• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.938-947
• /
• 2021

Messerschmidia sibirica is a halophyte that grows in high-salinity areas of coastal sand dunes and sandy shores. This study was conducted to investigate the constituents, antioxidant potency, and physiological activities of M. sibirica. Mineral analyses revealed that potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were the most prevalent minerals in M. sibirica leaves and stems. We used 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water as solvents to prepare extracts from M. sibirica tissues, with extraction yields of between approximately 19% and 27% being obtained. Among the six types of extract, the leaf ethanol extract (LEE) was characterized by the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant activities of the LEE were also the highest among the different solvent extracts. In addition, the leaf water extract was shown to have the highest tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, whereas the leaf methanol extract was found to have the highest elastase inhibitory activity. Notably, all leaf extracts were established to have more than 75% β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitory activity at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. These results indicate that leaf extracts of M. sibirica may have beneficial antioxidant properties, and could thus have potential application as functional supplements in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.858-866
• /
• 2022

The present study investigated the chemical composition, and antioxidant and physiological activities of the Korean marine algae, Codium fragile. The solvent extracts from C. fragile were prepared using 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water. Based on the general chemical composition, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and moisture were 74.22%, 16.73%, 0.66%, 4.39%, and 4.00%, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were the main minerals. The extraction yield range of the solvent extracts was 3.51-9.76%. The ranges of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were approximately 10.97-13.76 mg/g and 8.00-8.69 mg/g, respectively. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, reducing power and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activities were the highest in the ethanol extract, while methanol extract exhibited the strongest nitrite oxide scavenging activity. On the other hand, tyrosinase, elastase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol and methanol extracts were higher than those of the water extract. Furthermore, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest β-secretase inhibitory activity. The results indicate that C. fragile can be used as an antioxidant and a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.1237-1245
• /
• 1997

Interspecific fusants were made from the cells of two strains of Lactobacillus genus, a streptomycin resistant Lactobacillus sp. JC-7 and a kanamycin resistant L. acidophilus 88. The morphological and physiological properties of the fusants were examined by determining bacteriocin productivity, acid-producing activity, ability of carbohydrates utilization and three important enzyme activities. The fusants produced a bacteriocin against indicator strains and fusant No. 1, 4 exhibited a larger inhibition zone compared to that of L. acidophilus 88. $\beta$-Galactosidase, phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase, lipase activities and resistance to NaCl of Lactobacillus sp. JC-7 were better than those of L. acidophilus 88. Fusant No. 3 and 7 exhibited excellent lipase activities. Protease activity and acid productivity of L. acidophilus 88 were better than those of Lactobacillus sp. JC-7. Proteasse activities of all fusants were higher than those of parental strains, and expecially fusant No. 5 and 7 exhibited excellent proteolysis ability.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2011

Fermented compost made from medicinal herb wastes (MHWC) as an environment-friendly manure resource was applied to determine physiological activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja). MHWC, poultry manure compost (PMC), and MHWC+PMC (1:1, w/w) were applied to 2 year-old Bokbunja plant at levels of 0, 20, 40 Mg/ha, respectively. Physiological activities of Bokbunja were investigated at 15, 20 and 25 days after flowering (DAF). Content of total phenolics in fruit was high in order of 25 > 20 > 15 DAF, showing highest value in fruit treated with MHWC at 40 Mg/ha. The flavonoid level showed same pattern to total phenolics. Electron donation abilities at fruits at 15 and 20 DAF were higher than at 25 DAF. Nitrite scavenging ability (NSA) was increased on in order of pH 1.2 > 4.2 > 6.0. NSA in fruit at 15 and 20 DAF was higher than at 25 DAF. Tyrosinase inhibition ability at fruits treated with MHWC showed the highest value among all composts. Xanthine oxidase inhibition ability in fruit treated with MHWC at 25 DAF was the highest. In conclusion, physiological activities of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja) were improved in MHWC group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.290-296
• /
• 2017

In this study, using the surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) produced at atmospheric pressure to improve the physiological activities of quercetin was investigated. Quercetin (at 200 ppm) was treated using air DBD with an input power of 250 W. The tyrosinase inhibition effect and total phenolic content of quercetin increased from 38.96 to 91.58% and from 134.53 to 152.93 ppm, respectively, after 20 min of plasma treatment. The antioxidant activity of quercetin treated for 20 min in the lipid models was higher than that of quercetin treated for 0, 5, and 10 min. Furthermore, plasma-treated quercetin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas activity was not shown in the control. Structural modifications of the quercetin molecule induced by plasma might be responsible for the improvements in its physiological activity. These results indicate that DBD plasma could be used to enhance the physiological activity of quercetin for various applications in food.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.675-683
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological properties of various parts of skate body after fermentation by measuring compositional properties including pH and $NH_4^+$. Other functional properties, such as antibacterial activities, antioxidative activities and anticancer activities were measured. Effects of fermentation temperature (4, 10, $20^{\circ}C$) did not affect compositional properties of fermented skate. The pH of fermented skate extract at 4$^{\circ}C$ did not increase as much as that at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$, Particularly at $10^{\circ}C$, the pH increased rapidly after Day 1 and remained unchanged until another increase at Day 5. At 2$0^{\circ}C$, the pH increased rather rapidly at early stage of fermentation and reached 8.9 at Day 4. The pattern of $NH_4^+$ concentration of fermented skate extract was similar to that of pH. Particularly at $4^{\circ}C$ fermentation, $NH_4^+$ concentration was not affected by fermentation time. The concentration of $NH_4^+$. reached approximately $10.2\mug/mL$at $10^{\circ}C$ for Day 5 and $20^{\circ}C$ for Day 4-5, indicating the early stage of fermentation. According to physiological activities of hot water extracts of skate fillet and viscera as affected by fermentation time, antibacterial activity of 2% viscera extract concentration was 43.3% at Day 8, while there was no antibacterial activity from fillet extract. As for the antioxidative activity, fillet extract and viscera extract both at 2% concentration at Day 0 showed 61.2% and 54.4%, respectively. Anticancer activities were highest (52.7% for fillet extract and 58.3% for viscera extract) at $1,000 \mug/mL$ concentration at Day 8. Antibacterial activities and anticancer effects were relatively high as fermentation was progressed, while antioxidative activities were highest before fermentation started. As for the physiological activities of hot water extract from brain and cartilage, antibacterial activities were observed at 41.0% when 2% brain extract was added at 4 hours of incubation, while 35.8% with 2% cartilage extract at 14 hours of incubation. Antioxidative activities were not found in brain extract, but cartilage extract at 2% showed 25.0% of antioxidative activity, which was lower than fillet and viscera extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1979

The naturally occurring coumarins are likely to be a large and important group of plant products which are not only metabolic products of the living cells but possess varied physiological and pharmacological actions. Investigations concerning various biological activities of natural coumarins have been undertaken by many investigators in continuing effort. The authors describe on experimental results of biological activities of coumarin derivatives with particular emphasis on 10 different activities that are considered to be of importance in view of the development of new drugs from natural resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.790-796
• /
• 2005

Physiological activities of hot-water extract and various concentration ethanol extracts from Bokbunja (Rubus coreanum F. ) were examined. Total phenol content of extract showed higher content in hot-water extract (41.4 mg/g) than other extracts, Optimum condition of extraction for phenolic was $60\%$ ethanol extract (41.3 mg/g). The ABTS radical decolorilization and antioxidant protection factor were determined. Results shown inhibition rate on ABTS of $60\%$ ethanol extract $(99.8\%)$ and antioxidant protection factor of water extract (1.2 PF). Electron donation ability on DPPH was higher 60$\%$ ethanol extract than another percent ethanol extracts. Also hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of extracts was higher $60\%$ ethanol extracts $(0.03\times100\mu\;M)$ than another extracts because the value of TBARS was lower than another extracts. But hot-water extract had higher inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase and pancreatin $\alpha$ -amylase than $60\%$ ethanol extract. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitory activities were equaled to hot water exract and $60\%$ ethanol extract. Protocatecuic acid was the most abundant phenolic compounds as analyzed by HPLC. The results will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional foods for understanding the physiological activities of Bukbunja extracts.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2010

Activity of lifting has been a major issue in many research area related in manual materials handling tasks. However, the opposite activity of lifting, lowering, has received much less attention. It is known that 52% of all box-handling tasks were lowering in nature. The difference in stress between lifting and lowering activity is not well understood. A simple assumption that these two activities are very similar has been established and widely used. However, this simple assumption may be questionable. The objective of this study was to compare a lifting activity and a lowering activity based on the three different ergonomic approaches; (1) biomechanical, (2) physiological, (3) psychophysical approach. It was found that the stress of lowering activity was from 65% to 93%, from 87% to 97%, and from 87% to 96% according to the biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysical point of view, respectively. It is concluded from the result of this study that the stress of lowering activity is lower than that of the lifting activity. The maximum compressive force on the lumbro-sacral joint (L5/S1) was 158% and 108% respectively, for lifting and lowering activity of which the work load is the 58% of Action Limit. It is suggested that the NIOSH AL and RWL and biomechanical criteria should be reconsidered especially for the low frequency of lifting activities.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.513-519
• /
• 2013

The current vision-based approaches for emotion recognition, such as facial expression analysis, have many technical limitations in real circumstances, and are not suitable for applications that use them solely in practical environments. In this paper, we propose an approach for emotion recognition by combining extrinsic representations and intrinsic activities among the natural responses of humans which are given specific imuli for inducing emotional states. The intrinsic activities can be used to compensate the uncertainty of extrinsic representations of emotional states. This combination is done by using PRMs (Probabilistic Relational Models) which are extent version of bayesian networks and are learned by greedy-search algorithms and expectation-maximization algorithms. Previous research of facial expression-related extrinsic emotion features and physiological signal-based intrinsic emotion features are combined into the attributes of the PRMs in the emotion recognition domain. The maximum likelihood estimation with the given dependency structure and estimated parameter set is used to classify the label of the target emotional states.