{\pm}2$ days of age and $8.1{\pm}0.7kg$ of body weight) were assigned randomly to receive a control (3% vegetable oil, n = 20) or n-3 PUFA-supplemented (3% marine n-3 PUFA, n = 20) diet for 28 day after weaning. Female pigs consuming the n-3 PUFA-enriched diet were lighter at week 4 post-weaning than those fed the vegetable oil supplement. Weanling pigs gained more weight, consumed more feed and had better growth to feed ratios between days 14 and 28 than between days 0 and 14 post-weaning. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) decreased between days 0 ($87.2{\pm}17.0ng/mL$) and 14 ($68.3{\pm}21.1ng/mL$) after weaning and then increased again by day 28 ($155.2{\pm}20.9ng/mL$). In piglets consuming the vegetable oil-enriched diet, plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) increased from $37.6{\pm}14.5$ to $102.9{\pm}16.6pg/mL$ between days 0 and 14 post-weaning and remained high through day 28 ($99.0{\pm}17.2pg/mL$). The TNF-${\alpha}$ increase detected in the piglets fed vegetable oil was not observed in the piglets fed n-3 PUFA. Results indicate that weaning induces considerable immune stress in piglets and that this stress can be mitigated by dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of delivery nursing care using essential oils on labor stress response, labor anxiety and postpartum status anxiety for primipara. Methods: This study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primipara with single gestation, full term, & uncomplicated pregnancies. Twenty four primipra were in the experimental and control group each. Their mean age was 27.9 years old, their mean gestation period 279.9 days. As a treatment, delivery nursing care using essential oils was applied by nurses. Data collected epinephrine, norepinephrine, anxiety during labor. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's status anxiety was collected. Data was analyzed by t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, & Wilcoxon signed ranks test with SPSS Program. Results : Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine were significantly low in the experimental group (P=0.001, P=0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety during labor and postpartum mother's status anxiety. Conclusion : These findings indicate that delivery nursing care using essential oils could be effective in decreasing plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine. But, that could not be verified in decreasing mother's anxiety.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1984

It has been generally recognized that the secretion of aldosterone is mainly regulated by angiotensin II in animals and humans, however, potassium and ACTH are also proposed as other humoral factors involved in the aldosterone secretory process. Recently, stress, anesthesia, adrenergic stimulation, low sodium intake or water deprivation stimulate plasma renin activity, while high sodium intake and deoxycorticosteroid have been reported to cause suppression of renin activity in animals. It seems that overall response of aldosterone secretory mechanisms reflects complex interactions both intrarenal and extrarenal components. Furosemide has been widely used to investigate the control of renin secretion by the kidney, and the relationship between diuretics and the disposition of endogenous aldosterone were reported (Oh, 1984). The sequential with 10 min interval samples of plasma were collected following administration of furosemide(1 mg/kg), aspirin(10 mg/kg), respectively. And also similar experiment was performed in the propranolol (10 mg/kg) pretreated rabbits. The results were as follows : 1) The concentration of plasma aldosterone was average of $426.I{\sim}485.5pg/ml$ in normal rabbits. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone rised significantly after injection of furosemide during 50 min, and the rise of plasma aldosterone was blocked by the propranolol pretreatment 2) Significant fall in the plasma level of aldosterone after injection of aspirin was noted. This result indicates that the increased secretion of aldosterone induced by furosemide administration is mediated through ${\beta}-receptors$, and the possible role of prostaglandin is substantiated.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2008

The effects of noise stress response on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC) and plasma parameters (cortisol, glucose and albumin) in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a very important commercial marine fish in Korea, were investigated. These parameters were analyzed on fish exposed to an explosion of noise. There were no significant differences or trends in hematological parameters (hematocrit; control $29.7{\pm}4.8%$, experiment 32.0 35.5%; hemoglobin; control $6.5{\pm}0.7g/dL$, experiment 6.2 7.8 g/dL; MCHC; control $19.6{\pm}0.6g/dL$, experiment 19.9~22.2 g/dL). However, plasma cortisol and glucose exhibited significant differences from start to finish and displayed the following patterns (cortisol; control $180.7{\pm}35.4ng/mL$, experiment 247.0 444.5 ng/mL; glucose; control $32.5{\pm}6.3mg/dL$, experiment 50.5 109.0 mg/dL). In addition, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression and basal levels of various tissues (eye, gills, liver, intestine, skin and gonads) were investigated for the first time in this marine fish. When the Korean rockfish was exposed to explosive noise stress, the GR mRNA was expressed more in the gonads than in other tissues tested and was elevated significantly from two and four times in the liver and gills, respectively, after noise exposure.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

금붕어(Carassius auratus)를 사용하여 수온변화에 따른 스트레스 반응에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자, 수온상승과 하강에 따른 혈액 성상 및 생리적 반응을 조사하였다. 수온은 $15^{\circ}C$로부터 급격하게 하강시켜 1시간이내에 $10^{\circ}C$로 사육수를 조절하였으며, 이후 자연적으로 수온이 상승하도록 조절하였다. 12시간째에 수온은 $15^{\circ}C$로 회복되어 24시간째까지 유지하였다. 이러한 수온자극 스트레스를 3일 연속하여 주었다. 혈장 cortisol, glucose 및 lactic acid에서 72시간까지 대조구보다 스트레스 실험구에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 혈장 $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ 및 aspartate aminotransferase (AST)는 두 그룹에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과 혈장 cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, hematocrit, red blood cell 및 hemoglobin에서 일반적인 스트레스 반응을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2011

The performance of naked neck and normal chicken was evaluated with respect to growth, carcass, immune, biochemical and stress parameters under winter and summer seasons to assess the suitability of naked neck birds under high temperatures in the global scenario of climate change. The growth performance was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in naked neck chicken in the summer season. The dressing percentage was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in naked neck birds in both winter and summer season because of reduced plumage. The thigh, giblet and feather proportion significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) varied between naked neck and normal chickens in summer season. The humeral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) did not show any significant differences among the chicken groups. The protein and cholesterol concentration observed was within the normal ranges. The total cholesterol levels in plasma were significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) lower in naked neck birds in both the seasons. H:L ratio was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) lower in summer season indicating less stress in naked neck chicken. Basophil and eosinophil concentration was significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) higher in normal chicken in summer. The lipid peroxidation was higher in full feathered birds under summer stress. The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly higher during the summer and varied significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) between the normal and naked neck chicken in both seasons. The results indicated that the naked neck birds performed significantly better at high ambient temperatures with respect to growth, carcass and biochemical parameters. It was concluded that the ability of the naked neck chicken to adapt to high temperatures foresees a viable option for the biological mitigation of climate change.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2022

Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress engages the unfolded protein response (UPR) that serves as an important mechanism for modulating hepatic fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. Chronic fasting in mice induced the UPR activation to regulate lipid metabolism. However, there is no direct evidence of whether negative energy balance (NEB) induces ER stress in the liver of cows. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the NEB attributed to feed deprivation and ER stress in bovine hepatocytes. Methods: Blood samples and liver biopsy tissues were collected from 6 non-lactating cows before and after their starvation for 48 h. The blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose level were analyzed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to explore the regulation of genes associated with UPR and lipid metabolism. Results: The starvation increased the plasma BHBA and NEFA levels and decreased the glucose level. Additionally, the starvation caused significant increases in the mRNA expression level of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and the protein level of phosphorylated inositol-requiring kinase 1 alpha (p-IRE1α; an upstream protein of XBP1) in the liver. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target fatty acid oxidation- and ketogenesis-related genes were significantly upregulated by the starvation-mediated NEB. Furthermore, we found that the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic genes were not significantly changed after starvation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that in the initial stage of NEB in dairy cows, the liver coordinates an adaptive response by activating the IRE1 arm of the UPR to enhance ketogenesis, thereby avoiding a fatty liver status.