ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지

A Dual-Mode 2.4-GHz CMOS Transceiver for High-Rate Bluetooth Systems

  • Received : 2003.08.11
  • Published : 2004.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper reports on our development of a dual-mode transceiver for a CMOS high-rate Bluetooth system-onchip solution. The transceiver includes most of the radio building blocks such as an active complex filter, a Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK) demodulator, a variable gain amplifier (VGA), a dc offset cancellation circuit, a quadrature local oscillator (LO) generator, and an RF front-end. It is designed for both the normal-rate Bluetooth with an instantaneous bit rate of 1 Mb/s and the high-rate Bluetooth of up to 12 Mb/s. The receiver employs a dualconversion combined with a baseband dual-path architecture for resolving many problems such as flicker noise, dc offset, and power consumption of the dual-mode system. The transceiver requires none of the external image-rejection and intermediate frequency (IF) channel filters by using an LO of 1.6 GHz and the fifth order onchip filters. The chip is fabricated on a $6.5-mm^{2}$ die using a standard $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Experimental results show an in-band image-rejection ratio of 40 dB, an IIP3 of -5 dBm, and a sensitivity of -77 dBm for the Bluetooth mode when the losses from the external components are compensated. It consumes 42 mA in receive ${\pi}/4-diffrential$ quadrature phase-shift keying $({\pi}/4-DQPSK)$ mode of 8 Mb/s, 35 mA in receive GFSK mode of 1 Mb/s, and 32 mA in transmit mode from a 2.5-V supply. These results indicate that the architecture and circuits are adaptable to the implementation of a low-cost, multi-mode, high-speed wireless personal area network.

Keywords

References

  1. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.37 A 5-GHz CMOS Transceiver for IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN Systems Zargari, M.;Su, D.K.;Yue, C.P.;Rabii, S.;Weber, D.;Kaczynski, B.J.;Mehta, S.S.;Singh, K.;Mendis, S.;Wooley, B.A.
  2. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.38 A Low-Power 2.4-GHz Transmitter/Receiver CMOS IC Zolfaghari, A.;Razavi, B.
  3. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.36 A 2.4GHz CMOS Transceiver for Bluetooth Darabi, H.;Khorram, S.;Chien, E.;Pan, M.;Wu, S.;Moloudi, S.;Leete, J.C.;Rael, J.;Syed, M.;Lee, R.;Ibrahim, B.;Rofougaran, M.;Rofougaran, A.
  4. ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers A Direct-Conversion Single-Chip Radio-Modem for Bluetooth Chang, G.;Jansson, L.;Wang, K.;Grilo, J.;Montemayor, R.;Hull, C.;Lane, M.;Estrada, A.X.;Anderson, M.;Galton, I.;Kishore, S.V.
  5. IEEE RFIC Symposium 5-GHz and 2.4-GHz Dual-Band RF-Transceiver for WLAN 802.11a/b/g Applications Klepser, B.;Punzenberger, M.;Ruhlicke, T.;Zannoth, M.
  6. ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers A Zero-IF Single-Chip Transceiver for up to 22Mb/s QPSK 802.11b Wireless LAN Stroet, P.M.;Mohindra, R.;Hahn, S.;Schuur, A.;Riou, E.
  7. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.38 no.10 A Low Power CMOS Bluetooth RF Transceiver with a Digital Offset Canceling DLL-Based GFSK Demodulator Byun, S.;Park, C.H.;Song, Y.;Wang, S.;Conroy, C.S.G.;Kim, B.
  8. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques v.49 A Low-IF RX Two-Point ${\Sigma}{\Delta}-Modulation$ TX CMOS Single-Chip Bluetooth Solution Durdodt, C.;Friedrich, M.;Grewing, C.;Hammes, M.;Hanke, A.;Heinen, S.;Oehm, J.;Pham-Stabner, D.;Seippel, D.;Theil, D.;Van Waasen, S.;Wagner, E.
  9. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.38 A 3-V, $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS Bluetooth Receiver IC Sheng, W.;Xia, B.;Emira, A.;Xin, C.;Valero-Lopez, A.Y.;Moon, S.T.;Sanchez-Sinencio, E.
  10. Proc. IEEE VLSI Circuits Symp. A Single-Chip 2.4 GHz Direct-Conversion CMOS Transceiver with GFSK Modem for Bluetooth Application Lee, S.W.;Lee, K.Y.;Song, E.;Jung, Y.J.;Jeong, H.;Kim, J.M.;Lim, H.J.;Lee, J.W.;Park, J.;Lee, K.;Chae, S.I.;Jeong, D.K.;Kim, W.
  11. ISSCC Digest of Technical Papers v.1 A 2.4GHz Dual-Mode $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS Transceiver for Bluetooth and 802.11b Cho, T.;Kang, D.;Dow, S.;Heng, C.H.;Song, B.S.
  12. Proc. ESSCIRC. A Dual-Mode Direct-Conversion CMOS Transceiver for Bluetooth and 802.11b Jung, Y.J.;Jeong, H.;Song, E.;Lee, J.;Lee, S.W.;Seo, D.;Song, I.;Jung, S.;Park, J.;Jeong, D.K.;Kim, W.
  13. Specification of the Bluetooth System Bluetooth, I.I.
  14. Bluetooth 2.0, PHY Draft Specification Bluetooth SIG Radio Working Group
  15. ETRI J. v.19 no.3 CDMA Mobile System Overview: Introduction, Background, and System Concepts Han, Y.;Bahk, H.G.;Yang, S.
  16. The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits Lee, T.H.
  17. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.36 A Single-Chip 2.4-GHz Direct-Conversion CMOS Receiver for Wireless Local Loop Using Multiphase Reduced Frequency Conversion Technique Lee, K.;Park, J.;Lee, J.W.;Lee, S.W.;Huh, H.K.;Jeong, D.K.;Kim, W.
  18. A Design Methology for Highly-Integrated Low-Power Receivers for Wireless Communications Yee, D.G.W.
  19. ETRI J. v.21 no.4 Thick Metal CMOS Technology on High Resistivity Substrate and Its Application to Monolithic L-Band CMOS LNAs Kim, C.S.;Park, M.;Kim, C.H.;Yu, H.K.;Cho, H.
  20. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Syst. II v.45 Low-IF Topologies for High-Performance Analog Front Ends of Fully Integrated Receivers Crols, J.;Steyaert, M.S.J.
  21. IEEE Trans. Comm. v.38 no.11 Performance of a Quadricorrelator Driven by Modulated Signals D'andrea, A.N.;Mengali, U.
  22. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.38 Demodulators for a Zero-IF Bluetooth Receiver Samadian, S.;Hayashi, R.;Abidi, A.A.
  23. IEEE Int. Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications A Burst GFSK-Modem for Wireless LAN Systems Matsuyama, K.;Yoshioka, S.;Shimizu, M.;Aoki, N.;Tozawa, Y.
  24. IEE Electronics Lett. v.21 CMOS Triode Transconductor for Continuous-Time Active Integrated Filters Pennock, J.L.
  25. Proc. of IEEE CICC A 2 Vpp Linear Input-Range Fully Balanced CMOS Transconductor and Its Application to a 2.5 V 2.5 MHz Gm-C LPF Itakura, T.;Ueon, T.;Tanimoto, H.;Arai, T.
  26. IEEE Trans. Circuits and Syst. II v.45 On the Design of Constant Settling Time AGC Circuits Khoury, J.M.
  27. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits v.37 A Temperature-Stable CMOS Variable-Gain Amplifier with 80-dB Linearly Controlled Gain Range Yamaji, T.;Kanou, N.;Itakura, T.
  28. Proc. IEEE VLSI Circuits Symp. A CMOS Variable Gain Amplifier for a Wideband Wireless Receiver Tadjpour, S.;Behbahani, F.;Abidi, A.A.
  29. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II v.47 A 2.7-V Elliptical MOSFET-Only gmC-OTA Filter Lindfors, S.;Halonen, K.;Ismail, M.
  30. RF Microelectronics Razavi, B.