• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2007

Extract of Japanese red pine needles has been used in Asia pacific regions since long periods believing its valuable properties as tonic and ability of curing diseases of unidentified symptoms. Some selective compounds present in the extract and their effects were analyzed. Carbohydrates and vitamin c were identified using HPLC; terpenoid compounds by GC-MS; anti-bacterial analysis by paper discs, plates count and gastrointestinal motility by whole cell patch clamp. The extract is a mixture of compounds therefore its diverse effect was expected. Self-fermentation in extract proceeds after spontaneous appearance of yeast strains without inoculation. Effects and composition of the extract vary with varying period of self-fermentation. Extract inhibits the growth of bacteria dose dependently exhibiting its antibacterial properties however effectiveness increases with increase in fermentation period. The extract also can modulate gastrointestinal motility in murine small intestine by modulating pace maker currents in ICC mediated through ATP sensitive potassium channel.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a critical transcription factor for maximal expression of many of the cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found that 12 plant extracts among 200 plants, namely, Forsythia koreana, Capsicum annuum L, Mentha arvenis, Duchesnea chrysantha, Morus alba, Saururus Chinenis (Lour) Baill, Pine needle, Zingiber mioga (Thunb.), Roscoe, Houttuynia, Prunus yedoenis, Sasa quelpaertenis, significantly inhibited LPS- induced NF-kappaB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, 12 plant extracts were found to have antioxidant activities in DPPH assay Therefore, we have attempted to determine whether 12 herbal extracts could inhibit the expression of cytokines possessing NF-kappaB promoter in their promoter regions. Consistently 12 herbal extracts inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF alpha and interleukin-8 (IL-8). These results show that 12 herbal extracts suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibition of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, we suggest that 12 herbal extracts can be used as a anti-inflammatory and soothing agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2004

Onion, licorice, abgelia root, Chinese date, pine needle, and mulberry leaf were used to extract functional components far onion complex drink. No differences were observed between water extraction at room temperature and methanol extraction in electron-donating ability (EDA), thiosulfinate content (TSC), and ascorbic acid content (AAC), whereas water extraction resulted in higher nitrite-scavenging ability at pH 1.2 and 3.0, and lower superoxide dismutase-like ability than methanol extraction. Level of water extracts prepared by hard-boiling for 3 hr at above $100^{\circ}C$ was higher in all functional abilities except TSC than those prepared at room temperature. Optimal conditions for water extraction and storage were $100-120^{\circ}C$ for 6 hr and low-temperature storage, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

This study was investigated to determine the antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf on microbial growth. The ethanol extract at the concentration of $250\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL\;and\;500\;\mu\textrm{g}/mL$ inhibited the growth of gram positive and gram negative food-borne disease bacteria for 40 hours in tryptic soy broth, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract from Quercus mongolica leaf was not affected by pH and heat treatment. The comparision between ethanol extract and commercially available preservatives on antimicrobial activity in food system was conducted. When the 0.1% ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf was added to pine needle drink and carrot juice, antimicrobial activity was similar to those of containing 0.05% benzoic acid and 0.5% grapefruit seed extract. Also addition of 2~3% ethanol extract to the soybean paste inhibited the microbial growth up to 7 week, comparable to the inhibition of 2% ethanol. Thus, this results indicate that the ethanol extract of Quercus mongolica leaf may be useful as natural antimicrobial agents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2006

As for red pepper seasoning oil (RPSO), seasoning oil (SO) and pine needle oil (PNO), various organic solvent extracts from rosemary powder and tocopherol are treated as control group. At this time, amounts that are treated were all 1,000 ppm. It was observed by AV (acid value), POV (peroxide value) and carbonyl compounds content of the stored samples during 3 months at 60${\pm}$2$^{\circ}C$ incubation. Tocopherol was shown to be pro-oxidant than the antioxidant in all seasoning oil samples. Icreasing effect of storage stability of chloroform/MeOH extract was the most superior one. Final result of icreasing effect of storage stability from the determinated data was as follows. The storage stability of solvent system by AV and POV analysis was in the increasing order of chloroform/MeOH extract> ethyl alcohol extract>hot water extract>ethyl acetate extract>acetone extract>none treating group> tocopherol treating group, POV was chloroform/MeOH extract>ethyl alcohol extract ${\geq}$ ethyl acetate extract> acetone extract ${\geq}$ hot water extract>none treating group>tocopherol treating group and by carbonyl compound content analysis was in the increasing order of chloroform/MeOH extract>ethyl acetate extract>ethyl alcohol extract>hot water extract>acetone extract>none treating group>tocopherol treating group.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.893-897
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• 2003

Prunus mume and Schizandra chinenis H-20 were found to have antibacterial properties against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli KCCM 11591, and P. aeruginosa KCTC 1750. Prunus mume and S. chinenis H-20 showed clear zones of $6{\sim}10\;mm$ for the microbes used, while jujube, Lycii fructus and pine needle showed clear zones of $0.1{\sim}1\;mm$. In the experiment on DNA action, S. chinenis H-20 completely inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli KCCM 11591 in the beginning of cultivation and even when added 5 hr after initiating cultivation. Moreover, as the microbes of about $l0^8$ cfu were shown by this test to have strong antibacterial power, they will most likely have an effect in vivo. Prunus mume and S. chinenis H-20 extracts were added to kochujang and fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 35 days. Prunus mume kochujang showed a sensory score of 4.29 (somewhat good), suggesting that Prunus mume can he utilized as a functional food ingredient.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2016

Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (P. densiflora) contains several phenolic compounds that exhibit biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihypertensive effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of P. densiflora on skin has rarely been reported. Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a commensal microbe that induces skin inflammation and is associated with several chronic disorders, such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, papillomatosis, and sepsis. The aim of our study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of P. densiflora needle extracts on skin health subjected to M. furfur-induced inflammation. The methanolic extract of the pine needles was partitioned into n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water layers. We measured the anti-inflammatory effects (in macrophages) as well as the antioxidant, antifungal, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of each of these layers. The antioxidant activity of the individual layers was in the order EtOAc layer > n-BuOH layer > water layer. Only the n-BuOH, EtOAc, and n-hexane layers showed antifungal activity. Additionally, all the layers possessed tyrosinase inhibition activity similar to that of ascorbic acid, which is used as a commercial control. The EtOAc layer was not cytotoxic toward the RAW 264.7 cell line. Interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels in M. furfur-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with the EtOAc layer were decreased markedly compared to those in cells treated with the other layers. Taken together, we believe that the needle extracts of P. densiflora have potential application as alternative anti-inflammatory agents or cosmetic material for skin health improvement.