• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.118-130
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• 2023

Decay or large cavities inside trees are the main causes of trees overturning and broken branches, and structurally weakened trees are more vulnerable to strong winds and heavy snowfall. Recently, as strong winds and typhoons increase due to climate change, the damage to human life and property due to trees overturning continues to increase, and cultural assets are in a similar situation. In particular, old big trees are structurally vulnerable to external shocks such as strong winds and heavy snowfall. This study was aimed at providing a scientific basis for preventive protection measures by conducting a structural stability diagnosis of seven retusa fringe trees designated as natural monuments. For the structural stability diagnosis, tree risk assessment and internal tree defect measurements were performed. As a result of the tree risk assessment, the Retusa Fringe Trees in Sinjeon-ri, Yangsan and Gwangyangeupsu had the highest risk of broken branches due to weak branch attachment strength. As a result of the diagnosis of internal defects of cross sections of measured trees, there were suspected cavities or severe decay in all except two trees of the population of Retusa Fringe Trees in Pyeongji-ri. Natural disasters due to climate change are increasing, and the scale is getting larger, so it is very important to preemptively manage large old trees through scientific structural safety diagnosis to manage trees that are vulnerable to environmental changes.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.493-502
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• 2023

The development of online content is changing the value of society very diversely and rapidly. In particular, the non-face-to-face e-sports industry is growing significantly in the current situation where the COVID-19 Pandemic has not been completely overcome. The use of NFT in the eSports industry is receiving positive reviews as a field with high potential for future growth that protects digital assets of eSports users, but at the same time, it is raising concerns that cash transactions of digital items could encourage gambling. In this study, the characteristics of the recent eSports industry and NFT were identified and classified through case studies using literature, official sites, and online news articles. Through various cases of eSports and NFT, we discussed the potential for future growth and activation plan of the NFT industry of eSports. The result is as follows. First, it is necessary to use NFT using IP of eSports event itself. Second, it is necessary to combine the functional role of the item with NFT to provide features that users can utilize. Third, it is necessary to provide users with opportunities to engage in economic activities using eSports and NFT. Finally, it is necessary to use NFT to strengthen the digital asset protection of eSports users. Through this study, it is expected to be used as a basis for further discussions on the NFT industry of e-sports and as a material for securing competitiveness.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.177-189
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• 2022

This study proposes policy recommendations for the Korea New Exchange ("KONEX"), which is a financial platform for SMEs and startups that relied on indirect and policy financing in the past. SMEs and venture firms with limited human and physical listing resources can grow through market incubation, and venture capitalists expect an early exit or return on investment. However, the lack of liquidity and sluggish trading volume have weakened the function of the market. Despite prior policy efforts, the number of newly listed companies has decreased while listing demand for KOSDAQ and K-OTC has increased. This study aims to suggest short- and long-term improvements in regulations and throughout the KONEX firms' listing life cycle. First, the minimum deposit requirement on individual investors should be abolished to increase the number of investors. Second, information disclosure should be conducted by firms so that the nominated advisor can focus on discovering and supporting new listed companies. Third, in order to increase trading volume, the 5% dispersion rule should be changed to 25% dispersion incentive principle. Fourth, a new track without profit condition in expedited transfer listing should be introduced because the KOSDAQ relaxes the profit realization requirements for listing. Lastly, transfer listing without additional review for firms that fulfill ownership dispersion, information disclosure, and investor protection will strengthen the incubating role of the KONEX.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.105-124
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• 2023

Modern society is facing an unstable environment due to unexpected accidents and hazardous situations. For example, incidents such as the collapse of the Bundang Bridge and the crushing accident in Itaewon could serve as examples. In addition to these, critical emergencies like sudden cardiac arrests and strokes frequently occur, requiring swift actions and smooth transfers to specialized medical institutions for effective responses. In response to these risks, the country has been establishing various systems to protect the lives and safety of its citizens. Among these, the 119 First Aid Activities plays a crucial role within the emergency medical system. Its goal is to promptly respond to critical emergency situations involving severe trauma patients or patients with serious illnesses, minimizing damage and safeguarding lives by swiftly transferring them to emergency medical institutions for specialized treatment. The core activity related to this is emergency rescue operations. In particular, the 119 First Aid system serves as a crucial institution responsible for the hospital transportation of emergency patients. However, rescue personnel still encounter cases of interference with their activities during their duties. Despite efforts from the police, these interference cases persist, and they share similarities with the crime of obstructing official duties. Interference with emergency activities exhibits a comparable nature to instances such as physical assaults and equipment damage against emergency medical practitioners working within the emergency medical system. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding and improvement efforts regarding the issues of interference that arise during the process of emergency medical activities, including the 119 First Aid system, are necessary. The solution to these problems is to establish and improve the conditions for obstruction of first aid activities, focusing on the "Framework Act on Firefighting" and the "Act on 119 Rescue and Emergency."

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.245-268
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• 2024

As the recognition of data's value increases, the role of data repositories in managing, preserving, and utilizing data is becoming increasingly important. This study investigates ways to enhance the trustworthiness of data repositories through obtaining CoreTrustSeal (CTS) certification. Trust in data repositories is critical not only for data protection but also for building and maintaining trust between the repository and stakeholders, which in turn affects researchers' decisions on depositing and utilizing data. The study examines the CoreTrustSeal, an international certification for trustworthy data repositories, analyzing its impact on the trustworthiness and efficiency of repositories. Using the example of DataON, Korea's first CTS-certified repository operated by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), the study compares and analyzes four repositories that have obtained CTS certification. These include DataON, the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) from NASA, Yareta from the University of Geneva, and the DARIAH-DE repository from Germany. The research assesses how these repositories meet the mandatory requirements set by CTS and proposes strategies for improving the trustworthiness of data repositories. Key findings indicate that obtaining CTS certification involves rigorous evaluation of organizational infrastructure, digital object management, and technological aspects. The study highlights the importance of transparent data processes, robust data quality assurance, enhanced accessibility and usability, sustainability, security measures, and compliance with legal and ethical standards. By implementing these strategies, data repositories can enhance their reliability and efficiency, ultimately promoting wider data sharing and utilization in the scientific community.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.23-37
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• 2024

Digital twin is an M&S (Modeling and Simulation) technology designed to solve or optimize problems in the real world by replicating physical objects in the real world as virtual objects in the digital world and predicting phenomena that may occur in the future through simulation. Digital twins have been elaborately designed and utilized based on data collected to achieve specific purposes in large-scale environments such as cities and industrial facilities. In order to apply this digital twin technology to real life and expand it into user-customized service technology, practical but sensitive issues such as personal information protection and personalization of simulations must be resolved. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a federated learning-based accelerated client training method (FACTS) for personalized digital twins. The basic approach is to use a cluster-driven federated learning training procedure to protect personal information while simultaneously selecting a training model similar to the user and training it adaptively. As a result of experiments under various statistically heterogeneous conditions, FACTS was found to be superior to the existing FL method in terms of training speed and resource efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 2024

Due to the depletion of natural aggregate resources, the use of recycled aggregates became an urgent issue. Microcracks generated during production of recycled aggregate and cement paste attached to the surface of aggregate have been the biggest obstacles to promote the use of recycled aggregate. To alleviate such problem, this study attempted the spray and immersion treatment of recycled fine aggregate using mono-ammonium phosphate solution, which is known to be effective for reducing the pH of recycled aggregate. The changes in physical properties before and after treatment were observed, and the compressive strength of mortar specimen was evaluated. According to the experimental results, the absorption capacity of the recycled fine aggregate increased with reduction in pH after mono-ammunium phosphate treatment. Calcium hydroxide and ettringite was removed, and skeletal density of recycled fine aggregate increased due to the formation of hydroxyapatite. Despite the increase in absorption capacity, the compressive strength of the mortar increased and it seems to be associated with the increase in adhesion strength at the interface between cement paste and recycled fine aggregate. When the concentration of ammonium monophosphate aqueous solution was excessive (immersion: 15% and 20%, spraying 20%), the compressive strength of the mortar decreased, which seemed to be related to the increase in the absorption capacity caused by the the excessive dissolution of the hydration products such as portlandite and ettringite.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 1974

1. The purpose of this study. The purpose of this study is to plan and investigate short-term nursing education of two-years associate degree program to produce middle-level professional nurses which are needed by-society and nation. Current nursing education in Korea is divided into four years degree program, three years diploma program Even (though) there are differences in the aims of their education, the curriculums are not much different between the education for producing leaders which is its basic purpose and training middle-level professional nurses. Therefore the purpose of associate degree program lies in minimizing the waste of time and finance which are invested for long-term education for middle-level professional nurses. And also this coincide with the policy of national technical training and definite supply of nurse manpower according to health policy for effective role and ability of nurse. 2. The method of study. This is based on the study of literature, research on the actual condition and investigation of opinion- through questionnaire. L) The study of literature: Domestic and foreign literatures for two years associate degree program were studied and investigated. 2) Research on the actual condition : Current three years nursing education program was collected and analysed. 3) Investigation of opinion. The problem of curried nursing education system and the possibility of two years associate degree program were investigated through questionnaire. 3. The result of the study. 1) The trend of recent nursing education. a. The aims of nursing in past chiefly taking care of physical disease of patient has recently changed to nursing of character including physical, mental, socio-economic, educational and psychological condition. b. For the performing systematic and effective nurse's duty according to her role, the-change of educational system which is classified as a range of education the period of education and certificate after graduation has been enforced or fulfilled. c. Nursing education also has a trend to become a collage or two years associate degree program which can get same legal protection as other educational institutions whose basic purpose is education. Attached nursing school to hospital is getting disappeared because of disadvantage of educational system. 2) Problems. Depending upon research on actual condition of current 3 years nursing education program. a. There are too many subjects. b. Contents of education could be doubled because major subjects are subdivided in detail. c. The credits for graduation are too heavy comparing to the period of study or the ability of students. (The necessary credits are 150.8 for three years according to actual investigation 4. There is no certain standard in organizing curriculum therefore there are too much differences between schools. 4. Basic Plan. The plan for two years associate degree program in nursing education depending on demand of professional nursing field of society is based on following items. 1) Training middle-level professional nurse lay emphasis on liberal arts and basic major field. 2) Liberal arts are divided into required and optional subjects and students could take courses by choice. 3) Major subjects are compound together by fields and they become the sciences of nursing Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and every items has its educational purposes and contents major study includes laboratory practice and clinical experience. 4) The required credits for graduation are to which means 17-18 credits a semester. The above has been planned to solve the problems of current three years nursing education program. In conclusion for the achievement of this system, following items are needed. 1) It is necessary to change educational administration and system such as amendment of educational law or order of educational application of law. 2) Qualified professors should be available to understand and develope the idea or purpose of this educational system. 3) Local medical institutions should be opened widely and educational for clinical training. 4) The job after graduation should he secured positively.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.445-455
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• 2005

Purpose: We developed an animal SPECT system using clinical Philips ARGUS scintillation camera and pinhole collimator with specially manufactured small apertures. In this study, we evaluated the physical characteristics of this system and biological feasibility for animal experiments. Materials and Methods: Rotating station for small animals using a step motor and operating software were developed. Pinhole inserts with small apertures (diameter of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm) were manufactured and physical parameters including planar spatial resolution and sensitivity and reconstructed resolution were measured for some apertures. In order to measure the size of the usable field of view according to the distance from the focal point, manufactured multiple line sources separated with the same distance were scanned and numbers of lines within the field of view were counted. Using a Tc-99m line source with 0.5 mm diameter and 12 mm length placed in the exact center of field of view, planar spatial resolution according to the distance was measured. Calibration factor to obtain FWHM values in 'mm' unit was calculated from the planar image of two separated line sources. Te-99m point source with i mm diameter was used for the measurement of system sensitivity. In addition, SPECT data of micro phantom with cold and hot line inserts and rat brain after intravenous injection of [I-123]FP-CIT were acquired and reconstructed using filtered back protection reconstruction algorithm for pinhole collimator. Results: Size of usable field of view was proportional to the distance from the focal point and their relationship could be fitted into a linear equation (y=1.4x+0.5, x: distance). System sensitivity and planar spatial resolution at 3 cm measured using 1.0 mm aperture was 71 cps/MBq and 1.24 mm, respectively. In the SPECT image of rat brain with [I-123]FP-CIT acquired using 1.0 mm aperture, the distribution of dopamine transporter in the striatum was well identified in each hemisphere. Conclusion: We verified that this new animal SPECT system with the Phlilps ARGUS scanner and small apertures had sufficient performance for small animal imaging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1997

Increased activities of phase 2 enzymes including quinone reductase(QR) have been reported to be associated with protection of animals from neoplastic, mutagenic, and other toxic effects of many carcinogens. In previous study, we found that methanol extract of roasted and defatted perilla meal induced the activity of quinone reductase, an anticarcinogenic marker enzyme, in murine hepalc1c7 cells. Current study showed that unroasted perilla had a limited QR-inducing activity, suggesting that roasting cause the generation of active component(s). Thus we hypothesized that QR inducer in perilla might be covalently linked to sugar moiety and released during roasting process. Methanol extract of defatted raw perilla was subject to acid treatment in order to hydrolyze the potential sugar moiety. Prolonged hydrolysis of methanol extract of defatted raw perilla at $98{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ increased the ability to induce cytosolic QR activity of hepalclc7 cells. Furthermore roasting at 180 and $200^{\circ}C$ resulted in significant induction of QR activity. The result strongly support the idea that QR inducer(s) is present in bound form in raw perilla and released during roasting. Cellular QR activity was induced proportionately with the increase of concentration of methanol extract of roasted perilla. The induction of QR by defatted perilla was also examined in the cytosols of liver, small intestine, stomach, lung and kidney of male ICR mice. Induction patterns showed specificity with respect to target tissue and roasting of perilla. Unroasted perilla meal (defatted) significantly induced QR in liver and lung, while roasted perilla meal induced QR in liver and stomach. The observation that raw perilla showed similar QR induction patterns to roasted perilla is consistent with our proposal that QR inducer(s) is present in bound form and released by physical and chemical treatments as digestive or microbial enzymes could release the inducers from inactive glycoside forms in gastrointestinal tract of mice. In conclusion, perilla could exert protective effect against chemically induced carcinogenesis by inducing phase 2 enzymes in biological systems regardless of chemical and physical process such as roasting.