• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.985-994
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• 2005

Recently, Environmental friendliness and sustainability become the main concern of residential area planning. This paper deals with the estimation indicator system for environmentally friendliness of residential areas. An interview survey was carried out for resident groups by the type of housing. 'Environmentally friendly residential site' is defined as 'A site of sustainable development with low undesirable impact on environment, friendliness to natural environments such as green areas and waters, and amenity, health & hygiene of residents' Totally, nineteen individual indicators, six categories and three principles(Low Impact, High Contact, Amenity & Health) were proposed as estimation indicator system. Residents showed high importance on principle of 'amenity & health'. Individual indicators such as 'garbage segregated collection', 'secure green areas' and 'cleanness of water and air' showed high weighting value by each principles. Satisfaction level of residents for individual indicators, such as 'garbage segregated collection', 'common gardens', and 'cleanness of residential areas', were comparatively high. By the result of factor analysis, the proposed model for indicator system was valid.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

A combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with $^{18}F$-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ($^{18}F$-FDG) and computed tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG-PET/CT) has increasingly become a widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and management of head and neck cancer. On the basis of both recent literature and our professional experience, we present a set of principles with pictorial illustrations and clinical applications of FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation and management planning of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. We feel that this paper will be of interest and will aid the learning of oral and maxillofacial radiology trainees and practitioners.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 1997

The primary purpose of this research is to scientifically investigate visual structure of Korean feng-shui at the level of village settlement. This study deals with Hahoi and Yangdong villages of which feng-shui is regarded highly fit to traditional feng-shui principles. Methodologically this research utilizes analytical tools of geographical information systems and statistical analysis methods, Visual structures of the villages'feng-shui are analyzed in terms of elevation, orientation, gradient of slope and relative dominance of visibility of major hills. A mathematical model is suggested to quantify facets of the villages'lung-shui with reference to slope trends. The quantitative analysis results indicate that both villages have good feng-shui. Hahoi village has an excellent feng-shui attributable to a near perfect harmony between water and terrain while Yangdong village has an effective feng-shui facet for conserving energy in terms of microclimate. Principles of fang-shui have potentials to be developed as a holistic planning and design language. Further in-depth research on feng-shui needed to accomplish this goal.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

The evolution of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been based on the discovery of X-rays, the inception of the Radon transform, and the development of X-ray digital data acquisition systems and computer technology. Unlike conventional X-ray imaging (general radiography), CT reconstructs cross-sectional anatomical images of the internal structures according to X-ray attenuation coefficients (approximate tissue density) for almost every region in the body. This article reviews the essential physical principles and technical aspects of the CT scanner, including several notable evolutions in CT technology that resulted in the emergence of helical, multidetector, cone beam, portable, dual-energy, and phase-contrast CT, in integrated imaging modalities, such as positron-emission-tomography-CT and single-photon-emission-computed-tomography-CT, and in clinical applications, including image acquisition parameters, CT angiography, image adjustment, versatile image visualizations, volumetric/surface rendering on a computer workstation, radiation treatment planning, and target localization in radiotherapy. The understanding of CT characteristics will provide more effective and accurate patient care in the fields of diagnostics and radiotherapy, and can lead to the improvement of image quality and the optimization of exposure doses.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2021

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) plays an important role in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning for patients with arterial disease. Contrast-enhanced (CE) MRA is fast and robust, offering hemodynamic information of arterial flow, but involves the risk of a side effect called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Various non-contrast-enhanced (NCE) MRA techniques have been developed by utilizing the fact that arterial blood is moving fast compared to background tissues. NCE MRA is completely free of any safety issues, but has different drawbacks for various approaches. This review article describes basic principles of CE and NCE MRA techniques with a focus on how to generate angiographic image contrast from a pulse sequence perspective. Advantages, pitfalls, and key applications are also discussed for each MRA method.

• 산업공학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2002

Two key data areas of the integrated production database in computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems are the product structure in the forms of bills of material(BOM) and the process structure in the forms of routings. The great majority of existing information systems regard the BOM and routing as two separate data entities, possibly with some degree of cross-referencing. This paper proposes new information structure called the bills of material and routings(BMR) that logically integrates the BOM and routings for the CIM systems in ship production. The characteristics of ship production are described as: 1) make-to-order production type, 2) combined manufacturing principles (workshop production and construction site production), 3) significant overlapping of design, planning and manufacturing, 4) very long order throughput time, 5) complex product structure and production process. The proposed BMR systematically manages ail parts and operations data needed ship production considering characteristics of ship production. Also, the BMR situated on the integrated production database more efficiently supports interface between engineering and production functions, and integrates a wide variety of functions within production such as production planning, process planning, operation scheduling, material planning, costing etc., and simplifies information flow between sub-systems in CIM systems.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.249-271
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• 2008

이 연구는 국가기록원의 기록정보서비스 전략계획의 방향을 제안하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 영국과 미국 국가보존기록관을 사례로 기록정보서비스를 위한 전략계획의 수립 구조, 주요내용, 전략의 원칙 등을 분석한 후 이를 토대로 세부 전략을 범주화하였다. 둘째, 사례 연구 및 국내 환경을 고려하여, 국가기록원 기록정보서비스의 전략목표를 제시하였고, 각 목표별로 실행전략을 제안하였다. 아울러 서비스전략을 실행할 때 고려해야 할 기본 원칙을 함께 제안하였다. 셋째, 전략 목표 및 세부전략별로 국가기록원의 서비스를 평가하고, 실행전략 수립 시 중점적으로 고려해야 할 원칙들을 제시하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is the practical application of landscape ecological indices to establishment of eco-village planning methodology. Planning an eco-village has to be carried out in the boundary of a small watershed that is defined by homogeneous ecological character. Because the small watershed is a landscape unit it can have unique ecological character. On this viewpoint, the spatial structure is analyzed by the ecological attributes of form, distribution arrangement and composition of the sub-landscape units. Among all of the sub-landscape units, a green tract of land is the main subject of the analyzing entity. Woodland or forest as a green tract of land is a source of biological species and materials. Therefore the ecological attributes of green patches are especially analyzed by landscape ecological indices. The selected landscape ecological indices are elongation, lobes, interior area ratio, convolution of perimeter and proximity of the green patches. These indices represent the state of ecological conditions and they will be the evaluation factors of the landscape ecological planning. These frameworks for landscape ecological planning apply to Obok and Ganggeum villages in Wanju-gun, Korea. A proposed planning was evaluated by the selected landscape ecological indices. Among the selected landscape ecological indices of green patches, perimeter convolution and proximity were increased. It means that the ecological condition of peen paches will be mon sound and green areas of the village will be expanded naturally. In addition to this connectivities among green patches will also be improved.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2017

본 연구는 미세먼지 문제가 심각한 중국 베이징시를 대상으로 최근 수행된 주요 녹화계획 사례를 선별하여 미세먼지 저감 차원에서 분석 비판하고, 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 주요 연구방법은 문헌고찰과 현장조사로 최근 학계에서 제시된 다양한 미세먼지 저감형 녹화계획에 대한 논문들을 종합적으로 검토하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 도로와 주거, 공장 등 3가지 유형별 미세먼지 저감형 녹화계획 원칙들을 도출하였다. 이러한 원칙들은 최근 베이징시에 조성된 3개의 녹화사례들을 미세먼지 저감의 효율성 차원에서 분석하는데 활용되었다. 본 연구의 사례연구 대상지는 베이징시 푸싱루와 푸륀 아파트 단지, 그리고 베이징 베치 후쿠다 다용도 자동차 공장으로, 이들의 녹화계획에 대한 분석은 현장 답사와 베이징시 원림국 공무원과의 인터뷰를 통해 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 미세먼지 노출량이 현저히 많은 푸싱루 도로와 푸륀 아파트단지, 그리고 베이징 베치 후쿠다 다용도 자동차 공장 사례들의 경우, 녹화계획 시 식생의 공간적 배치와 수종 선정이 미세먼지의 확산을 저감하는 데는 미흡한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서, 베이징시의 경우 향후 미세먼지 저감형 녹화계획 기본 원칙들을 바탕으로 바람길과 현장 여건에 맞도록 식물을 배치하고 미세먼지 저감 효과가 있는 수종을 선택하여 녹지를 보완하고 조성하는데 집중할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 미세먼지 저감을 위한 다양한 식재기법들과 수종 선정에 대한 광범위한 문헌 고찰을 바탕으로, 도로와 주거단지, 공장지역의 녹화계획에 대한 유용한 가이드라인을 도출하고, 이들의 적용 가능성과 문제점을 고찰한다는데 큰 의의가 있다. 향후 미세먼지 노출 우려가 높은 다른 유형의 토지이용에 대한 경험적 고찰과 이를 바탕으로 한 다양한 식생배치와 수종 선정에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.388-407
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• 1995

This study is (a) to describe the history of Total Quality Management (TQM) generated in the industry, health care service, and nursing society ; (b) to define the concept, total quality management including the definition of quality ; (C) to explain the each principle of TQM theory developed by main theorists, E. Deming, J. Juran, and B. Crosby ; (d) to give the examples related to TQM implementation at the health care organization ; and (e) to mention the extent to which the health care organizations are able to evaluate their cultural organization toward TQM and have had the way to measure the effect of TQM implementation. TQM referred to Continuous Quality Improvement(CQI), Quality Improvement(QI), and Total Quality Improvement(TQI), was not recognized by experts in the United States industry, but by economists in Japan until the end of the 1970's. However, the United States' government led to introduce the principles of TQM to general industry as well as health care service area so that TQM became a main philosophy to manage the organizations in health care service. TQM is a structured, systematic process for creating organization-wide participation in planning and implementing continuous improvement in quality. E. Deming established the "Chain reaction in Quality" and the fourteen point of TQM. The Chain reaction in quality is to describe the relationship among the reduction of waste, rework, and delay, quality improvement, customer satisfaction, and productivity. There are fourteen points to explain the principles of TQM by E. Deming. Juran defined the "Quality Trilogy" to improve the level of quality in any organization. Quality Trilogy has three steps such as quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement for implementing the TQM projects. Crosby describes his TQM theory by establishing "Four Absolutes" and "Fourteen steps in TQM" implementation. Until now, most healthcare organizations have made efforts to organize the TQM task team and to implement TQM principles with various issues. There are three priorities to select the TQM issues : High-volume, High-risk, and Problem-prone. However, there is no absolute, credible measurement yet to evaluate the effects of TQM implementation in health care organization regardless of the classification of health care organizations, geographical background, and social influence. Thus, developing the evaluation way in terms of TQM is the foremost task in health service area. The most important thing for TQM implementation in the organization is to settle up the concept, cultural transformation from traditional management toward quality.