• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2002

The 'hands-on' craftsmanship of the 20th century has came and gone. Today, we are dealing with whole new, 'cerebral approach,' to concept and design with this new approach, design and function are very much dependant upon planning, sales, promotion, and the formative technique of the design industry. The innovative process of design constantly change as it reflects the needs and wants of society. It is and industry that constantly change as it reflects the needs and wants of society. It is and industry that constantly remakes and reshapes itself to suit current trend and outlook. The current idea being that consumers are looking for quality over quantity. Due to the 20th centuries dominant philosophy of functionalism, production intended to standardize the individual's purchasing choice. Aesthetic, or philosophic qualities played a second fiddle to the functional bias of a product, With production, Marketing, and research and development are integrated into the management process. This translates as good which include efficiency, quality, durability, and credibility an trademark and style. There is a definite 'post-modernist' movement and style in 21st century. Every possibility is available as the old boundaries of the 20th century are laid aside. There is a new, transformative quality to the current paradigm of design. The old "should" and "should not" of design no longerapplies. The integrated rative of design solves the usual disparity between aesthetic qualities and production. Design and profirability need not be stranger to one another. It can differentiate the image perceived of both enterprises and consumers by making use of integrated goods services. With an integrated system. both producers and designers win. While design gets full access to design in turn. All consumers make decisions based upon the evaluation of quality, service, and image ; even though it may not be a conscious decision to do so. Consumers are fully integrated human beings ; therefore producers who apply the new, integrated paradigmatic approach to concept, design, and production will reap the harvest of making a true relationship with individual buyer.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.477-492
• /
• 2003

The purposes of the study were to establish HACCP-based standards and guidelines for conducting a plan review to build, or renovate, hospital food service establishments, and ensure the safety of foodservice and reduce the risk of food borne illness. The scope of the study included suggestion for the planning of hospital foodservice facilities: layout, design, equipment and modeling. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The development of a foodservice facility plan based on the results of a survey, literature reviews and the results of interviews with foodservice managers from 9 general hospitals. This was composed of operational policies in foodservices, layout characteristics, space allocation, selection, design, specification standards for equipment and the construction principles of foodservice facilities. 2) Two foodservice facility models were developed, one for general hospitals with 900 beds (2,000 patients and 2,500 employee meals per day) and the other for general hospitals with 300 beds (600 patients and 650 employees meals per day). 3) The suggested kitchen space requirements for the foodservice facility models were 341.2 ㎡ (W 17,100mm x L 23,700mm) and 998.8㎡ (W 35,600mm x L 32,800mm) for the 300 and 900 beds hospitals, respectively, with both designs being rectangular. The space requirements for the equipment, in relation to the total operational area, in terms of ratios were 1:3.5 and 1:3.8 for the 300 and 900 beds hospitals, respectively. The recommended space allowances per bed for the developed foodservice facility models were 1.15 ㎡ and 1.11 ㎡ for the 300 and 900 beds hospitals, respectively, which were increased by more than 30% compared to those suggested in the precedent study, and considered appropriate for the implementation of the HACCP system. 4) The hospital foodservice facilities plans and models were developed based on the general sanitation standards, guidelines and the HACCP system, and included foodservice facility layout, product flow, physical separation between contaminated and sanitary areas, foodservice facility specifications with a 1/300 scale for a 300 bed, and a 1/400 scale for a 900 beds blueprint. 5) The main features of the developed foodservice facility plans and models were; physical separation between contaminated and sanitary areas to prevent cross contamination, product flow in one direction from the arrival of the raw material to the finished product, and separation of different work areas and the process of receiving & preparation of products, refrigeration & storage, cooking, assembly, cleaning & disinfection, employee areas and janitorial facilities. The proposed models from this study were presented as examples for those wanting to build, or renovate, their facility for the production of foods.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.76-81
• /
• 2024

Recently, agricultural methods are changing from experience-based agriculture to data-based agriculture. Changes in agricultural production due to the 4th Industrial Revolution are largely occurring in three areas: smart sensing and monitoring, smart analysis and planning, and smart control. In order to realize open-field smart agriculture, information on the physical and chemical properties of soil is essential. Conventional physicochemical measurements are conducted in a laboratory after collecting samples, which consumes a lot of cost, labor, and time, so they are quickly measured in the field. Measurement technology that can do this is urgently needed. In addition, a soil analysis system that can be carried and moved by the measurer and used in Korea's rice fields, fields, and facility houses is needed. To solve this problem, our goal is to develop and commercialize software that can collect soil samples and analyze the information. In this study, basic soil composition measurement was conducted using soil composition measurement sensors consisting of hardness measurement and electrode sensors. Through future research, we plan to develop a system that applies soil sampling using a CCD camera, ultrasonic sensor, and sampler. Therefore, we implemented a sensor and soil analysis UI that can measure and analyze the soil condition in real time, such as hardness measurement display using a load cell and moisture, PH, and EC measurement display using conductivity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2023

In the case of the construction industry, the relationship between process and cost should be appropriately distributed so that the finished product can be delivered at the minimum fee within the construction period. At that time, it should be considered the size of the bridge, the construction method, the environment and production capacity of the factory, and the transport distance. However, due to various reasons that occur during the construction period, problems such as construction delay, construction cost increase, and quality and reliability degradation occur. Therefore, a systematic and scientific construction technique and process management technology are needed to break away from the conventional method. The prefab(Pre-Fabrication) is a representative OSC (Off-Site Construction) method manufactured in a factory and constructed onsite. This study develops a resource and process plan optimization system for the process management of the Nodular girder, a prefab bridge girder. A simulation algorithm develops to automatically test various variables in the personnel equipment mobilization plan to derive the optimal value. And, the algorithm was applied to the Paju-Pocheon Expressway Construction (Section 3) Dohwa 4 Bridge under construction, and the results compare. Based on construction work standard product calculation, actual input manpower, equipment type, and quantity were applied to the Activity Card, and the amount of work by quantity counting, resource planning, and resource requirements was reflected. In the future, we plan to improve the accuracy of the program by applying forecasting techniques including various field data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.202-210
• /
• 2013

As incomes increase, interest in ocean leisure picks up. As a result, a lot of research and developments on hull form design and production of planing boats, mostly used for ocean leisure, are needed. Analysis in researches on resistance of planing boats shows that resistance characteristic of planing boats is different from resistance characteristic of general boats because the former is fast, and its wetted surface is very small. Using Savitsky formula widely used in the calculation of effective horse power in shipbuildingyards, and propulsion system and engine manufacturers, this study calculated total resistance of a research planing boat. Then it analyzed the flow characteristics of the planing boat through theoretical analysis and wind tunnel experiment, and computed air resistance and lift force by changes of speed and trim angle. It also compared and analyzed result of theoretical analysis and experiment of the ratio of air resistance to total resistance under variations of velocity and trim angle. When the study is used to estimate more accurate effective horse power, it is expected to remedy abuses of unnecessarily installing high-powered engine. As nature disasters due to abnormal changes of weather increase, interest in greenhouse gas grows. International Maritime Organization (IMO) legislated Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) to reduce ship greenhouse gas emissions. But this index will be applied to over 400 tons ships, small ships, emitting more greenhouse gases than larege ships per unit power, will dodge the regulations. Thus, this study indicated a problem by calculating greenhouse gas emissions of an ocean leisure planning boat (a small ship), and suggested the need for EEDI of small ships.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2012.10a
• /
• pp.119-120
• /
• 2012

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) developed S-100 standards as a framework for a variety of data and service for hydrography and a standard research is in process, including a next-generation electronic chart standard, for products and services based on this.The need for standard storage and utilization of navigation routes generated by ECDIS and navigation system using navigation planning features has emerged and a standard research based on S-100 standard has been performed. Route information standard is needed for interoperability among route information generated by a variety of navigation system and requires an examination for the possibility of applicability. In this research, route generation tools and standard-based generation and result of route information using these tools in order to examine the application of route information standards have been executed.In details, first, as a module capable of generating route information, a module that can store values in memory based on route information standards of S-100, second, a module that can store route information in the memory in XML form, third, it includes loading module for route information stored as XML.In this research, we verified normal generation of route information, storage of generated route information and loading functions through developing three modules.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2016

This article reports current status of micro fuel cell-combined heat and power (${\mu}FC$-CHP) systems which utilize both power and heat generated by fuel cells. There are several options for constructing CHP systems and among them, fuel cells are the most useful and their total energy efficiency combining heat and power can reach up to about 90%. Fuel cells are classified as five types based on the electrolyte, but the most suitable fuel cell types for the ${\mu}FC$-CHP system are proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems have several advantages such as decrease of the transmission-distribution loss, reduced costs of electricity due to distributed power generation, and environmental-friendliness owing to zero emission. The main drawback of the ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems is the high initial investment, however, it keeps decreasing as the technology development reduces production costs. Currently, Japan is the most leading country of the ${\mu}FC$-CHP market, however, Korea tries to expand the market by planning the deployment of 1 million units of ${\mu}FC$-CHP systems and governmental subsidiary supporting of half of the install price. In this report, integration technologies for connecting FC and CHP, and technology trends of leading countries are presented as well.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.58-75
• /
• 1988

1.Objectives of the Study It is a well known fact that a prompt and reliable data on demographic information is essential in a proper planning and evaluation of any program of national or community level. Especially vital statistics are an important demographic component among demographic information. Realizing the importance of vital statistics, the government has made some efforts for years to improve the vital registration system which has a close relationship with the production of vital statistics. However, it is still observed that there are some limitations in utilizing vital registration data due to considerable amount of vital events which are never registered and registered but not in time or inaccurately, even though vital registration system in Korea has sound legal basis. In this connection, the objectives of the study is as follows :(1) To examine some problems of the vital registration system in various aspects, (2) To make improvement programme of continuous Demographic Survey as a supplementary source of vital statistics, and (3) To find out some alternatives for making it possible to produce and utilize the reliable vital statistics by developing analytical methodologies on that. 2. Current Situation of Vital Registration System All the vital events, i.e. births, deaths, marriages and divorces, are to be registered in time under the Civil Registration Law, Statistics Law and Regulation on Vital Statstics as a duty of people. Some recent tendencies in each of recent registration are summarized as below: (1) The completeness of vital registration .Out of all births which are occurred during a year, around 75% of those compared to the estimates are registered in the year of occurrence. .In case of death registration, the percentage of registration in the year of occurrene has been gradually increased from 86.2% in the year of 1980, but it is still below the level of 90% compared to the estimates. .The percentage of registration for marriages and divorces in the year of occurrence out of total registered numbers was revealed to be 69% and 73% respectively in 1985. (2) Continuous Demographic Survey .It is a kind of sample survey for the purpose of producing reliable vital statistics which could not be provided by the vital registration. .It covers about 17, 000 sample households at national level and important information for vital events are collected in every month by 323 expertized enumerators who are regular staff of the government. .Although the result of the survey seems to be more reliable than of vital registration, the reliability of the data is still bellow the acceptable level if compared with relevant information from other sources such as population census or special surveys. 3. Problems of Vital Registration System There are four major obstacles in improving vital registration system in Korea; (1) In general, policy priority is not given on any programme of improving vital registration system. It is, therefore, very difficult to formulate comprehensive programme through having cooperation from related authorities and sufficient financial assistance. (2) In all the laws related and system itself, there is substantial degree of overlap and irrationality. Registration of each vital event is maintained according to several laws and regulation such as Civil Registration Law, Statistics Law, Resident Registration Law and Regulation on Vital Statistics. However they are mutually overlapped and overall supervision can not be done systematically due to lack of co-operation among the authorities concerned. (3) The administration of vital registration system seems to be working inefficiently, because of most of civil servants who are in charge of vital registration are lacking of conception on vital statistics and also there is a certain extent of regidity in handling the works. Therefore, they are doing their jobs in a passive way. (4) A substantial proportion of vital events occurred is not registered within the legal time limit (i.e. within one month after the occurrence in case of birth and death) or not registered forever. Some of social customs and superstitution seem to be the potential causes especially in case of births and deaths. 4. Recommendations for the Improvement of Vital Statistics (1) Reporting systems such as civil registration, vital statistics and resident registration should be integrated under the single law. Also, administrative supervision, personnel and budget with regard to the registration system should be under the control of a single ministry. (2) It is necessary to simplify the procedures and methods of reporting vital events, i.e., reducing number of sheets of the form, making corrections easily, reducing registration items, etc. (3) Continuous Demographic Survey as a supplementary source of vital registration should be improved and special ad-hoc surveys should be conducted wth regular interval. (4) In-depth analysis should be done using various sources of data on vital statistics. 5. Concluding Remarks From this study, we can notice that temporary campaign and motivation programs are not sufficient to improve the quality of vital statistics. Strong intentions and continuous efforts of the government are needed for the improvement of the vital registration system. Furthermore, most of the data collected through the registration are not properly analyzed and utilized, partly due to the lack of appreciation among high-level governmental officials of the need for vital statistics. It is, therefore, requested that long-term improvement programs of vital statistics be implemented with policy priority and continuous efforts be given to this purpose as a long-term goal of development in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 2004

There is a general agreement that the global social-economic system is undergoing fundamental changes, which can be explained in terms of the transformation of production system from the Fordism to Post-Fordism since the 1980s. These fundamental changes have resulted in the 'new urbanization' process in the most of large cities in the developed countries. The aim of this paper is to identify the 'new urbanization' process in a large city in Korea that is, Daejon. For the propose, this paper tries to examine and conceptualize empirically the changes of economic, political, social-cultural, and spatial aspects of Daejon metropolis in the respect of 'new urbanization'. The major findings of this essay are summarized as follows. First of all, Daejon economy has experienced new changes, that is the development of service economy and high tech industry. But the old industry still remain important in the urban economy. Secondly, in the political aspect, new civil movements flourish in the city, while the political power of Jaminlyeon, a pro-conservative and narrow-regionalism party, once dominated this region, has decreased its influence. Thirdly. the original CBD of Daejon has been declined while new (sub-)CBBs have emerging in Daejon spatial structures. In conclusion, we can find some clues of the new urbanization process in Daejon, but this process is still quite slow and somewhat different from those of large cities of the developed countries.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.131-146
• /
• 2004

The Purpose of this study is to suggest strategies for environmental education through the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject in a viewpoint of the clothing & textiles resources to resolve problems in the clothing life area. For this, this study was carried out through review of literature which is related with the consumption, the environmental problems, the environmental policies, and regulations of the government and new environmental technologies, of clothing & textiles industries and environmental education. The major findings of the study were as follows; 1) The environmental education system model in a viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was developed. This model system is consisted with interactions on school, government, industry, home and non-government organizations. Thus, the fact that Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject were the most effective subject to teaching the environmental education viewpoint of the Clothing & Textiles resources was confirmed. 2) The standards were analysed out to analyse the contents in the clothing area of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) Subject. It were consist of 4 factors and 12 elements under the factors: Awareness of clothing & textile resources(clothing consumption, production of clothing & textile and environmental problems). Planning and buying of clothing(planning, buying), Management of clothing(understand of textile. human body & environment, laundering and Environmental pollution, arrangement & conservation) Recycling & exhaust of clothing(contribution, redesign, recycling, exhaust) 3) Analysing the current Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject from the Environmental education in the clothing section, the environmental education related with clothing were taught the most in the middle school course, and environmental contents were concentrated in the recycling factors. but not so much on other factors. 4) After analysing the Practical Arts (TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject, the strategies were suggested for reinforcing the environmental education in the clothing of the Practical Arts(TechnologyㆍHome economics) subject.