• ALGAE
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2016

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a red-tide forming dinoflagellate that causes significant worldwide impacts on aquaculture industries and the marine ecosystem. There have been extensive studies on managing and preventing C. polykrikoides blooms, but it has been difficult to identify an effective method to control the bloom development. There is also limited genome information on the molecular mechanisms involved in its various ecophysiology and metabolism processes. Thus, comprehensive genome information is required to better understand harmful algal blooms caused by C. polykrikoides. We estimated the C. polykrikoides genome size using flow cytometry, with detection of the fluorescence of DNA stained with propidium iodide (PI). The nuclear genome size of C. polykrikoides was 100.97 Gb, as calculated by comparing its mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) to the MFI of Mus musculus, which is 2.8 Gb. The exceptionally large genome size of C. polykrikoides might indicate its complex physiological and metabolic characteristics. Our optimized protocol for estimating the nuclear genome size of a dinoflagellate using flow cytometry with PI can be applied in studies of other marine organisms.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of onion vinegar on the cerebral blood flow by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and by observing the recovery of focal ischemic brain injury in rats. Rats are divided into thee groups depending on the medication; control group (no medication), 8.8-OV group (vinegar using 8.8 brix onion medication), 14.6-OV group (vinegar using 14.6 brix onion medication). The medication of onion vinegar significantly increased rCBF but decreased MABP. This result suggests that onion vinegar significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter. In addition, focal ischemic brain injury is induced in rats by middle cerebral arterial occlusion. The recovery from focal ischemic brain injury is more significantly improved in the groups using onion vinegar compared to the control group. The amount of recovery is measured by the GAP-43 and the medication of onion vinegar significantly increased GAP-43. This result suggests that onion vinegar is effective on the nerve regeneration. After the medication, the change of body weight, outcomes of renal and liver function test, and outcomes of CBC are analysed for safety examination. There are no statistical differences among control group and all experimental groups in the body weight, renal and liver function test, and CBC. In conclusion, these results suggest that onion vinegar can increase rCBF in normal state, and improve the stability of rCBF in ischemic state.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2017

The cutaneous microcirculation plays a role in various physiological processes and pathological conditions. Two non-invasive methods were used in this study to obtain reference values for cutaneous microcirculation in intact male beagles. Twenty intact male beagles were used. The experimental environments were standardized. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure cutaneous blood flow, and an infrared thermometer was used to measure cutaneous temperature. The blood flow and temperature were measured from the right side of the subjects at 20 cutaneous sites. Based on the laser Doppler flowmetry, the region with the highest blood flow was the periocular region that with the lowest was the forelimb foot pad. In addition, the standard deviation of the chest wall was the highest while that of the periocular region was the lowest. For skin temperature, the inguinal region had the highest mean skin temperature and the forelimb foot pad had the lowest. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.72. Similar to a previous study, the values derived from repeated measurements at the 20 regions are reproducible and can contribute to research. Compared to the results of a previous study, the temperatures of the two smallest skin regions were the same; however, no specific trend was observed. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was significantly comparable, and this good correlation can reduce their limitations and variables complementarily. In addition to possible use in human studies, accumulated resources on measurements of skin blood flow in the future will potentiate its use in the veterinary medicine field.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1991

The characteristics of probenecid effect on renal urate excretion in the cat were studied by clearance method and compared with those in the rabbit. In the cat GFR was $3.03{\pm}0.09\;ml/min{\cdot}kg$, and endogenous plasma urate concentration was $1.12{\pm}0.57\;{\mu}g/ml$, which is less than that in the rabbit $(3.33{\pm}0.46\;{\mu}g/ml)$. In the rabbit, $FE_{ur}$ was $1.76{\pm}0.08$ and net urate secretion was observed, while, in the cat $FE_{ur}$ was $0.70{\pm}0.02$ and net reabsorption was observed. In the cat $FE_{ur}$ was dependent on urine flow and independent of plasma urate concentration. In the rabbit $FE_{ur}$ was suppressed by infusion of probenecid $(30\;mg/kg\;-0.6\;mg/kg{\cdot}min)$ into femoral vein. In the cat the same dose of probenecid increased $FE_{ur}$ and concomitantly increased urine flow. Thus, an increase in $FE_{ur}$ by probenecid could be considered to be resulted from a change in urine flow. In the cat infusion of probenecid $(2.5\;mg/kg{\cdot}min)$ into renal artery markedly suppressed $FE_{P\;A\;H}$, but the effects on $FE_{ur}$ and urine flow were similar to those when probenecid was infused into femoral vein. These results indicate that in the cat kidney urate filtered through glomerulus is reabsorbed by a probenecid-insensitive mechanism with no evidence for net secretion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1969

Experiments on thermoregulatory responses to cold immersion stimulus were carried out in September, 1968 (summer studies) and February, 1969 (winter studies). Eight each of ama and control subject were selected at random from a same community in Yong-Do Island, Pusan. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The rate of fall in muscle temperature of forearm during a 30 min-immersion in $6^{\circ}C$ water bath was significantly slower in the ama in winter and was about the same in the two groups in summer. However, the magnitude of change in the skin temperature and the heat fluxes observed during immersion period was not significantly different either between groups or between seasons. 2) Both finger blood flow and skin temperature during one hr-immersion in $6^{\circ}C$ water bath decreased significantly in the ama as compared to the control. The magnitude of cold-induced vasodilatation during immersion period was significantly greater in the control in winter. However, the time of onset and blood flow at onset showed no significant relation between groups. 3) The magnitude of reactive hyperemia after a 5 min-arterial occlusion in both air and $15^{\circ}C$ water bath was significantly lower in the ana than in the control. In control subjects, post-occluded blood flow in water was significantly greater than in air, while in the ama it decreased to 1/2 of control values. The time required for the return of blood flow to resting values in the air was faster in the ama than in the control but was the same in water in the two groups. 4) The results suggest that vasoconstrictor tone increased in the ama in winter, indicating the development of vascular adaptation as a part of cold acclimatization.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.893-899
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• 2010

박동유동조건에서 관상동맥 내의 유동특성과 혈류역학적 인자 분포를 선행연구에서 수행하여 혈류역학이 관상동맥 내의 협착현상과 연관관계가 있음을 밝혔다. 동맥경화증의 호발부위인 관상동맥 분지부에서 혈류역학적 변수를 분석하여 동맥경화증의 발생기전을 규명하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 동맥경화증에 의한 협착현상은 혈액과 혈관벽 사이의 생화학 반응뿐 아니라 유동박리나 벽전단응력과 같은 혈류역학적 인자와도 관계 있음을 확인하였다. 관상동맥 분지부의 분지각이 증가할수록 분지부 단면에서의 재순환영역의 크기가 증가하고 교란유동이 발생하게 된다. 이 재순환영역이 관상동맥에서 동맥경화의 시작점으로 의심되는 영역이라 할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.103-124
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• 1986

Since it has been suggested that atrial receptor may be involved in the mechanism of extracellular volume regulation, it was shown that the granularity of atrial cardiocytes can be changed by water and salt depletion, and that an extract of cardiac atrial tissue, when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, was shown to cause a large and rapid increase in renal excretion of sodium. Various natriuretic peptides were isolated and synthetized, and the effects were investigated by many workers. Most studies, however, have been carried out under anesthesia and there have teen some controversies over direct effect of the factor on the renal function. Therefore, it was attempted in this study to access the effects of an atrial extract and a synthetic natriuretic factor in unanesthetized rabbits. Intrarenal arterial infusion of atrial extract caused a rapid increase of urinary volume and excretion of sodium. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were both increased with no change in filtration fraction. The ventricular extract produced no change in urinary excretion of electrolytes, nor in renal hemodynamics. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor caused increases of renal excretory rate of sodium, chloride and potassium, and $FE_{Na}$. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow increased. And free water clearance also increased. Accentuated excretory function correlated well with increased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow during infusion and for 10 minutes following the cessation of the infusion. Renin secretion rate decreased during constant infusion of atrial natriuretic factor. However, no correlation was found with the changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or urinary excretion of sodium. These results suggest that atrial extract or atrial natriuretic factor induces changes in renal hemodynamics, as in excretion of electrolytes either indirectly through hemodynamic changes or directly by inhibiting tubular reabsorption. At the same time, renin secretory function is affected by the factor possibly through an unknown mechanism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Leonuri herba extract (LHE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBT and cytokines production (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$) in ischemic rats. The results were as follows : The rCBF was significantly and stably increased by LHE (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion, experimental group (LHE 10 mg/kg treated group) was significantly decreased IL-l${\beta}$ production, and increased TGF-${\beta}$ production compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood at 1 hr after reperfusion, experimental group was significantly decreased IL-1${\beta}$ production compared with control group. IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production of sample group were significantly increased compared with control group. These results suggested that LHE was significantly and stably increased regional cerebral blood flow by inhibited IL-1${\beta}$ production, and accelerated IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$ production.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2000

결명자차, 녹차 및 밤차가 인체의 생체기능활성화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 국소뇌혈류량 및 혈압, in vitro상에서의 면역세포의 활성화, 그리고 암세포가 이식된 동물에서의 면역세포 활성화와 암세포의 증식억제 효과를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 단당류는 현미녹차와 결명자차에는 glucose, ga-lactose등이 들어 있으나 밤차에는 glucose, gal-actose, mannose가 들어 있다. 2. 아미노산은 현미녹차, 밤차, 결명자차 순으로 들어 있다. 3. 카페인은 현미녹차에는 들어 있으나 밤차와 결명자차에는 들어 있지 않았다. 4. 결명자 차는 국소뇌혈류량을 증가시킨 반면 밤차는 감소시켰다. 5. 녹차는 혈압을 증가시켰다. 6. 밤차는 in vitro 상에서 흉선세포와 비장세포의 증식을 유의성있게 증가시켰다. 7. 결명자차와 녹차는 in bitro 상에서 흉선세포의 증식을 감소시켰다. 8. 결명자차와 녹차는 L1210세포가 이식된 동물의 흉선세포 증식을 감소시켰다. 9. 밤차는 L1210세포가 이식된 동물의 비장세포 증식을 촉진시켰다. 10. 밤차와 결명자차는 L1210세포가 이식된 동물의 암세포 증식을 억제하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.354-361
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• 1999

In this study, the effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on ischemia/ reperfusion injury were investigated on isolated heart perfusion models. Hezrts were perfused with oxygenated Krebs-henseleit solution (pH 7.4, $37^{\cire}C$) on a Langendorff apparatus. After equilibration, isolated hearts were treated with TUDCA 100 and 200 $\mu\textrm{M}$ or vehicle (0.02% DMSO) for 10 min before the onset of ischemia in single treatment group. In 7 day pretreatment group. TUDCA 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight were given orally for 7 days before operation. After global ischemia (30 min), ischemic hearts were reperfused for 30 min. The physiological (i.e. heart rate, left ventricdular developed pressure, coronary flow, double product, time to contracture formation) and biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) parameters were evaluated. In vehicle-treated group, time to contracture formation was 810 sec during ischemia, LVDP was 34.0 mmHg at the endpoint of reperfusion and LDH activity in total reperfusion effluent was 34.3 U/L. Single treatment with TUDCA did not change the postischemic recovery of cardiac function, LDH and time to contractur compared with ischemic control group. TUDCA pretreatment showed the tendency to decrease LDH release and to increase time to contracture and coronary flow. Our findings suggest that TUDCA does not ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-reduced myocardial damage.