• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.1313-1319
• /
• 2010

Rice cultivars of Goami2 (G2), Baegjinju (BJJ), and Sulgaeng (SG) with different amylose contents were developed by mutation breeding via N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment to Ilpumbyeo (IP), high japonica rice. They were identified by different appearances such as grain size, color, and shape. In this experiment, the compositional and physical qualities of those cultivars were examined. The G2 rice classified as a high-amylose rice cultivar was significantly higher in its non-digestable carbohydrates contents. Linoleic and oleic acid were composed of 70~75% of all fatty acids composition regardless of milled and brown rice, except G2 rice in which palmitic acid was the major fatty acid followed by linoleic acid and oleic acid in order. Major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and hydroxy lysine. It was found that cysteine contents were higher in the cultivars of endosperm mutant rice. The DSC analysis revealed that enthalpy was the highest in BJJ followed by SG, IP, and G2 rice. The lowest enthalpy of G2 might be attributable to the higher amylose content. Ilpumbyeo in its cooked rice form showed the highest in Toyo value and less in hardness, but G2 was vise versa. Results of gelatinization and cooked rice properties suggest that G2 was less suitable for cooked rice, but has a potential for functional ingredients from nutritional point of view. The BJJ and SG could be used for traditional cooking as well as for processed foods.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 2006

The effects of ultrasonication on phytoplankton were investigated in two ponds in which physicochemical and biological water quality was similar, one as a treatment and the other as a control. The samples were collected from August 18 to September 30 in 2003. Traditional morphological analysis showed that Bacillariophyceae dominated phytoplankton community in both ponds. The abundance of Cyanophyceae was lower in the phytoplankton community of the sonicated pond than that of control pond. We used DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) to analyze the diversity and change of phytoplankton community in two ponds. The DGGE banding patterns of 16S rRNA gene and sequence analysis demonstrated that Oscillatoria acuminata and CFB (Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides) group bacterium appeared in the treated pond, and the control pond was dominated by Synechococcus sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Especially, Pseudanabaena sp. dominated during the ultrasonic cessation in the treated pond. The DGGE profiles of 18S rRNA gene and sequence analysis showed that the treated pond was dominated by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the control pond by C. reinhardtii and Pteromonas protracta. In conclusion, the ultrasonication affected the reduced growth of cyanobacteria, particularly Pseudanabaena.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 2015

To establish the optimal conditions for the manufacture of high absortive cellulose film(CF) originated from Styela clava tunic(SCT), the physicochemical properties included absorption was measured in CFs prepared under the various conditions. The highest absorption was observed for SCT-CF20 prepared from the cellulose solution dissolved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20min, although the filtration treatment did not induce any significance alteration. Also, the absorption was higher in SCT-CF20-F prepared by the freeze drying than SCT-CF20-N(ambient air drying) and SCT-CF20-H(heat drying). The addition of porogen($NaHCO_3$) induced an increase of absorption in SCT-CF20-PF relative to SCT-CF20-F, while the number of interconnected porous structures was enhanced in SCT-CF20-PF. Furthermore, a high level of SK-MEL-2 cells viability was observed in SCT-CF20-PN and SCT-CF20-PF cultured group. These results show that SCT-CF may have high absorption and biocompatibility when prepared from SCT cellulose solution dissolved at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20min after addition of porogen and then subjected to freeze drying.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.380-386
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the root zone temperature on the changes in soil physicochemical environment and the growth of the apple trees. Root zone temperatures applied were 20. 25. 30. and $35^{\circ}C$. A pot experiment of 4-year-old fruit-bearing Fuji/M.26 apple trees was done from May 15. 1997 to August 15. 1997. Shoot length and shoot number of 4-year-old Fuji/M.26 was longest at $30^{\circ}C$ but decreased at $35^{\circ}C$. Oxygen concentrations in soil air were maintained from 17 to 18% at $20^{\circ}C$ but fluctuated from 10 to 14% at the end at $35^{\circ}C$. Carbon dioxide concentrations in soil air was highest at $35^{\circ}C$. Organic matter contents in soil decreased as root zone temperature and duration of treatment increased. Nitrate and ammonium contents in soil increased with rising root zone temperature in the beginning but nitrate contents decreased at $35^{\circ}C$ as time progressed. Nitrate content was higher in 10~15cm subsoil than in 25~30cm subsoil.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the temperature, water balance, evaporation and physicochemical properties during the composting with pig slurry at a scraper system. The pig slurry was composted on farm trial using continuous aeration with turning machine for 5 month. A compost facility of rectangular concrete bin with dimension of 53 m (length) ${\times}$ 4.6 m (width) ${\times}$ 2 m (height) was bedded with sawdust. The environmental parameters were monitored in period of 5 months. The results were as follows ; 1. During the composting period, the temperature was varied in the range $50{\sim}70^{\circ}C$. The temperature of compost pile was highest in middle layer and lowest in under layer. Temperature difference between middle and under area of compost pile was $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. 2. The water content of compost pile varied $50{\sim}68%$. In the period of 50% of water content of compost pile, the temperature of compost was $20{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and was not successfully composted. 3. In this study, total evaporation was 90% during composting. The amount of slurry per $1m^3$ sawdust by this method was $3.16m^3$ without treatment of effluent output. 4. The chemical properties of produced compost was high, but suitable for plant growth. Concentration of T-N, T-C in the final compost were 1.62, 34%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.196-205
• /
• 1999

Kochujang prepared by liquid and solid koji using isolated bacteria(Sunchang 1 and Park 2) showing excellent enzyme activities were gamma irradiated at $15{\pm}1.5\;kGy$ to investigate their qualities from the physicochemical, microbiological and enzymatic points of view during fermentaion at $25^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. The amino type nitrogen contents were $0.6{\sim}0.7%$ after 30 days of fermentation. Irradiation completly stopped gas production which is one of biggest problem of kochujang distribution. Enzyme activities were some different according to koji and irradiation treatment. Amino type nitrogen content as one the most important quality indice was higher in kochujang fermented by isolated bacteria (Park 2) than non inoculated traditional kochujang. But sensory quality was not significantly different.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 1999

Quality changes of Korean ginseng on microwave drying were determined in terms of water activity, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, dielectric properties, content of sugar, ginsenoside composion, microstructure. Korean fresh ginseng were subjected to four different processing : 3 min microwave drying and 2 min holding-24 hrs drying (MWI), 5 min microwave drying and 2.5 min holding-24 hrs drying (MW2), 3 min microwave drying and 2 min holding-12 hrs after hot air drying for 12 hrs drying at $45^{\circ}C$ (MWH1), 5 min microwave drying and 2.5 min holding-12 hrs drying after hot air drying for 12 hrs at $45^{\circ}C$ (MWH2), Water content was decreased 14.33% without shrinkage and water activity was 0.57 after microwave drying. Permittivity was increased as water content increased. As temperature increased, permittivity was increased until $40^{\circ}C$ and fast decreased over $40^{\circ}C$. Content of ginsenoside for MW1 and MW2 was higher than that of MWH1 and MWH2. Data of free sugar showed that there was no significant difference in each treatment. The MW2 dried ginseng showed a more compact structure than the MWH2 ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.393-397
• /
• 2004

Rice was steeped at elevated temperatures of $40,\;50,\;or\;60^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr, and physicochemical properties of starches isolated from wet-milled rice flour were investigated. Steeping at elevated temperatures slightly decreased lightness of rice starch, while increased yellowness and redness. Average granule size of rice starch was decreased by steeping treatment. Swelling power and solubility increased as temperature increased. Starch from rice steeped at $40^{\circ}C$ displayed highest swelling power and solubility. Differential scanning calorimetry data of starch obtained from steeped rice at $60^{\circ}C$ showed increased onset and peak temperatures, with narrower gelatinization temperature range, suggesting partial annealing effect. Pasting properties of starch measured by Rapid Visco-Analyzer indicated increased peak viscosity due to rice steeping at $40^{\circ}C$. Peak and breakdown viscosities decreased at $50\;and\;60^{\circ}C$, whereas setback and final viscosities increased.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2013

The rare earth oxide wastes consisting of major 8 nuclides Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd, are generated during the salt waste treatment of PyroGreen process. The final form of the rare earth is generated as the oxide state. In this study, six candidate glasses were developed to evaluate the feasibility for vitrifying the rare earth oxide wastes within the borosilicate glass system. The solubilities of the mixture of the rare earth oxide waste showed less than 25wt% at $1,200^{\circ}C$, less than 30wt% at $1,300^{\circ}C$, respectively. It means that solubility is increased with the temperature increment. The liquidus temperature of the homogeneous glass with 20wt% waste loading was determined as less than $950^{\circ}C$. In more than solubility of rare earth oxides glass, formation of rare earth-oxide-silicate crystal in glass-ceramic occurred as the secondary phase. As their viscosity at melting temperature $1,200{\sim}1,300^{\circ}C$ was less than 100 poise, electrical conductivity was higher than 1 S/cm, 20~25wt% waste loading glasses with good surface homogeneity are judged to have good operability in cold crucible induction melter. Other physicochemical properties of the developed glasses are going to be experimented in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2014

Background: Hydrogels are a class of polymers that can absorb water or biological fluids and swell to several times their dry volume, dependent on changes in the external environment. In recent years, hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites have found a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery and cancer treatment. The incorporation of nanoparticulates into a hydrogel matrix can result in unique material characteristics such as enhanced mechanical properties, swelling response, and capability of remote controlled actuation. Materials and Methods: In this work, synthesis of hydrogel nanocomposites containing magnetic nanoparticles are studied. At first, magnetic nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$) with an average size 10 nm were prepared. At second approach, thermo and pH-sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide -co-methacrylic acid-co-vinyl pyrrolidone) (NIPAAm-MAA-VP) were prepared. Swelling behavior of co-polymer was studied in buffer solutions with different pH values (pH=5.8, pH=7.4) at $37^{\circ}C$. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ($Fe_3O_4$) and doxorubicin were incorporated into copolymer and drug loading was studied. The release of drug, carried out at different pH and temperatures. Finally, chemical composition, magnetic properties and morphology of doxorubicin-loaded magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites were analyzed by FT- IR, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The results indicated that drug loading efficiency was increased by increasing the drug ratio to polymer. Doxorubicin was released more at $40^{\circ}C$ and in acidic pH compared to that $37^{\circ}C$ and basic pH. Conclusions: This study suggested that the poly (NIPAAm-MAA-VP) magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite could be an effective carrier for targeting drug delivery systems of anti-cancer drugs due to its temperature sensitive properties.