• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cultivation conditions on the growth and glucosinolate content of Chinese cabbage and kale. Methods: Chinese cabbage and kale were grown in three different cultivation conditions, including a plant factory, greenhouse, and open field. Samples were collected at two harvesting times (10 d and 20 d after transplanting the seedlings). Nine growth parameters (plant height, plant width, number of leaves, petiole diameter, SPAD readout, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and plant weight) were measured immediately after harvesting, and the samples were freeze-dried and stored until the glucosinolate content was analyzed. Mean values of the growth parameters and glucosinolate contents were evaluated using Duncan's multiple range tests. Results: The results indicated that the plant parameters of the Chinese cabbage and kale were greater for plants grown in the plant factory and greenhouse. The plant height, width, and weight showed significant differences in the Duncan's multiple range tests at a 5% level. The plant factory also produced greater contents of most of the glucosinolates. Conclusions: Three different cultivation conditions significantly affected the growth and glucosinolate contents of Chinese cabbage and kale. Further study is necessary to investigate other functional components and different vegetable varieties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2006

Six-hundred bacterial strains from human milk and milk from Sahiwal cows, Holstein Friesian cows, and buffaloes were screened for their ability to suppress phytopathogenic fungi under in vitro conditions. A consortium of 3 strains, viz., Bacillus lentimorbus B-30486 (B-30486), B. subtilis B-30487 (B-30487), and B. lentimorbus B-30488 (B-30488), isolated from Sahiwal cow milk resulted in better biological control and plant-growth promotion than single-strain treatments. For commercial-scale production of a bioinoculant, the solid-state fermentation of sugarcane agro-industrial residues, i.e., molasses, press mud, and spent wash, using the consortium of B-30486, B-30487, and B-30488, resulted in a value-added product, useful for enhancing plant growth. The application of the consortium to sugarcane fields infested with Fusarium moniliforme and Colletotrichum falcatum resulted in a reduction of mortality and significantly higher (P=0.05) plant height, number of tillers, and cane girth when compared with the control. Furthermore, under field conditions, the treatment of sugarcane with the consortium resulted in significantly (P=0.05) greater plant growth compared with nonbacterized plants. Accordingly, this is the first report on the effective use of bacteria isolated from milk for biological control and enhancing plant growth under field conditions. Furthormore, a solid-state fermentation technology was developed that facilitates the economic utilization of agro-industrial residues for environmental conservation and improving plant and soil health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

In this paper, a closed hydroponics device was designed and fabricated to grow and harvest plants in a small space for safe consumption, which enables horticultural activities that are difficult to perform due to space constraints from urbanization. This device also aimed to minimize the air pollution of crops. To obtain data for the optimal growth conditions for crops in this intelligent plant-growing system, sensors were used to measure and control the growth conditions. To investigate the optimal growth conditions, blue lettuce and crown daisy were selected as representative crops. The growth rates were comparatively analyzed through four experiments for each plant. This hydroponics device was used to collect data on growth rates that are altered depending on cultivation conditions, which can then be used to study methods to control the growth rate of crops.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.458-466
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• 2017

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial blight, is a major threat to rice productivity. Here, we performed RNA-Seq based transcriptomic analysis of Xoo transcripts isolated under in planta growth (on both susceptible and resistant hosts) and in vitro culture conditions. Our in planta extraction method resulted in successful enrichment of Xoo cells and provided RNA samples of high quality. A total of 4,619 differentially expressed genes were identified between in planta and in vitro growth conditions. The majority of the differentially expressed genes identified under in planta growth conditions were related to the nutrient transport, protease activity, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity. Among them, over 1,300 differentially expressed genes were determined to be secretory, including 184 putative type III effectors that may be involved in Xoo pathogenicity. Expression pattern of some of these identified genes were further validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Taken together, these results provide a transcriptome overview of Xoo under in planta and in vitro growth conditions with a focus on its pathogenic processes, deepening our understanding of the behavior and pathogenicity of Xoo.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the optimal conditions for seedling growth in Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. which a endemic plant and can be development as ornamental plants. We sowed V. rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. seeds, and exposed the seedling was different treatment conditions. We varied soil type and fertilizer concentration, shading ratio, additional fertilizer concentration, pretreatment light exposure and collection time of seeds. We found that seedling growth was good in horticultural substrate (with no additional fertilizer), but mixed soils supplemented with fertilizer inhibited growth, regardless of the fertilizer concentration. In the 55% shading treatment, seedling growth was greater than in the non-shading treatment. High concentration addition of fertilizer (Hyponex) promoted plant growth, in terms of both plant length and fresh weight. Exposure of seeds to a red light-source prior to germination had a greater effect on seedling growth than exposure to other light sources. Seedlings exhibited better growth when grown from seed collected in 2018, rather than 2017.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2022

Modem agricultural production needs to provide sustainable management practices that are eco-friendly and low cost. Plant extracts are a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plant growth regulators. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effects of various plant extracts produced using different extraction methods on the vegetative growth of rice under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For this study, seventeen plant extracts were made from plant species such as leaves of M. arvense, C. asiatica, M. oleifera, V. radiata, V. unguiculate, P. guajava, A. vera, and A. tuberosum, aboveground plant parts of C. rotundus, M. sativa, and P. frutescens, roots of R. undulatum, tubers of A. sativum, leaves and stems of G. max (cv. Taegwang) as well as rice straw and hulls (cv. Hopyeong). As a test crop, we applied these extracts to rice plants. For the purpose of making our extracts, some plant materials and species were collected in fields and others were purchased from Chonnam Hanyaknonghyup Cooperation (South Korea). Leaves, roots, and aboveground plant parts of plant species were dried, ground, extracted (water, boiling water and ethanol) and fermented. Rice growth promotion effects were determined using plant extracts at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% concentrations under petri dish conditions. Seven selected plant extracts were applied to rice seeds with soil drench application or seedling at 3-4 leaf stages with soil and foliar applications under greenhouse conditions. For comparison with extracts, we used urea at 0.6%. Of the 17 water extracts used in this study, 10 extracts reduced rice growth, but the other 7 extracts (P. guajava, A. vera, A. tuberosum, M. sativa, A. sativum, and G. max) increased growth by 40-60% on compared to the control in Petri dish bioassay. Thus, these 7 extracts were selected for further study. Under greenhouse conditions, rice growth also increased by 20-40% when the same 7 extracts were applied to rice seeds using soil drench application. Furthermore, at the 3-4 leaf stage rice growth also increased 30-80% or 30-60% when the same 7 extracts were applied using soil and foliar applications. Overall, the 7 extracts produced higher rates of growth promotion when soil drench application was used than when foliar application was used. In the case of boiling water and ethanol extracts, rice growth increased only 20% in response to both soil drench and foliar application of the same 7 extracts. Rice growth promotion was greater when extracts were produced using water extraction method than boiling water and ethanol extraction methods. Most notably, the 7 water extracts used in this study produced higher rates of growth promotion than urea at 0.6% which is typically used for crop growth promotion. Overall, the 7 water extracts when applied using soil drenching method can be used as effective growth promotors of rice in organic agriculture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental information of growth response of interior landscape plants under a fluorescent lighting, a sunlight at indoor. Ficus elastica Roxb. vu. decora Hort, Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii', Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Mvell. Arg. 'Exalant' and Cordyline terminalis Kunth var. red edge Hort were examined under 100lux, 500lux, 1,000lux and 2,000lux light intensity consisted of fluorescent lighting and sunlight at indoor condition. Result of experiments are as follows; 1. A Ficus elastica Roxb. var. decora Hort plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status showed the best result under 2,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting in cases of all conditions. 2. A Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii' showed the best effective adaptations under law intensity among experimental plants. A Spathiphyllum 'Clevelandii', plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status showed the best result under 1,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting in cases of all conditions. 3. It need the best high establishment of fluorescent lighting among experimental plants for good plant growth. A Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Mvell. Arg. 'Exalant' plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. A plant growth status was better showed under high light intensity in case of same light source. A plant growth status showed the best result under 2,000lux light intensity of fluorescent lighting. 4. A Cordyline terminalis Kunth var. red edge Hort plant growth status was better showed under fluorescent lighting than sunlight. but, A plant growth status was better showed under $500lux\sim1,000lux$ than 2,000lux in cases of all intensity of fluorescent lighting. while, A plant growth status was better showed under $1,000lux\sim2,000lux$ in cases of all intensity of sunlight.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2014

In this study, bacterial strains were isolated from soils from 30 locations of Samcheok, Gangwon province. Of the isolated strains, seven showed potential plant growth promoting and antagonistic activities. Based on cultural and morphological characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these strains were identified as Paenibacillus species. All seven strains produced ammonia, cellulase, hydrocyanic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, phosphatase, and siderophores. They also inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in vitro. The seven Paenibacillus strains enhanced a range of growth parameters in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions, in comparison with non-inoculated control plants. Notably, treatment of tomato plants with one identified strain, P. polymyxa SC09-21, resulted in 80.0% suppression of fusarium crown and root rot under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth promoting and antifungal activity of P. polymyxa SC09-21 identified in this study highlight its potential suitability as a bioinoculant.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 1998

The growth of Phytolacca L. grown under three light regimes at three nutrient concentrations was analyzed. The effect of shading treatment on plnat growth was greater than that of nutrient treatment. Plant dry mass increased more than 5-fold during 21 days under 33% and 100% irradiances, whereas that was strongly reduced under 8% irradiance. Net assimilation rate decreased with plant growth irrespective of light and nutrient treatments, though the highest net assimilation rate was shown under 100% irradiance. Under 33% irradiance leaf area in plants supplied with nutrient solution increased to such extent as to compensate reduction in net assimilation rate, whic maintains almost identical growth rate with that under 100% irradiance. The relatonship between total plant nitrogen and leaf nitrogen content was dependent on the growth irradiance. Moreover, leaf nitrogen and specific leaf weight were also changed depending on the light and nutrient conditions. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the adaptive characteristics of Pokeberry plant to light and nutrient conditions may contribute to rapid extension of Pokeberry habital in Korea rocently.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2008

The legume-rhizobia symbiosis is an important source of plant growth and nitrogen fixation for many agricultural systems. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress on nitrogen fixation and growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.), which has antimutagenic activities against chemical mutagen, inoculated with R. leguminosarum bv. viciae cultured with additional plant-to-rhizobia signal compounds, naringenin (NA,15 uM), methyl-jasmonate (MJ, 50 uM) or both, under greenhouse conditions. Three salinity levels (0.6, 3.0 and $6.0\;dS\;m^{-1}$) were imposed at 3 days after transplanting and maintained through daily irrigations. Addition of signal compounds under non-stress and stress conditions increased dry weight, nodule numbers, leaf area and leaf greenness. The inducers increased photosynthetic rate under non-stress and stress conditions, by approximately 5-20% when compared to that of the non-induced control treatment. Under stress conditions, proline content was less in plants treated with plant-to-bacteria signals than the control, but phenol content was significantly increased, compared to that of the control. The study suggested that pre-incubation of bacterial cells with plant-to-bacteria signals could enhance pea growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and biomass under salinity stress conditions.