• 터널과지하공간
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 화강암 내부의 미세균열 분포에 따른 이방성이 수압파쇄실험 결과에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 압력증가율을 일정하게 설정하여 수압파쇄실험을 수행한 결과, 원주방향(주입정 방향과 직교)으로 리프트면이 분포한 시료의 파쇄압력이 가장 낮게 측정되었고, 이는 미세균열의 밀도가 높기 때문이다. 수압파쇄실험과정에서 시료 내부의 변화가 발생하는 주입압력의 크기와 유체 주입속도의 변화 또한 결방향에 따라 분포한 미세균열의 밀도와 관계가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 유체주입속도를 일정하게 설정하여 수압파쇄실험을 수행하였을 경우, 상대적으로 미세균열의 밀도가 높은 리프트면이 원주방향으로 분포된 시료에서 주입압력증가율이 낮게 나타났고, 유체가 침투될 수 있는 균열망이 상대적으로 적게 형성된 그레인면 및 하드웨이면이 원주방향으로 분포된 시료에서는 압력증가율이 높게 나타났다. X-ray CT 촬영을 통해 시료 내부에 생성된 균열의 방향을 확인한 결과, 대부분의 시료에서 리프트면 혹은 그레인면과 평행한 방향으로 균열이 생성된 것을 확인하였고, 이는 암석 내에 상대적으로 미세균열의 밀도가 높아서 분리성이 크기 때문이다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2002

Interfacial cracks in a piezoelectric layer bonded to dissimilar elastic layers under the combined anti-plane mechanical shear and in-plane electrical leadings are considered. By using Fourier cosine transform, the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a singular integral equation which is solved numerically to determine the stress intensity factors. Numerical results for the effects of the material properties and layer geometries on the stress intensity factors are obtained.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.343-350
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• 1999

Orthotropic steel bridge decks are potentially liable to cause fatigue cracks due to weld defects, residual stresses, and in-plane or out-of-plane stresses. In particular, the cracks propagated through deckplate in longitudinal rib to deckplate joints occur at weld toe and weld root due to stress concentrations. Numerical parametric studies are performed to show the Influence of the parameters on the stress concentration at the connection between the longitudinal rib and the deckplate. The parameters include root gap, toe angle $\theta$, toe radius $\rho$, and weld penetration. This study provides a fundamental point for the improvement of fatigue resistance and the estimation of the fatigue crack propagation in wekded joint details.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2138-2144
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• 1993

An integral equation representation of cracks was presented which differs from well-known "dislocation layer" representation. In this new representation, the equations are written in terms of the displacement discontinuity across the crack surfaces rather than derivatives of the displacement-discontinuity. It was shown in that the new technique is well-suited to the treatment of kinked cracks. In the present paper, this integral equation representation is coupled to the direct boundary-element method for the treatment of finite bodies containing kinked cracks. The method is demonstrated for two-dimensional finite domains but extension to three-dimensional problems would appear to be possible. The resulting approach is shown to be simple, yet very accurate. accurate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

In this study, interaction of several interface cracks located between a functionally graded material (FGM) layer and an elastic layer under anti-plane deformation based on the distributed dislocation technique (DDT) is analyzed. The variation of the shear modulus of the functionally graded coating is modeled by an exponential and linear function along the thickness of the layer. The complex Fourier transform is applied to governing equation to derive a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy type kernel. These equations are solved by a numerical method to obtain the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the crack tips. The effects of non-homogeneity parameters for exponentially and linearly form of shear modulus, the thickness of the layers and the length of crack on the SIFs for several interface cracks are investigated. The results reveal that the magnitude of SIFs decrease with increasing of FG parameter and thickness of FGM layer. The values of SIFs for FGM layer with exponential form is less than the linear form.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2018

In this paper, the effect of matrix cracks on the buckling of a hybrid laminated plate is investigated. The plate is composed of carbon nanotube reinforced functionally graded (CNTR-FG) layers and conventional fiber reinforced composite (FRC) layers. Different distributions of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through the thickness of layers are considered. The cracks are modeled as aligned slit cracks across the ply thickness and transverse to the laminate plane, and the distribution of cracks is assumed statistically homogeneous corresponding to an average crack density. The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is employed to incorporate the effects of rotary inertia and transverse shear deformation, and the meshless kp-Ritz method is used to obtain the buckling solutions. Detailed parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effects of matrix crack density, CNTs distributions, CNT volume fraction, plate aspect ratio and plate length-to-thickness ratio, boundary conditions and number of layers on buckling behaviors of hybrid laminated plates containing CNTR-FG layers.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2005

A finite element method was used to simulate the wave propagation of laser-generated ultrasound and its interaction with surface breaking cracks in an elastic material. Thermoelastic laser line source on the material surface was approximated as a shear dipole and loaded as nodal forces in the plane-strain finite element (FE) model. The shear dipole- FE model was tested for the generation of ultrasound on the surface with no defect. The model was found to generate the Rayleigh surface wave. The model was then extended to examine the interaction of laser generated ultrasound with surface-breaking cracks of various depths. The crack-scattered waves were monitored to size the crack depth. The proposed model clearly reproduced the experimentally observed features that can be used to characterize the presence of surface-breaking cracks.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1326-1330
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• 2008

The failure mode of steel road wheels in a vehicle is cracks from ventilation hole through to contact plane on steel wheel's disc plate. But a number of cracks of Cornering Fatigue Limit Test is on contact plane near to wheel nut mounting area, even though it's satisfied with specified cycles. So this paper searches out causes to improve durability and reliability of C.F.T by uni-axial bending moment test. The verified cause is a "fretting" on contact area of steel wheel. In result, this paper suggests a solution to prevent a fretting by inserting a damping shim, 0.7mm between steel wheel contact areas. Therefore this paper makes it possible to move crack position of C.F.T in steel wheel from contact plane to vehicle's failure mode.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2006

In this paper, the scattering of harmonic elastic anti-plane shear waves by two collinear cracks in functionally graded materials is investigated by means of nonlocal theory. The traditional concepts of the non-local theory are extended to solve the fracture problem of functionally graded materials. To overcome the mathematical difficulties, a one-dimensional non-local kernel is used instead of a two-dimensional one for the anti-plane dynamic problem to obtain the stress field near the crack tips. To make the analysis tractable, it is assumed that the shear modulus and the material density vary exponentially with coordinate vertical to the crack. By use of the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with the help of a pair of triple integral equations, in which the unknown variable is the displacement on the crack surfaces. To solve the triple integral equations, the displacement on the crack surfaces is expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Unlike the classical elasticity solutions, it is found that no stress singularities are present at crack tips.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2009

Hoek-Brown 암석에서 응력에 의해 발생되는 균열의 전파특성을 수치해석적으로 분석하기 위한 기초연구로서 탄성균열의 균질화 기법이 제안되었다. 균열의 개시조건으로 Hoek-Brown 경험식이 이용되었고, 균열의 방향 탐색을 위해 임계면법이 이용되었다. 균열물질과 무결암으로 구성된 대표체적에 대해 체적평균 응력 및 변형률 개념을 적용하여 균열과 신선암의 역학적 특성을 균질화시킴으로써 등가 이방성매질의 구성관계식을 유도하였다. 제안된 균질화모델을 포트란 코드로 작성하여 상업유한요소 코드인 COSMOSM에 이식하였다. 제안된 수치해석모델의 적합성을 검증하기 위하여 2차원 평면변형률조건에서 수치 일축압축시험을 실시하였다. 모델 상하부 가압면의 구속조건을 달리한 2가지 해석모델을 선정하여 구속조건이 일축압축시험편의 변형 및 파단면 형성형태에 미치는 영향이 분석되었다. 균열의 균질화를 고려한 수치 일축압축시험 결과는 실제 실험에서 발생되는 형태와 유사한 변형거동 및 파단면 형성 특성을 잘 나타내었다.