• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 1999

A new antibiotic bead, CJ-40003 is a combination of three antibiotics, tobramycin, vancomycin and cefazolin embedded in bone cement, for the treatment of osteomyelitis. To evaluate the general pharmacological properties of CJ-40003, the effects of its active ingredients were investigated in mice, rats, dogs and isolated guinea pig ileum. The combination of three antibiotics (CA) did not affect general behavior, central nervous system, smooth muscles, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and respiratory system and water and electrolytes excretion when administered intravenously at the doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, respectively, into experimental animals. The CA had no effect on the contractile response of the isolated guinea pig ileum to various spasmogen at concentrations of 1, 3 and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the active ingredients of CJ-40003 showed no pharmacological effect in these studies.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.72-85
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• 1983

This presentation firstly is discussed the characteristics of estrus, the time of first postpartum estrus, and the relative accurate of various estrus detection aids and secondly discussed the abnormalities of estrus and ovarian function and its control by treatment of exogenous hormones in cattle and pig. Longer estrus cycles as well as the shorter than 18 day cycles showed the lowered conception rates as compared to the normal cycles of 18 to 25 days. Other characteristics of est겨s such as duration of estrus, intensity of estrus and time of estrus are reviewed to affect fertility. The first postpartum ovulation and estrus in cows usually occurs about 20 to 30 days and 40 to 50 days after parturition, respectively. Irregularities in estrus cycle length have been conducted during early postpartum period. In sows, weaning is followed by ovulation and estrus although there is some individual variation. The most common method of estrus detection is direct visual observation on standing estrus behavior, but various aids of estrus detection have been empolyed with varying degree of effectiveness. The results from heat detector devices are about as accurate as twice-daily observation(about 90%). The abnormal estrus can be classified into three types; irregular or continuous estrus, silent estrus and anestrus. Cystic ovarian disease, follicular cysts and luteal cysts, is a serious cause of reproductive failure in cattle and pig. The follicular cysts are much more common than luteal cysts and the incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle is higher than beef cattle and pig. The occurrences of ovarian cysts have been closely associated with levels of milk production, stages of postpartum period, nutritional levels and seasons. The luteal cysts and persistent corpora lutea are responsive to the luteolytic effects of the recently synthetic analogues of PGF2$\alpha$ in cows and sows and recently GnRH or LH-RH has been successfully used as a treatment for cows and sows with ovarian follicular cysts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2021

To analyze prevalence of mycotoxins, a total of 74 feedstuff samples were collected from silos (n=37) and hoppers (n=37) in nine pig farms. Six mycotoxins were tested with commercialized ELISA kits. All samples were contaminated with four or more mycotoxins. Zearalenone was detected in all of the tested samples. Ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol and H-2/HT-2 toxin were detected in more than 90% of the samples. And also, fumonisin was positive in 89.2% of the samples from the silos, 75.2% from the hoppers, respectively. On the other hand, aflatoxin was detected in about 40% of the samples. When the behavior of lactating sows was observed, possible mycotoxicosis was suspected. It was confirmed that their feedstuffs were contaminated with high levels of mycotoxins such as ochratoxin and T-2/HT-2 toxin. After cleaning the feedline, the clinical symptoms in sows suspected with mycotoxicosis were disappeared. Although mycotoxin concentration in most of the feedstuffs was below the acceptance level, these data indicate that what are required is more monitoring and continuous management for mycotoxins in pig feedstuffs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effects of mixing on the aggressive behavior of commercially housed pigs. The behavioral patterns of 36 groups of pigs (a total of 360 animals) were observed over 3 consecutive days directly after weaning ($25{\pm}1.2$ days of age), and 25 and 50 days later with the aid of video technology. Fight latency and total duration and frequency of fighting were significantly different among the age groups. The aggressive behaviors decreased in 75-day old pigs if compared to 25- and 50-day old animals. Moreover, dominance index (DI) was higher in 25-day old and lower in 75-day old pigs. A comparison of dominant (DI>0) and submissive (DI<0) pigs showed significant differences (p<0.05) for major aggressive behaviors in all age groups. Dominant pigs were involved in more aggressive interactions, had longer fights, and initiated more fights than submissive pigs. Post-mixing aggressive behavior was altered by previous experience of mixing. Aggressive behavior and DI are suitable methods for analyzing the effects of mixing on commercially housed growing pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.704-707
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• 2021

Pigs' aggressive behavior represents one of the common issues that occur inside pigpens and which harm pigs' health and welfare, resulting in a financial burden to farmers. Continuously monitoring several pigs for 24 hours to identify those behaviors manually is a very difficult task for pig caretakers. In this study, we propose a lightweight video-based approach for monitoring pigs' aggressive behavior that can be implemented even in small-scale farms. The proposed system receives sequences of frames extracted from an RGB video stream containing pigs and uses MnasNet with a DM value of 0.5 to extract image features from pigs' ROI identified by predefined annotations. These extracted features are then forwarded to a lightweight LSTM to learn temporal features and perform behavior recognition. The experimental results show that our proposed model achieved 0.92 in recall and F1-score with an execution time of 118.16 ms/sequence.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.319-326
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• 2016

Abnormal situation caused by aggressive behavior of pigs adversely affects the growth of pigs, and comes with an economic loss in intensive pigsties. Therefore, IT-based video surveillance system is needed to monitor the abnormal situations in pigsty continuously in order to minimize the economic demage. In this paper, we propose a new Kinect camera-based monitoring system for the detection of the individual pigs. The proposed system is characterized as follows. 1) The background subtraction method and depth-threshold are used to detect only standing-pigs in the Kinect-depth image. 2) The moving-pigs are labeled as regions of interest. 3) A contour method is proposed and applied to solve the touching-pigs problem in the Kinect-depth image. The experimental results with the depth videos obtained from a pig farm located in Sejong illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.6 no.1 s.17
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

This paper introduces the spring-mounted odometer system which maintains the correct contact with the pipe wall and measures the distance along the pipe. The odometer wheel is designed to keep contact to the pipelines inner wall and to generate fifty rectangular pulses per one turn(159.5681mm) during pigging. The pipeline has the defects in various types such as buckles, winkles, cracks, dents, welding point and so on. Specially girth welding points which exist each 12m of the pipeline, much affects the operational environment of the odometer. The measurement error of the distance along the pipe is accumulated, for the measurement error of wheel's circumference and the pipeline inner environment. So, this paper proposes the method for the error compensation based on the analysis of the odometer's behavior around the girth welding point of pipe. The experimental results show that developed odometer system can be used for the intelligent pig with good performances.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2006

The general pharmacological properties of GCSB-5, a herbal formulation consisting of 6 Oriental herbs(Ledebouriellae Radix, Achyranthis Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen and Eucommiae Cortex), were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. The administration of GCSB-5 had no effect on general behavior, and did not influence the central nervous system. Mean blood pressure, heat1 and respiratory rate and contractile response of the isolated guinea pig atrium were unaffected by the treatment of GCSB-5. Addition of GCSB-5 did not cause spontaneous relaxation and contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. And also, GCSB-5 had no effect on the gastrointestinal system and the blood system of the animals examined in this study. GCSB-5, at higher doses(1,000 and 3,000 mg/kg), increased the urinary excretion of electrolytes, however, the urine volume and pH in rats were unaffected. Taken together, these results indicate that GCSB-5 does not induce any adverse effects in experimental animals and is expected to have no significant general pharmacological activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.911-914
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• 2005

Soft tissue characterization and modeling based on living tissues has been investigated in order to provide a more realistic behavior in a virtual reality based surgical simulation. In this paper, we characterize the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of intra-abdominal organs using the data from in vivo animal experiments and inverse FE parameter estimation algorithm. In the assumptions of quasi-linear-viscoelastic theory, we estimated the nonlinear material parameters to provide a physically based simulation of tissue deformations. To calibrate the parameters to the experimental results, we developed a three dimensional FE model to simulate the forces at the indenter and an optimization program that updates new parameters and runs the simulation iteratively. The comparison between simulation and experimental behavior of pig intra abdominal soft tissue are presented to provide a validness of the tissue model using our approach.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.288-296
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• 2001

The behavior of declawed emus in a farm environment has not been described despite its importance in the husbandry and welfare of the emu. This study examined whether declawing of emus causes chronic pain resulting in permanent changes in the locomotor and general behavior of declawed yearling emus compared to emus not declawed. One group of 40 emus were declawed on the day of hatch by removing the distal phalangeal joint using a Lyon beak-trimming machine. Another group of 40 emus not declawed were the controls. Declawed emus one year of age were allocated to a paddock $250m{\times}125m$, while the control group was placed in an adjoining paddock of the same dimensions. One hour video records of individual emus from each treatment were made from 08:00 and 17:00 h over 2 periods; firstly when food and water was available and secondly during a period when food and water was not available after being withdrawn overnight. Inactive, ingestive, posture change, grooming, aggressive and locomotor behaviors were monitored from the videotape. There was no behavioral evidence to indicate loss of locomotor ability of declawed emus or to suggest declawed emus were suffering from severe chronic pain as indicated by declawed emus engaging in significantly more bouts (p<0.05) and time of searching (p<0.05). Declawed emus also engaged in less stereotype pacing (p<0.05) indicating they were under less stress and not as frustrated as control birds which engaged in more step pushing behavior (p<0.05). Modelling analysis showed that pecking behavior in birds was most closely related to foraging behavior. Birds subject to pecking attacks demonstrated higher levels of stereotype behavior presumably as a method to cope with stress. The behavioral evidence in this study would indicate that declawing does not compromise the locomotor ability of emus and has the benefit of improving the social structure in the groups by reducing stereotype behavior and aggression.