• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.196-201
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• 2006

Electroacupuncture(EA) is commonly used in various diseases. In the present study, the effect of EA in the allergic mouse model was examined. Allergy is generated via immunological mechanism and non-immunological mechanism. Mast cells activated dy those mechanisms get to release various substances such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandin, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4, IL-6, etc. which induce allergic reactions and the following inflammatory responses. To evaluate the anti-allergic effects of EA, mortality, ear swelling response, vascular permeability and cytokine secretion were investigated in EA group and non-EA group of which mice were compound 48/80-induced allergy model or PCA model. Compound 48/80 induces allergic reaction via non-immunological mechanism and PCA model is generated through the same mechanism with immediate-type(Type1) allergic reaction, one of immunological allergic reactions. EA inhibited compound 48/80-induced ear swelling response but did not inhibit the systemic anaphylaxis. EA also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) activated dy anti-dinitrophenol IgE. In addition, EA inhibited IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion from 48 h PCA in mice. These results indicate that EA may be used for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases, especially immediate-type(Type 1) allergy and non-immunologically mediated allergy.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2007

We investigated survival and osmolarity, oxygen consumption, amonia extetion and filtration rates associated with physiological responses of the tunicate Halocynthia roretzi salinity changes. Acclimation times for osmolatity in different salinities took $20{\sim}26$ hours in 60% SW (19.8 psu) and $20{\sim}25$ hours in 80% SW (26.4 psu), while their times took $7{\sim}8$ hours in 110% SW (36.3 psu). Accordingly, acclimation times for high salinities were faster than those for low salinities. Survival (%) was more than 80% at salinity over 26.4 psu, and 6 $days-LS_{50}$ was 25.4 psu. physiological responses such as oxygen consumption, amonia excretion and filtration rates of H. roretzi showed more clear reactions in the longer exposure period (four days after exposure) than that in the beginning of the exposure. To sum up the results, the tunicate might be stressed from the beginning of the exposure in low salinity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.397-403
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• 2015

Heavy metals reduce the photosynthetic efficiency and disrupt metabolic reactions in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, by replacing the metal ions in metalloproteins that use essential metal ions, such as Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe, as co-factors, heavy metals ultimately lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These, in turn, cause destruction of the cell membrane through lipid peroxidation, and eventually cause the plant to necrosis. Given the aforementioned factors, this study was aimed to understand the physiological responses of rice to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) toxicity and the effect of essential metal ions on homeostasis. In order to confirm the level of physiological inhibition caused by heavy metal toxicity, hydroponically grown rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) plants were exposed with $0-50{\mu}M$ cadmium (Cd, $CdCl_2$) and arsenic (As, $NaAsO_2$) at 3-leaf stage, and then investigated malondialdehyde (MDA) contents after 7 days of the treatment. With increasing concentrations of Cd and As, the MDA content in leaf blade and root increased with a consistent trend. At 14 days after treatment with $30{\mu}M$ Cd and As, plant height showed no significant difference between Cd and As, with an identical reduction. However, As caused a greater decline than Cd for shoot fresh weight, dry weight, and water content. The largest amounts of Cd and As were found in the roots and also observed a large amount of transport to the leaf sheath. Interestingly, in terms of Cd transfer to the shoot parts of the plant, it was only transported to upper leaf blades, and we did not detect any Cd in lower leaf blades. However, As was transferred to a greater level in lower leaf blades than in upper leaf blades. In the roots, Cd inhibited Zn absorption, while As inhibited Cu uptake. Furthermore, in the leaf sheath, while Cd and As treatments caused no change in Cu homeostasis, they had an antagonist effect on the absorption of Zn. Finally, in both upper and lower leaf blades, Cd and As toxicity was found to inhibit absorption of both Cu and Zn. Based on these results, it would be considered that heavy metal toxicity causes an increase in lipid peroxidation. This, in turn, leads to damage to the conductive tissue connecting the roots, leaf sheath, and leaf blades, which results in a reduction in water content and causes several physiological alterations. Furthermore, by disrupting homeostasis of the essential metal ions, Cu and Zn, this causes complete heavy metal toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2018

In this research, the psychological and physiological reactions of the driver were measured during winter to evaluate thermal comfort. The experiment was conducted using 3 different cases which are hot air heating, warm-wire seat heating and hot air & warm-wire seat heater operating simultaneously. With regard to psychological reaction, the warm-wire heating mode was the most preferred. The reason is that it is dry in other cases. With regard to EEG response, thermal comfort increased by 37% in warm air mode heating. In addition, when the warm-wire heating mode and the hot air & warm-wire heating mode were simultaneously operated, the thermal comfort continuously increased by between 17% and 20% for 20 minutes after boarding. Under the change of the autonomic nervous system, the thermal stress level increased by 23% after 15 minutes on board in the hot air heating mode and decreased continuously by 13% during the warm-wire seat heating mode. We recommended the hot air heating mode is only used for a short time to raise the inside temperature during the early boarding period and that warm-wire seat heating mode be actively utilized.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 2000

This study was determined protein reaction, antioxidative activity, nitrite scavening ability and antimicrobial activity of tannins isolated from astringent persimmon fruits. Tannins extracted from green persimmon fruits reacted highly with BSA(bovine serum albumin). Reactions between tannins and BSA were more active when contents of tannin were higher than that of BSA. Antioxidative abilities of green persimmon tannin were comparable to that of BHT(butylated hydroxytoluene). Green persimmon tannins exhibited remarkable nitrite-scavenging activity. Different antimicrobial activities of persimmon tannins were observed depending on the maturity. The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and E coil were highly inhibited by the addition of persimmon tannins. Tannins from soft persimmon did not have antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and S. typhimurium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.3 s.162
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• pp.343-350
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• 2007

This study compared and studied the clothing mobility of two types of aerobic clothes - those made of currently popular stretch materials and those made of new stretch materials that were specially developed for this study. The focus of the comparison was on the range of joint movement during activity, and the physiological burden imposed on the body by the clothes. In total, 18 experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in an artificial climatic chamber with a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, air humidity of $60{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and negligible air movement. Each exercise program consisted of a 30-minute of aerobic workout and a 20-minute rest following the exercise. Measurements were taken to determine the following: physiological reactions (whole-body and local sweat rates), subjective sensations(of temperature, humidity, comfort, tightness, and clothing wetness), joint angle(measured with a goniometer), and so on. The results of the study us as follows: Material B excels in clothing mobility. Material C excels in sweat absorbency and drying speed. Material A was found to be the hottest material, while material C was found to be slightly hot through the analysis of the change in pre- and post-exercise bodyweight(= amount of sweat). Regarding the amount of evaporated sweat, material A>material C>material B. Material B produced the smallest amount of evaporated sweat. The wider the range of joint movement, the smaller the amount of sweat and the lower the average skin temperature.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2017

Most of acidophiles are found in the various low pH environments and affect to metal cycle through oxidation and reduction reactions. The present study was carried out above 50 strains as acidophiles isolated from acidic soils of exhausted mine and Jeju Gotjawal. Finally, total 19 strains obtained and were tentatively identified based on comparative similarity analysis for 16S rRNA gene sequence and physiological characterizations. These isolates belonged to Gammaproteobacteria (6 strains), Actinobacteria (5 strains), Betaproteobacteria (4 strains), Alphaproteobacteria (2 strains), and Bacilli (2 strains). We observed that these isolates can grow under low pH culture condition. This case study for analysis physiological characterizations of indigenous microorganisms in acidic soil might provide basic information on useful application.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.199-203
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• 2002

Soft rot occurred severely in onion bulbs stored under low temperature ($5^{\circ}C$) in storage houses at Changyoung, Kyungnam province, Korea in early 2000. Water-soaking and yellowish-brown lesions initially appeared on the outside scales of diseased onion bulbs, gradually progressing into the inside scales. Among the bacterial isolates obtained from the lesions, K-2 isolate was found to be responsible for the disease, which grew at a temperature range of from $0^{\circ}C$ to $36^{\circ}C$ with optimum temperature of $00^{\circ}$-$33^{\circ}C$. However, it showed strong pathogenicity to onion bulbs at $25^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$ at 3 days and 2 months, respectively. The bacterium also caused soft rot on potato and showed hypersensitive reactions to tobacco and potato. The causal bacterium of onion soft rot was identified as Pseudomonas marginalis based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics including LOPAT, Soft rot in onion under low temperature storage caused by P. marginalis has not been previously reported.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the effect of difference in materials of aerobic wear on both human body's physiological reactions and subjective wearing sensation by comparing and analysing not only cotton sparidex A, B and C but nylon spandex D, E and F used as actually wearing materials. The rectal temperature of type A and I remained at high degree, the type C was higher from after high-speed running but dropped sharply when taking a break finally. Both skin temperature and mean skin temperature dropped sharply due to sweat occurred during physical exercise, and then rose slowly when taking a break. Type A -D and B-I showed that the mean skin temperature remained at high degree when wearing a cotton spandex. Type C's temperature within its aerobic wear was lower than type F while its relative humidity was higher than type F. Wearing sensation showed a change similar to wearing, particularly, which was remarkable in type B-E. Also, it was shown that humidity sensation, tactile sensation and comfort sensation were good when wearing the cotton spandex.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

Magnesium (Mg) plays an essential role in physiological and metabolic reactions. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the role of Mg deficiency, particularly the relationship between serum Mg value and inflammatory response. This study was designed to determine the relationship between serum Mg deficiency with inflammatory response, electrolytes and hematological alteration over long-term periods. Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: control (n=8), and Mg deficiency group (MgD group, n=8). Chow and normal water (tap water) were regularly provided to the control group and Mg-depleted chow and third distilled water were regularly provided for 60 days to the MgD group. Body weights, Serum Mg, $K^+$, inorganic phosphorus (IP) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels in the MgD group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Granulocyte fraction and MCV, RDW and PDW levels were higher, whereas lymphocyte fraction, erythrocyte, hemoglobin and MCHC levels were lower in the MgD group than in the control group (P<0.05). MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in the MgD group were greater than those of the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Mg deficiency over a long-term period had not altered total leukocyte concentration in the blood, but had detrimental effects, including disturbances of electrolytes balance, disturbance of iron indices, potential anemia and elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, further studies should be performed to determine the relationship between serum Mg deficiency and major organ damage or alteration.