• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular targets and pathways of anti-inflammatory effects of Jakyakgamchotang with corydalis tuber (JC) using network pharmacology. Methods : The compounds in constituent herbal medicines of JC were searched in TCM systems pharmacology (TCMSP). Target gene informations of the components were collected using chemical-target interactions database provided by Pubchem. Afterwards, network analysis between compounds and inflammation-related target genes was performed using cytoscape. Go enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on inflammation-related targets using DAVID database. Results : 70 active compounds related to inflammation were identified, and 295 target genes related to the anti-inflammatory activity of the compound of JC were identified. In the Go biological process DB and KEGG pathway DB, "inflammatory response", "cellular response to lipopolysaccharide", "positive regulation of interleukin-6 production", and "positive regulation of protein kinase B. signaling", "positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade", "positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling", "negative regulation of apoptotic process", and "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway" were found to be mechanisms related to the anti-inflammatory effects related to the target genes of JC. The main compounds predicted to be involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of JC were quercetin, licochalcone B, (+)-catechin, kaempferol, and emodin. Conclusions : This study provides the molecular targets and potential pathways of JC on inflammation. It can be used as a basic data for using JC for various inflammatory disease in traditional korean medicine clinic.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2004

This paper reports on our development of a dual-mode transceiver for a CMOS high-rate Bluetooth system-onchip solution. The transceiver includes most of the radio building blocks such as an active complex filter, a Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) demodulator, a variable gain amplifier (VGA), a dc offset cancellation circuit, a quadrature local oscillator (LO) generator, and an RF front-end. It is designed for both the normal-rate Bluetooth with an instantaneous bit rate of 1 Mb/s and the high-rate Bluetooth of up to 12 Mb/s. The receiver employs a dualconversion combined with a baseband dual-path architecture for resolving many problems such as flicker noise, dc offset, and power consumption of the dual-mode system. The transceiver requires none of the external image-rejection and intermediate frequency (IF) channel filters by using an LO of 1.6 GHz and the fifth order onchip filters. The chip is fabricated on a $6.5-mm^{2}$ die using a standard $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Experimental results show an in-band image-rejection ratio of 40 dB, an IIP3 of -5 dBm, and a sensitivity of -77 dBm for the Bluetooth mode when the losses from the external components are compensated. It consumes 42 mA in receive ${\pi}/4-diffrential$ quadrature phase-shift keying $({\pi}/4-DQPSK)$ mode of 8 Mb/s, 35 mA in receive GFSK mode of 1 Mb/s, and 32 mA in transmit mode from a 2.5-V supply. These results indicate that the architecture and circuits are adaptable to the implementation of a low-cost, multi-mode, high-speed wireless personal area network.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2002

$Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(OTf)\;(OTf=CF_3SO_3^-)$ readily reacts with various amines to afford cationic amine complexes $[Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(amine)](OTf)\;(amine=NH_3,\;NHMe_2,\;NHC_4H_8,\;NH_2Ph,\;NH_2(Tol-p))$ in high yields. These complexes have been fully characterized by IR, $^1H-,\;^{19}F{^1H}-,\;and\;^{31}P{^1H}-NMR$ spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Reaction of $Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(OTf)$ with acrylonitrile quantitatively produced the ${\pi}$-olefinic complex $Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(CH_2=CHCN)](OTf)$ which is only stable in solution in the presence of acrylonitrile. Attempt at isolating this complex in the pure solid state was failed due to partial decomposition into $Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(OTf)$ The equilibrium constants $(K_{eq}=[Pt(PCP)-(NH_2R)^+][CH_2=CHCN]/[Pt(PCP)(CH_2=CHCN)^+][NH_2R]:\;[Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(CH_2=CHCN)]^++NH_2R{\rightleftarrows}[Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(NH_2R)]^++CH_2=CHCN=Ph,\;p-tolyl)$ were calculated to be 0.28 (for R = Ph) and 3.1 (R = p-tolyl) at $21^{\circ}C$. The relative stability of the ${\sigma}$-donor amine versus the ${\pi}$-olefinic acrylonitrile complex has been found largely dependent upon the amine-basicity $(pK_b)$, implicating that acrylonitrile practically competes with amine in the platinum coordination sphere. On the contrary to the formation of the acrylonitrile complex, no reaction of $Pt(2,6-(Cy_2PCH_2)_2C_6H_3)(OTf)$ with other olefins such as ethylene, styrene and methyl acrylate was observed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been used as a traditional oriental medicine to treat illness and to promote health for several thousand years in Eastern Asia. It is widely accepted that ginseng saponins, ginsenosides, are the major active ingredients responsible for Korean Red Ginseng's therapeutic activity against many kinds of illness. Although the crude saponin fraction (CSF) displayed antiplatelet activity, the molecular mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. Methods: The platelet aggregation was induced by collagen, the ligand of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}{\beta}_I$ and glycoprotein VI. The crude saponin's effects on granule secretion [e.g., calcium ion mobilization and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release] were determined. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38 MAPK, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt was analyzed by immunoblotting. In addition, the activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}b{\beta}_{III}$ was examined by fluorocytometry. Results: CSF strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release in a concentration-dependent manner. It also markedly suppressed $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. Immunoblotting assay revealed that CSF significantly suppressed ERK1/2, p38, JNK, PI3K, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, our fraction strongly inhibited the fibrinogen binding to integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$. Conclusion: Our present data suggest that CSF may have a strong antiplatelet property and it can be considered as a candidate with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders involving abnormal platelet function.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent living condition improvements, changes in dietary habits, and reductions in physical activity are contributing to an increase in metabolic syndrome symptoms including diabetes and obesity. Through such societal developments, humankind is continuously exposed to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, and the number of the victims is increasing. This study investigated Cordyceps militaris water extract (CMW)-induced glucose uptake in HepG2 cells and the effect of CMW treatment on glucose metabolism. MATERIALS/METHODS: Colorimetric assay kits were used to determine the glucokinase (GK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities, glucose uptake, and glycogen content. Either RT-PCR or western blot analysis was performed for quantitation of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha ($HNF-1{\alpha}$), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, GK, PDH, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK-3{\beta}$) expression levels. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of acarbose and CMW were evaluated by absorbance measurement. RESULTS: CMW induced glucose uptake in HepG2 cells by increasing GLUT2 through $HNF-1{\alpha}$ expression stimulation. Glucose in the cells increased the CMW-induced phosphorylation of AMPK. In turn, glycolysis was stimulated, and glyconeogenesis was inhibited. Furthermore, by studying the mechanism of action of PI3k, Akt, and $GSK-3{\beta}$, and measuring glycogen content, the study confirmed that the glucose was stored in the liver as glycogen. Finally, CMW resulted in a higher level of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity than that from acarbose. CONCLUSION: CMW induced the uptake of glucose into HepG2 cells, as well, it induced metabolism of the absorbed glucose. It is concluded that CMW is a candidate or potential use in diabetes prevention and treatment.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1997

The objectives of the present study were improvements in the efficiency of developmental rates to morula and blastocyst stages to produce a large number of genetically identical nuclear transplant embryos. The oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured for 24 h and then enucleated and cultured to allow cytoplasmic maturation and gain activation competence. And then the donor embryos were treated for 12 h with 10 $\pi$g /ml nocodazole and 7.5 $\pi$g /ml cytochalasin B to synchronize the cell cycle stage at 26 h after the onset of culture. The blastomeres were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated nocytes and blastomeres and oocytes were fused by electrofusion. The cloned embryos were then cultured in various conditions to allow further development. The age of the recipient(30 vs 40 h) had no significant effect on the fusion rates(82.4 vs 82.1%) and the developmental rates to morula /blastocyst(9.8 vs 11.0%). Effect of Nocodazole treatment on the donor cell cyle synchronization to improve the developmental rates of bovine nuclear transplant embryos was significantly higher than control group(21.4 vs 10.1%, p<0.05). Significant differences were in the percentage of fusion rates(72.9,77.1vs 61.9%) in three types of fusion medium(PBS(+), mannitol and sucrose, p<0.01). The developmental rates of bovine nuclear transplant embryos appeared to be highest in mSOF medium under 5% 0$_2$ condition, but no significant differences were found when compared with TCM199-BOEC and mSOF under two different oxygen ratio(5 and 20%).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2013

A protease inhibitor from fish eggs was fractionated using chromatographic methods. The fractionation efficiency was evaluated in terms of specific inhibitory activity (SIA, U/mg), purity (fold), total inhibitory activity (TIA, U), and recovery (%). The protease inhibitor (PI) from egg extracts of skipjack tuna (ST Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (YT Thunnus albacares) and Alaska pollock (AP Theragra chalcogramma) was fractionated using Sephadex G-50 gel filtration and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B anion exchange chromatography based on protein size exclusion and net charge, respectively. Fractions exhibiting strong inhibitory activity were contained in the 30-50 kDa fraction on gel filtration and in the range of 0.4-0.7 M NaCl gradient fraction on anion exchange chromatography. The respective TIA and percent recovery of the fraction obtained with gel filtration toward trypsin and $N{\alpha}$-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) were 2,758.7 U and 29.6% for ST, 1,005.5 U and 25.6% for YT, and 1,267.5 U and 26.0% for AP. Gel filtration chromatography was more effective at fractionating PI than using ion exchange chromatography. These results suggest that fish eggs act as serine protease inhibitors and might be useful for protease inhibition in foodstuffs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2012

FGF-2 is involved in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in a wide variety of cells. FRGRs, PI3K and MAP kinases are well known mediators of FGF signaling. Despite its known roles during many developmental processes, including osteogenesis, there are few known targets of FGF-2. In the present study, we identified Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL as two prominent targets involved in promoting cell survival. Pretreatment of ATDC5 cells with FGF-2 increased cell survival, while siRNAs specific for Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL compromised the anti-apoptotic effect of FGF-2, sensitized the cells to apoptosis triggered by TNF-${\alpha}$. Chemical inhibition of FGFR, NFkB, and PI3K activity by PD173074, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and LY294002 respectively abrogated the FGF-2-mediated induction of Bcl2-A1 and Bcl-xL expression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that a subset of Bcl2 family proteins are the targets of FGF-2 signaling that promotes the survival of ATDC5 cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6491-6499
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• 2015

Background: Red-fleshed sweet orange juice (ROJ) comes from a new variety of citrus cultivated in Brazil that contains high levels of ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, and similar amounts of hesperidin (HSP) and nutrients, equivalently to blond orange juice (BOJ). Such bioactive compounds are associated with chemopreventive actions in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion after BOJ, ROJ, and HSP treatment of a novel T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Loucy. Materials and Methods: Loucy cells were incubated for 24-h with BOJ, ROJ, and HSP, and the viability was measured using trypan blue. Cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, respectively. Secretion of cytokines $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL1-{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, $IFN{\gamma}$, $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}$, $MIP{\alpha}$, and $MIP{\beta}$ was determined by ELISA array. Results: BOJ and ROJ treatments promoted Loucy cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, BOJ induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and decreased the cell accumulation in the G2/M. ROJ decreased only the G0/G1 fraction, while HSP did not change the cell cycle. BOJ led to apoptosis in a different fashion of ROJ, while the first treatment induced apoptosis by increase of late apoptosis and primary necrotic fractions, the second increased early and late apoptosis, and primary necrotic fraction compared to positive controls. HSP had no effect on apoptosis. IL-6 and IL-10 were abrogated by all treatments. Conclusions: Taking together, these results suggest potential chemopreventive effects of BOJ and ROJ on Loucy cells.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.443-447
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 shaded spodizer가 광학 디스크 시스템의 재생신호에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 동의 중앙에서 가장자리로 갈수록 진폭이 단조 감소하는 shaded spodizer와 진폭이 단조 증가하는 shaded spodizer를 스칼라 회절 이론을 사용하여 고려하였다. 또한 bump 형태 변화에 따른 재생 신호의 변화를 조사하기 위하여, 원통형, 준원추형, 그리고 원추형 bump를 고려하였으며, 이때 bump의 높이는 $\lambda/4$로서, 위상 높이가 $\pi$가 되도록 하였다. 동의 중앙에서 가장 자리로 갈수록 진폭이 단조 감소하는 shaded spodizer의 경우에는 bump 반경이 증가함에 따라 재생 신호가 증가하여 극대값을 가진 후 감소하는 경향이 나타났으며, 진폭이 단조 증가하는 shaded spodizer의 경우에는 bump 반경이 작은 영역과 큰 영역에서 극대값을 갖는 특성을 나타냈다. 도한 구면수차를 0.5λ 포함하는 광학 디스크 시스템의 경우 진폭이 단조 감소하는 shaded spodizer의 최대 재생 신호가 spodizer를 사용하지 않은 경우의 최대 재생 신호보다 크게 나타났다.