• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.43-67
• /
• 1995

By making use of the EVA(Electroacupuncture acc. Voll) combined meridian theory of oriental medicine with electronics which was contrived to recognize the physiological and pathological changes of human body, the following conclusions were made in comparison with EAV measurements and types of symptoms(anxiety & headache, fatigue, palpitation, dizzness, abdominal distension, nausea, gastric distubance, constipation & diarrhea, fatty liver, CVA), QSCC, and blood type test. 367 patients including 124 with nervous gastrointestinal problems were selected for this research. 1. From the point of variance of the tested patients 124 nervous gastrointestinal patients, Liver meridian and Spleen meridian showed Hyperenergia and Large intestine meridian, Circulation meridian, Tripe warmer meridian showed hypoergia. 2. In each symptom as the nervous gastrointestinal symptom Liver Meridian showed hyperenergia, Large intestine meridian, Circulation meridian and Triple warmer meridian showed hypoergia. 3. In an objective Comparison with other symptoms, firstly among the headache & anxiety group left Gall Bladder, Triple warmer and Stomach meridian showed remarkable hypoergia, secondly among fatigue group showed hypoergia in Triple warmer meridian and hyperenergia of Stomach meridian, and thirdly among palpitation group showed hypoergia of Kidney meridian, and lastly among dizzness group showed hypoergia of Gall bladder, Stomach, Circulation and Small intestine meridian. 4. All of gastric distubance, nausea, abdominal distention, constipation and diarrhea group showed hyperenergia in Stomach meridian and spleen meridian, gastric disturbance group showed remarkably hypoergia in Circulation, Small intestine, Lung and Large intestine meridian, Nausea group showed hypoergia of large intestine, Constipation and diarrhea group showed hypoergia of Kidney and left Circulation meridian. 5. Fatty liver group showed hyperenergia of Liver meridian of 83.3%, Gall Bladder, stomach and Spleen meridian, Urinary bladder and Kidney meridian showed hypoergia. 6. CVA group showed hyperenergia in Liver and Corculation meridian. 7. Blood type in typical classification had on signigicant bearings on each other. 8. QSCC for the attempt of objective materials of constitutional diagnosis had no correlaticity in comparison with EAV measurements. In conclusion EAV is thought be used as a diagnostic method in oriental medicine and further research is needed regarding it can be used as useful method for verifying the characteristics and early finding of symptoms.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.155-167
• /
• 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of slow maxillary expansion (SME) on the dentoalveolar, skeletal, upper airway, and maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Twenty-three orthodontic patients (mean age 8.93 ± 1.61 years) who were treated with maxillary expansion using banded hyrax in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Jeonbuk National University Dental Hospital were included. According to the expansion speed applied, they were divided into two groups: SME (12 subjects, mean age 8.92 ± 1.45 years) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME, 11 subjects, mean age 8.94 ± 1.84 years). CBCT were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) the treatment and were analyzed with InVivo5 software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA, USA). Descriptive statistics showed no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, or skeletal maturity. There were significant increases in maxillary width at the dentoalveolar and skeletal levels for both groups. Upper airway volume revealed a significant increase of 38.59% in the SME group and 28.72% in the RME group. However, there was no significant difference between SME group and RME group in all measurements. This study suggested the efficacy of SME in growing patients. SME was effective in increasing not only dentoalveolar and skeletal measurements but also airway volume. Therefore, pediatric dentists should select an appropriate expansion method considering the physiological aspects of periodontal tissues and discomfort in growing children.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.41 no.12
• /
• pp.653-660
• /
• 1997

Silicone rubber-matrix membranes doped with tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TDTMACl) are used to enhance electrode performance for chloride measurements in physiological samples. The optimized membrane formulation incorporates 95.4 wt% silicone rubber and 4.6 wt% TDTMACl, and its pH response is negligible in the range of pH 6-10. The TDTMACl-doped silicone rubber membrane exhibits sub-Nernstian response to chloride from 10 to 300 mM (-37.5 mV/decade), but its selectivities for chloride over other anions are remarkably enhanced: KpotCl,NO3=1.3, KpotCl,I=2.0, KpotCl,Sal=0.8, KpotCl,SCN=2.0 and KpotCl,ClO4=0.8. Furthermore, since the silicone rubber-matrix membrane exhibits better adhesion to the solid surface than do PVC membranes, the lifetime of the coated-wire type membrane electrode is greatly improved. The response properties toward chloride and salicylate for solid-state sensor are not significantly changed after at least 35 days of use.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2003

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Seunggijoui-tang on the weight of obese rats induced by high fat diet. A series of experiments have been conducted in order to measure the effects of above the body weight, serum and fat cell. The measurements have been performed on; (1) the increasing amount of body weight; (2) the quantity of total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in serum; (3) the size of the epididymal fat cell and the fat drops area in hepatic lobule. In the SG I (Group fed high fat diet and administered 42.5mg/100g extract of Seunggijoui-tang during 8 weeks), the weight decreased significantly throughout the whole research period. In the SG I & SG II (Group fed high fat diet and administered 85mg/100g extract of Seunggijoui-tang during 8 weeks), the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid, phospholipid, LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG I, the serum free fatty acid decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG I & SG II, the serum HDL-cholesterol decreased in comparison with control group, but this result showed no efficacy. In the SG I, the epididymal fat cell decreased significantly in comparison with control group. In the SG II, the fat drops area in hepatic lobule of rats decreased significantly in comparison with control group. Based on the above result, it is assumed that the clinical application of Seunggijoui-tang can help the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2007

Although Traditional Korean Medicine had always referred to Mamok(痲木: Paresthesia) as the prodrome of stroke for a long time, yet there were only few research papers on it. Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between Mamok(痲木; Paresthesia) as the prodrome and an attack of stroke. Setting 509 Korean impatient women as the subject of research, 264 of the whole are stroke patients and 245 are non-stroke patients. Blood tests, questionnaires, and body measurements (height, weight, waist, hip) are performed to the subjects. Basic population traits, life-style, and past history are included in the contents of questionnaires. whether or not they have experience the numbness, description about the clinical characteristics of the symptom, the body parts which the symptom occurred, the onset of the symptom, and the incidences are examined in the category inquiring the numbness of the hand and foot. After adjusting for age, unilateral numbness was associated with significantly increased risk of stroke. When adjusted for other factors(Half of WHR, History of Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus, Cigarette smoking, Alcohol drinking, Education, Marital status, Regular exercise), the risk of stroke was positively associated with unilateral numbness.(Age Adjusted Odds Ratios=2.282(95%CI=1.107-4.705), Multivariate Odds Ratios=4.105(95% CI=1.233-13.671)) Whereas no significant association was observed in the onset and the incidence of unilateral numbness. This study suggest that preceding Mamok(痲木; paresthesia) before stroke attack is may be common prodrome symptoms of stroke. Prospective cohort study on the association between Mamok(痲木;Paresthesia) as the prodrome and an attack of stroke in Korean population will be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 1967

Determination of weekly and daily energy expenditure was made on 62 Republic of Korea Army cadets who were selected at random in order to estimate the weekly and daily ealorie expenditure. Basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.), and energy cost of various military and daily activities were measured by indirect calorimetry using open circuit method. Time-motion studies were also carried on using a stop-watch. The total weekly energy expenditure was calculated by summation of data using energy cost per minute, and the time spent on each activity. Determination of daily energy expenditure was deduced from each data of weekly energy expenditure. Food survey was also carried on for a week, and daily calorie intake was determined by a weekly average discounting loss in cooking. All measurements were determined from the Standard Table of Food Composition published by the Ministry of National Defense (1961). Following data were observed. 1. Physical status of cadets are as follows. Please note that the height and weight averages are 1-2cm and 4-5kg respectively over that of the Seoul National University students. First year Height 167.92 cm $(S.D.{\pm}4.09)$ Weight 61.72 kg $(S.D.{\pm}4.53)$ Second year Height 167.89 cm $(S.D.{\pm}3.46)$ Weight 63.01 kg $(S.D.{\pm}4.61)$ Third year Height 168.15 cm $(S.D.{\pm}4.24)$ Weight 43.48 kg $(S.D.{\pm}5.03)$ Fourth year Height 168.10 cm $(S.D.{\pm}3.70)$ Weight 64.02kg $(S.D.{\pm}5.10)$ 2. The B.M.R. of cadets averaged $36.57\;Cal./m^2/hr.(S.D.{\pm}3.63\;Cal./m^2/hr.)$ is almost equal with data on the same ages of civilians and the Japanese, but a lower average of $5.1\;Cal./m^2/hr.$ than that of a common soldier. 3. The energy expenditure during various military activities is close agreement with Consolazio. Passmore and Durnin, and Japanese reports.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.67 no.3
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we describe the development of a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on copper nanocubes(Cu NCs) electroplated laser induced graphene(LIG) electrodes which can detect a certain range of glucose concentrations. $CO_2$ laser equipment was used to form LIG electrodes on the PI film. This fabrication method allows easy control of the LIG electrode size and shape. The Cu NCs were electrochemically deposited on the LIG electrodes to improve electron transfer rates and thus enhancing electrocatalytic reaction with glucose. The average sheet resistances before and after electroplating were $15.6{\Omega}/{\Box}$ and $19.6{\Omega}/{\Box}$, respectively, which confirmed that copper nanocubes were formed on the laser induced graphene electrodes. The prepared electrode was used to measure the current according to glucose concentration using an electrochemical method. The LIG electrodes with Cu NCs demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity ($1643.31{\mu}A/mM{\cdot}cm^2$), good stability with a linear response to glucose ranging from 0.05 mM to 1 mM concentration, and a limit of detection of 0.05 mM. In order to verify that these electrodes can be used as flexible devices, the electrodes were bent to $30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $180^{\circ}$ and cyclic voltammetry measurements were taken while the electrodes were bent. The measured data showed that the peak voltage was almost constant at 0.42 V and the signal was stable even in the flexed condition. Therefore, it is concluded that these electrodes can be used in flexible sensors for detecting glucose in the physiological sample like saliva, tear or sweat.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.200-210
• /
• 2000

objective to ascertain whether the concept of the therapeutic side is associated with changes in the blind sport mapping that represents the brain function. design Physiological blind spot maps were used as an integer of brain activity before and after acupuncture needling on the meridian point Hapkok(合谷) and Techung(太衝) in the unilateral side decided by double-blind controlled study(20 subjects). setting outpatient clinic participants: adult volunteers intervention twenty subjects were divided into two comparative groups and underwent specific acupuncture therapy on the unilateral side. Blinded examiners obtained reproducible pre and post-acupuncture cortical maps, which were subjected to statistical analysis. main outcome measures Brain activity was demonstrated by reproducible circumferential measurements of cortical hemispheric blind spot maps before and after acupuncture on the unilateral side. in case of acupuncture needling on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged side of bilnd spot, there were reduction of blind spot in 7 cases of 10 subjects, and enlargement in 3 cases. in case of acupuncture needling on the contralateral side of the enlarged side of blind spot, there were enlargement of blind spot in 6 cases of 10 subjects, and reduction in 4 cases. results the significant changes in the blind spots before and after acupuncture were observed Acupuncture needlings on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of an enlarged cortical map were associated with the concept of the therapeutic side traditionally accepted in the oriental medical society. Acupuncture needling on the ipsilateral side of an enlarged blind spot map is associated with the reduction of map, and increaed contralateral cortical activity. Acupuncture needling on the side opposite an enlarged blind spot map is associated with the enlargement of map, and decreased cortical activity. conclusion Reproducible maps of cortical responses can be used to measure the neurological consequences of acupuncture needling. Acupuncture can affect the somatic sensory informations that reach to the contralateral thalamus, and so affect thalamic integration. we found that acupuncture therapy may be associated with an increase or a decrease in brain function depending on the side of acupuncture needling. thus, the traditional concept of the contralateral therapeutic theory in acupuncture approach has the clinical significance in the view of brain function.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.1170-1176
• /
• 2007

The conventional urodynamic monitoring is fulfilled by artificially filling a bladder with saline. Generally. it is difficult to evaluate the physiological functions of the storage and voiding of a bladder. With this aim, we constructed an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) system and proposed a novel method estimating abdominal pressure by measuring bio-impedance variations. Our system was clinically evaluated for 10 patients. It turned out to be that as the intensity of the abdomen contraction increased, the amplitude of bio-impedance signal and the RMS value of EMG increased more as compared to those who observed during the rest mode. Also, we determined the optimum electrode pair for estimating the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method and consequently compared with the conventional methods. Because impedance changes differ from a weight, a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified in terms of impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1,9) which could detect impedance changes due to the increase of the intensity in the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and $y=0.0014x^2+0.0620x+0.6958$, respectively. Thus, our system demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured noninvasively and conveniently by simply estimating bio-impedance values. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for the future studies involving the handy measurements of abdominal pressure with our suggested ambulatory urodynamics monitoring system.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.98-101
• /
• 2005

Gamgung-tang(GGT) that is included in Gamdu-tang(consists of Glycyrrhizae Radix, black beans) and Gunggui-tang(consists of Angelicae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma), showed therapeutic effects of autoimmume thyroiditis in the previous reports. GGT was tested for the safety using Rec assay and enzymatic methods. In the Rec assay, Bacillus subtilis H-17$(Rec^+)$ and M-45$(Rec^-)$ strains were used to test DNA damage activity. From the results, there was no DNA damage of GGT. Hepatotoxicity of GGT to female ICR mice was also monitored by the measurements of serum(s)-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities after oral feeding for 15 days. GGT was not shown any significant changes of s-GOT, s-GPT and LDH activities in mice sera.