• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1178-1187
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• 2000

Many immunostimulating substances have been developed to improve immunity of domestic animals, although their exact mode of action and effects are not clearly defined, and they are now widely used in feed industry. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides, called endotoxin, in particular may have a profound effect not only on the immune system but also on macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. Glucans from a variety of yeast cell wall have been shown to stimulate both specific and non-specific immune responses and to increase growth performance in pigs. Recently, there has been great interest in the role of complex carbohydrates in disease prevention and treatment. Mannanoligosaccharide is a glucomannoprotein complex derived from the cell wall of yeast. Generally, it was also known that the deficiencies of some major vitamins (vitamin A, E and C) and minerals (chromium and selenium) lead to impaired immune system and, as a result, immune function is depressed and recovery delayed. On the other hand, many researchers suggested that one possible reason for the superior performance observed in pigs fed plasma protein may be because of the presence of biologically active plasma proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins) which are known to contribute to the health of the starter pig. And, immunoglobulins present in plasma protein have been implicated as contributing to the overall immunocompetence of the newborn pig. Other immunostimulants, lactoferrin and lysozyme, mainly found in milk and egg white, have been known as having bacteriocidal and bacteriolytic effect. When considering practical use of immunostimulants, the concept of using immunostimulants is new to many people and, in most cases, it is poorly understood how and why such compounds act, and how they should be used in practice. Therefore, in order to clarify the reason for discrepancies in results, special attention should be paid to the dose/response relationship of immunostimulants and the duration of the effect.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Effect of dietary brown seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida) levels on the anti-oxidant enzyme system was evaluated in blood of broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Day-old broiler chicks were fed diets containing 0.0(basal), 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 % of brown seaweed for 4 weeks. The innate immune response was activated by injecting Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide(LPS) i.p. at 8, 10 and 12 day of age. The activation of innate immune response enhanced(p< 0.01) and the brown seaweed 1.0 and 2.0 % diets reduced(P< 0.05) the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in erythrocyte cytosol significantly. The activation of innate immune response elevated significantly the levels of peroxide and the activity of peroxidase in plasma, while the levels of dietary brown seaweed resulted in a significant linear increase in peroxidase activity in plasma of normal bird. Experience of the innate immune response in 4 week-old chicks reduced linearly the plasma level of peroxide with the level of brown seaweed and enhanced the plasma peroxidase activity. Also, the plasma of normal birds fed the brown seaweed showed higher level of peroxide and lower activity of peroxidase. The results indicated that dietary brown seaweed affected SOD and peroxidase activities in blood of broiler chicks during activation of innate immune response.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2006년도 한국약용작물학회 공동춘계학술발표회
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• pp.294-295
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• 2006

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.93-93
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• 2018

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.830-837
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• 2016

Juvenile Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length $15.6{\pm}1.4cm$, mean weight $68.7{\pm}4.3g$) were exposed to 4 months with the different levels of salinity [100 (35.0), 90 (31.5), 80 (28.0), 70 (24.5), 60 (21.0), 50 (17.5), and 40 (14.0) % (psu)] for 4 months. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC) counts, hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were substantially decreased under salinities of 50% psu or lower. Of the measured inorganic plasma constituents, magnesium was notably decreased, whereas there was no effect on calcium. Among organic plasma components, glucose and cholesterol were significantly increased, and total protein was decreased. Among enzyme plasma components, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased under salinities of 50% psu or lower. Antioxidant responses such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased at salinities of 50% psu or lower. The results of this study indicate that salinity affects the blood parameters, plasma constituents, and antioxidant responses of A. fimbria.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.9.1-9.7
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• 2019

The study investigated the changes in growth performance, hematological parameters, plasma components, and stress indicators of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus, depending on varying exposure to hexavalent chromium. P. stellatus was exposed to waterborne chromium at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppb for 4 weeks. The result showed that Cr exposure resulted in decreased daily length gain (DLG), daily weight gain (DWG), condition factor (CF), and hepatosomatic index (HIS) in P. stellatus. In terms of hematological parameters, red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) significantly decreased at 400 ppb after 2 weeks. In terms of plasma components, inorganic analysis was unchanged and cholesterol, an organic component, considerably increased at 400 ppb after 4 weeks. Plasma enzyme components including glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly increased. Stress indicators such as cortisol and glucose were notably increased over 100 ppb after 4 weeks with increasing chromium concentration. The results indicate that exposure to waterborne Cr induced toxic effects on growth, hematological parameters, plasma components, and stress indicators.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1633-1642
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• 2017

Objective: Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods: The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results: From $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2000년도 제29회 국제학술심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.28-28
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• 2000

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2017

In this study, using the surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produced at atmospheric pressure to improve the physiological activities of quercetin was investigated. Quercetin (at 200 ppm) was treated using air DBD with an input power of 250 W. The tyrosinase inhibition effect and total phenolic content of quercetin increased from 38.96 to 91.58% and from 134.53 to 152.93 ppm, respectively, after 20 min of plasma treatment. The antioxidant activity of quercetin treated for 20 min in the lipid models was higher than that of quercetin treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Furthermore, plasma-treated quercetin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas activity was not shown in the control. Structural modifications of the quercetin molecule induced by plasma might be responsible for the improvements in its physiological activity. These results indicate that DBD plasma could be used to enhance the physiological activity of quercetin for various applications in food.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2020

순환여과양식시스템(RAS)은 사육수를 여과하여 재사용하며 고밀도로 사육하는 양식 방법으로 수질관리 및 소독이 매우 중요하다. 병원체로 인한 질병 발생을 예방하고 수질 개선에 도움을 주기 위하여 최근 코로나 방전 플라즈마 처리수(plasma water, PW)를 이용한 사육수 소독법이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 플라즈마 발생장치를 설치한 순환여과시스템(처리구, PW system)과 설치하지 않은 순환여과시스템(대조구, No PW system)에서 40일 동안 틸라피아를 사육하면서 수질 변화 및 어체의 성장을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 10일 마다 물을 채수하여 UV 투과율과 일반 세균 수 변화를 측정하였고 틸라피아의 성장지표, 생존율 및 조직학적인 차이를 분석하였다. UV 투과율 실험 결과 처리구와 대조구는 실험 시작 시에(0일) 각각 74.1%, 74.8%를 나타냈으며, 40일째에 처리구는 91.8%로 증가한 반면 대조구는 65.2%로 감소하여 수중 유기물 감소 효과를 확인하였다. 일반 세균 수는 40일에 이르러 처리구(10^1.69 CFU/ml)에서 대조구(10^3.25 CFU/ml) 보다 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 틸라피아 성장차이 조사 결과 처리구는 대조구에 비해 총 증중량이 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 다른 성장지표도 처리구가 상대적으로 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었다(p>0.05). 또한 처리구는 100%의 생존율을 보였으며, 조직학적으로 대조구와 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 플라즈마 처리수는 순환여과양식시스템 내 어류의 성장과 건강에 해를 끼치지 않고 수질 개선에도 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 현장 적용 시에는 탈기수조의 설치 등 주의사항을 충분히 고려하여야 할 것이다.