• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.957-964
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• 2004

Herbal medicines are increasingly used to treat various diseases and lots of studies have been reported that they had benefits in treating and preventing of diseases. But organic toxicity is increasingly recognized as herbal medicines become more popular in industrialized countries. Some herbal products potentially benefit people with lots of diseases, however these benefits remain generally unproved in humans, and a greater awareness for potential adverse effects is required. A herb containing a wide variety of, mostly unknown, substances may well include some with unwanted effects. This review focuses on emerging organic toxicities that have been observed associated with various herbal preparations involving the liver, kidney, and heart, and patterns of organ injury, potential risk factors for organic toxicities. In addition to the potential for organic toxicities, drug drug interactions between herbal medicines and conventional agents may affect the efficacy and safety of concurrent medical therapy. Appropriate reporting and regulatory system to monitor herbal toxicity are required, in conjunction with ongoing scientific evaluation of the potential benefits of phytotherapy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.822-826
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• 2010

In order to validate the use of Faeces Trogopterori as an anti-inflammatory drug in the traditional Korean medicine, I have investigated the effect of water-soluble extract of F. Trogopterori (EFT) on the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), of which chemokine stimulates the migration of mononuclear cells, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The extract inhibited dose-dependently MCP-1 production without its cytotoxic effect on HUVECs, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and significantly decreased mRNA levels of MCP-1, as determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that F. Trogopterori may have therapeutic potential in the control of endothelial disorders caused by inflammation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2002

HM10411 is a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF) that has been developing as a drug for neutropenia. In this study, antigenic potential of HM10411 was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in guinea pigs and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pig-guinea pig system. HM10411 was subcutaneously administered at 0,5, and 50 mg/kg and also as a suspension with adjuvant (50 mg/kg+FCA). Ovalbumin (OVA) as a suspension with adjuvant was used to induce positive control responses. In the ASA test, no symptoms except urination and evacuation that were considered as physiological phenomena were observed at 0 and 5 mg/kg. Two of 5 animals at 50 mg/kg showed sneering, dyspnea, or cyanosis. All animals in the adjuvant mixture group showed severe symptoms of anaphylatic shock and 3 of them died. In the PCA test, no antibody against HM 10411 was detected in the sera from the animals sensitized with 0 or 5 mg/kg. Only 1 serum sample from the animals immunized with 50 mg/kg showed positive reaction against HM10411, while all 5 sera collected from the HM10411 and FCA mixture group contained the HM10411-specific antibodies. These results suggest HM10411 is considered to have antigenicity In guinea pig.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.365-368
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• 2008

Calcium entry through $Ca_v3.2Ca^{2+}$ channels plays essential roles for various physiological events including thalamic oscillation, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, and sperm acrosomal reaction. In this study, we examined how protein tyrosine phosphatases or protein tyrosine kinases affect $Ca_v3.2Ca^{2+}$ channels reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes. We found that $Ca_v3.2$ channel activity was reduced by 25% in response to phenylarsine oxide (tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor), whereas it was augmented by 19% in response to Tyr A47 or herbimycin A (tyrosine kinase inhibitors). However, other biophysical properties of $Ca_v3.2$ currents were not significantly changed by the drugs. These results imply that $Ca_v3.2$ channel activity is capable of being increased by activation of tyrosine phosphatases, but is decreased by activation of tyrosine kinases.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.11
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• pp.273-277
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• 1995

많은 생리적 지능 연구자들은 생체신호 또는 생리적 측정치들을 지능의 새로운 측정치로서 제안하고 있는데, 이들의 기본 가정은 현재의 지능검사는 교육, 가정의 양육태도, 부모의 사회경제적 지위와 같은 문화적 요인에 의해 크게 좌우되므로 지능의 편파적인 측정치가 될 수밖에 없고, 이러만 요인에 가장 적게 영향받는 생리적 측정치만이 순수한 지능 즉정치가 될 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 이러한 생리적 신호들 중 EOG(electro-oculograph)를 이용하여 안구의 움직임을 기록함으로서 피검자의 문제해결을 위한 집중력과 이해력 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 또한, 피검자의 정보처리과정을 알아보기 위해 반응시간(RT, reaction time)을 측정하였다. 17명의 건강한 남녀 학생들이 실험에 참여하였으며, 첫단계로 Raven's Advanced Matrices 검사와 IQ 검사를 실시하고, 검사 결과에 근거하여 각각을 세 그룹으로 나누었다. 두번째 단계로는 슬라이드로 제작된 도형유추과제를 푸는 동안 EOG와 RT를 측정하였다. IQ 검사 점수, RT, 그리고 EOG로부터 추출된 변수들 간의 상관관계를 구하기 위해 GLM(general linear model) 및 Duncan's multiple range test를 위한 통계분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과를 통하여 도형유추과제의 난이도가 높을수록 EOG변수들에 의한 지능점수의 분류능력이 높음을 알 수 있었으며, Raven그룹보다는 IQ그룹에 대한 분류가 더욱 잘 이루어졌음을 발견하였다. 그리고, RT는 Raven그룹과 IQ그룹 모두에서 높은 변별력을 나타내고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2002

A strain YB-4 producing the extracellular $\alpha$-galactosidase was isolated from soil, and has been identified as Streptomyces sp. on the basis of its cultural, morphological and physiological properties. The partially purified $\alpha$-galactosidase was most active on paranitrophenyl-$\alpha$-D-galactopyranoside at pH 6.0 and 6$0^{\circ}C$. The enzyme retained 90% of its maximum activity between pH 4.0 and pH 10.0 after pre-incubation for 1 h. The enzyme was able to hydrolyze oligomeric substrates such as melibiose, raffinose and stachyose to liberate galactose residue, indicating that the $\alpha$-galactosidase of Steptomyces sp. YB-4 hydrolyzed $\alpha$-1,6 linkage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1998

The determination of appropriate parameters and parameter conditions is very important for the optimization of production of target materials. Taguchi's method has been used widely as the basis for development trials and optimization during industrial process design. Reaction variables which influence product yield are easily determined and their effects are revealed by just a few reactions, negating the need for extensive experimental investigation. There are usually some factors that are responsible for variations in process characteristics, so called noise factors. Controlling noise factors is very costly and difficult or impossible. Taguchi's experimental design method was examined to determine the control factor's level that is less sensitive to the changes in environmental conditions and other noise factors without control of noise factors. In this study, optimization of lipase-catalyzed production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) which has various physiological functions was performed by Taguchi's method. We obtained LPA yields ($66.5\%$) with low variance (5.32) at 400 RPM, molar ratio of 40 : 3 (mol) (fatty acid: G-3-P), 48 h, and $50^{\circ}C$. Thus, bioactive LPA with a desired fatty acid moiety could be produced with high yields and low variance despite various environmental noise factors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.909-915
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• 2017

Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 (BGN4) has many proven beneficial effects, including antiallergy and anticancer properties. It has been commercialized and used in several probiotic products, and thus strain-specific identification of this strain is very valuable for further strain-dependent physiological study. For this purpose, we developed novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets for strain-specific detection of BGN4 in commercial products and fecal samples of animal models. The primer set was tested on seven strains of B. bifidum and 75 strains of the other Bifidobacterium species. The BGN4-specific regions were derived using megaBLAST against genome sequences of various B. bifidum databases and four sets of primers were designed. As a result, only BGN4 produced four PCR products simultaneously whereas the other strains did not. The PCR detection limit using BGN4-specific primer sets was $2.8{\times}10^1CFU/ml$ of BGN4. Those primer sets also detected and identified BGN4 in the probiotic products containing BNG4 and fecal samples from a BGN4-fed animal model with high specificity. Our results indicate that the PCR assay from this study is an efficient tool for the simple, rapid, and reliable identification of BGN4, for which probiotic strains are known.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2004

The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, O-J-I-P transients and psbA gene expression were investigated in the leaves of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum on the natural condition in winter, in order to elucidate physiological responses of photosystem II (PS II) activity to winter stresses. The photochemical efficiencies of PS II, Fv/Fm, were significantly low in winter, contrary to its high value in summer. The values of I -qN and I-qP were lower in midday than at dawn or night both in summer and winter, although their decrease in midday was less in winter than in summer. In the O-J-I-P transients, the fluorescence intensity of J, I, P-step decreased remarkably depending on temperature drop in winter. And the D I reaction center protein of PS II decreased in late winter more than in early winter, concomitantly with relatively high content of description products of psbA gene in midday. These results indicate that low temperature in winter causes irreversible damage to PS II and subsequently leads to cell death.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 1991

Review of literature on the symptoms of sweat. According to comparative studies of oriental and occidental medical literature on the symptoms of sweat, following results were obtained. 1. oriental medicine 1) time: ja han (自汗), do han (盜汗) 2) body : du han (頭汗), su jog han (手足汗), sim han (心汗), eum ban (陰汗) pyun hang (偏汗) 3) kan (肝) : hwang han (黃汗), sim(心) : sin han (心汗), hyul han(血汗), bee (脾) : sig hu han (腎虛汗) sin(腎) : eum han (陰汗) By the study of the oriental medical literature, sweat were concerned with physiological function and pathological transformation of the body, 2. occidental medicine 1) NO sweat of the whole body 2) NO sweat of the part 3) much sweat of the whole body, 4) much sweat of the part. By the study of the western medical literature, sweats were tiny reaction of the· nerve and the mind.