• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2020

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a very well-known traditional herbal medicine that has long been used to enhance the body's immunity. Because it is a type of ginseng, it is believed that wild simulated ginseng (WSG) also has immune-enhancing activity. However, study on the immune-enhancing activity of WSG is quite insufficient compared to ginseng. In this study, we evaluated immune-enhancing activity of WSG through macrophage activation to provide a scientific basis for the immune enhancing activity of WSG. WSG increased the production of immunomodulators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and activated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4 reduced the production of immunomodulators induced by WSG. WSG activated MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and inhibition of such signaling activation blocked WSG-mediated production of immunomodulators. In addition, activation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by WSG was reversed by TLR2 or TLR4 inhibition. Based on the results of this study, WSG is thought to activate macrophages through the production of immunomodulators and phagocytosis activation through TLR2/4-dependent MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, it is thought that WSG have the potential to be used as an agent for enhancing immunity.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.664-670
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• 2004

This paper presents a new velocity estimation strategy of a non-salient permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive without high frequency signal injection or special PWM pattern. This approach is based on the d-axis current regulator output voltage of the drive system that has the information of rotor position error. The rotor velocity can be estimated through a rotor position tracking PI controller that controls the position error to zero. For zero and low speed operation, PI controller gains of rotor position tracking controller have a variable structure according to the estimated rotor velocity. In order to boost the bandwidth of PI controller around zero speed, a loop recovery technique is applied to the control system. The proposed method only requires the flux linkage of permanent magnet and is insensitive to the parameter estimation error and variation. The designers can easily determine the possible operating range with a desired bandwidth and perform the vector control even at low speeds. The experimental results show the satisfactory operation of the proposed sensorless algorithm under rated load conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.925-942
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• 2016

We study the structure of rings whose principal right ideals contain a sort of two-sided ideals, introducing right ${\pi}$-duo as a generalization of (weakly) right duo rings. Abelian ${\pi}$-regular rings are ${\pi}$-duo, which is compared with the fact that Abelian regular rings are duo. For a right ${\pi}$-duo ring R, it is shown that every prime ideal of R is maximal if and only if R is a (strongly) ${\pi}$-regular ring with $J(R)=N_*(R)$. This result may be helpful to develop several well-known results related to pm rings (i.e., rings whose prime ideals are maximal). We also extend the right ${\pi}$-duo property to several kinds of ring which have roles in ring theory.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 1998

Capsicum pepper selections fro PI163192, PI241670, PI244670, PI271322, PI308787, PI322719, and PI369994 were confirmed to be non-hypersensitively resistant to race 3 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. A resistant cultivar,‘SR’, was shown to be hypersensitive. Four Koran local cultivars, a cytoplasmic male sterile line (A-line) and its maintainer (B-line) were highly susceptible. The resistant selections and cultivars were crossed with a male sterile A-line (Smsms) and fertility of their F1 hybrids was examined by observing he pollen production, testing pollen germination, and quantifying the amount of pollen produced per anther to identify the genotype interacting with the male sterile cytoplasm. The seven resistant PI selections turned out to be restorers (N(S)MsMs) and‘SR’to be a maintainer (Nmsms).

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.709-715
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• 1997

For a fibration (E,B,p) with fiber F and a fiber map f, we show that if the inclusion $i : F \to E$ has a left homotopy inverse, then $G^f_n(E,F)$ is isomorphic to $G^f_n(F,E) \oplus \pi_n(B)$. In particular, by taking f as the identity map on E we have $G_n(E,F)$ is isomorphic to $G_n(F) \oplus \pi_n(B)$.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2002

For a closed densely defined linear operator T on a Hilbert space H, let ${\prod}$ denote the function which corresponds to T, the orthogonal projection from $H{\oplus}H$ onto the graph of T. We extend some ordinary norm ineqralites comparing ${\parallel}{\Pi}(A)-{\Pi}(B){\parallel}$ and ${\parallel}A-B{\parallel}$ to the Schatten p-norm where A and B are bounded operators on H.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.130-135
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• 1999

The main scale of linear encoder greatly effects on the precision of displacement measurement. Especially when needing the long range measurement the length of main scale should be increased accordingly. In this paper we propose a linear encoder that uses laser interference pattern as main scale for long range measurement. The linear encoder is similar to Michelson interferometer excepting that the reference mirror is tilted so as to obtain interference fringe pattern and a grating panel is attached on a quadratic photo diodes. Four kinds of grating having phase difference of 0. $\pi$/4, $\pi$/2, 3$\pi$/4 are arranged on the panel. The experimental results show that signals of quadratic photo diode A, B, {{{{ {-}atop {A } }}}} and {{{{ {- } atop {B } }}}} are cosine wavelike and successive signals have phase difference of $\pi$/4 each other. So the proposed method can achieve improved measurement resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.279-279
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• 1994

Fibrinolytic proteases, piscivorase I (PI) and piscivorase II (PII), were isolated from Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (eastern cotonmouth moccasin) venom using gel filtration on Bio-Gel P100 and ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose. The molecular welghts of two proteases were approximately 23400 and 29000. Their isoelectric points 6.6 and 8.5, respectively. The partial amino acid sequences of PI were characterized by tryptic digestion. PI readily cleaves the A${\alpha}$-and B${\beta}$-chaln of fibronogen, but PII rapidly cleaves A${\alpha}$-chain and more slowly the B${\beta}$-chain, They were activated by Ca$\^$2+/, Mg$\^$2+/ and Ba$\^$2+/, but inhibited by Zn$\^$2+/, Cu$\^$2+/ and Mn$\^$2+/. Two enzymes were also inhibited by cysten, ${\beta}$-mercapto -ethanol, and by metal chelators such as EDTA and EGTA, but not by benzamidine, PMSF, soybean trypsin inhibitor and aprotinin. They did not act like thrombin, plasmin and kallikrein, using specific chromogenllc substrates. Two protease did not induce platelet aggregation. PI showed low hemorrhagic activity at dosage of 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.555-565
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• 2014

An ideal I of a ring R is strongly ${\pi}$-regular if for any $x{\in}I$ there exist $n{\in}\mathbb{N}$ and $y{\in}I$ such that $x^n=x^{n+1}y$. We prove that every strongly ${\pi}$-regular ideal of a ring is a B-ideal. An ideal I is periodic provided that for any $x{\in}I$ there exist two distinct m, $n{\in}\mathbb{N}$ such that $x^m=x^n$. Furthermore, we prove that an ideal I of a ring R is periodic if and only if I is strongly ${\pi}$-regular and for any $u{\in}U(I)$, $u^{-1}{\in}\mathbb{Z}[u]$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.170-174
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• 1999

The main scale of linear scale greatly affects on the precision of displacement measurement. Especially when needing the long range measurement, the length of main scale should be increased accordingly. In this paper, we propose a linear scale that uses laser interference pattern as main scale for long range measurement. The linear scale is similar to Michelson interferometer excepting that the reference mirror is tilted so as to obtain interference fringe pattern and a grating panel is attached on a quadratic photo diodes. Four kinds of grating having phase differences of 0, $\pi$ /4, $\pi$ /2, 3 $\pi$ /4 are arranged on the panel. The experimental results show that signals of - quadratic photo diode, A, B,$\overline{A}$ and $\overline{B}$ are cosine wavelike and successive signals have phase difference of $\pi$/4 each other. So the proposed method can achieve improved measurement resolution.