• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify stress, depression and sleeping of mothers with children who have received the special education in the elementary, middle and high school and to find out the relationship among stress, depression and sleeping. It will be provided as the basic information for development of nursing intervention. Methods: This research was carried out from November 18th to November 27th, 2009 through questionnaire about the stress, the depression and the sleeping. The subjects of investigation were 94 mothers with children who have received the special education in elementary school, middle and high school. Results: There is correlation between the psychological and physical stress of the mothers; correlation between the stress and the depression; inverse correlation between the stress and the sleeping; and inverse correlation between the depression and the sleeping significantly in statistics (p<.001). Mother group in elementary school has mild depression and the other variables in all groups of mothers are included in normal range. Conclusion: It is necessary to do the comparative study for stress, depression and sleeping of mothers with children who have received the special education in elementary school, middle and high school and to make the research for the development of optimized nursing intervention program for reducing depression for the subjects.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.484-497
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate high school students' conceptions of plate tectonics. Seventy students (N=70) in their 2 year of high schools in the province of Chungcheong-do participated in this study, and they took a conception test of visual representation. We conducted a semi-structured interview with 10 volunteering participants out of seventy. After learning about the concept of plate tectonics, this study found that participants ended up having alternative conceptions relating to terminology, meaning of colors, plates' movement, plates' boundaries, position and cause of melting, mantle's physical conditions, and driving forces of plate motion. The conceptions that the participants held after class were organically related, which included the meaning of colors, mantle's physical characteristic, and driving forces of plate movement. In addition, the visual representation used for teaching plate tectonics influenced the students' understanding about terminologies, plates' boundaries, position of melting, and the physical characteristic of mantle. The study found that there were the factors of visual representation that caused the learners to create alternative conceptions in learning about plate tectonics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2003

This study was attempted to offer the basic data required for composing a systemic education contents for health by analyzing the contents related to health education shown in the guidebook for teachers and the schoolbook for students of all grades in the current 7th education course for elementary school. The objectives and data were totally 162 copies which were 90 copies of national schoolbook for 1~6 grades and 72 copies of guidebook for teachers used in elementary schools in the 7th educational course. The standards of selection for the contents related to health education including in each schoolbook were divided into 11 themes using the health care model suggested by Kim, Hwa Joong(1995) in the guidebook for health curriculum for elementary middle high schools. The results of this study are as follows: Firstly, the total hours of health education suggested in the 7th educational course for elementary school were 274 hours and it was 6.2% of the total class of 4,442 hours. Secondly, the contents about health education were distributed into 9 subjects of The right livelihood, The wise livelihood, The cheerful livelihood, Korean, Morals, Society, Science, Physical education, and Practical course etc. Physical education had the most contents about health education and there was nothing in Mathematics, Music and Arts. Thirdly, contents about health of regional society and environmental health were the most of 53 hours(19.3%), and contents about understanding of health were the least of 4 hours(1.4%). Fourthly, contents included equally in every grades were those about safety and emergency response, health of home and society, health of regional society and environmental health.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting school resilience among middle school students. Methods: The 388 survey samples were divided into high level group, middle level group and low level group in terms of the self-rated academic grades. Data were analyzed with $x^2$, ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: First, self-rated health, self-competence and school resilience were significantly different by academic grades. Second, the high and middle level group of self-rated academic grade showed the effect of self-competence(sport competence, self-worth) on school resilience. Conclusions: It was suggested to develop physical, mental and social health programs and policies were required for improvement of self-competence and the school resilience.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2008

Objectives: This study examined to explain the practical health behaviour and health-related quality of life, and their influencing factors in high school students. Methods: Total of 718 high school students from 1 school in Seoul were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire regarding general characteristics, health related characteristics, obesity index(Height and weight calculated by using the relative weight law: obesity group>20%, overweight group $10{\sim}20%$, normal weight group $-10{\sim}10%$, under weight group <-10%), health behaviour in school-aged children(eating, exercise and weight control) and health-related quality of life(PedsQLTM4.0 Generic Core Scale: physical health, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning). Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The rate of obesity by obesity index was 5.3% of high school students. Obesity incidence in adolescents was mainly associated with gender and parents whether obesity. 2. Perceived health status was lower in obese adolescents than in normal adolescents. 3. The rate of miss a breakfast was 37.9%, and obesity group than normal weight group were fruits, vegetables and milk intake at least, a lot of fastfood intake. During the past week, followed by intense physical activity, and overweight consumed a lot of time for TV and the Internet. Overall, under weight group and normal weight group belong to the students evaluated fatter than themselves. Weight control for weight loss, gain and maintain was grater in obesity group than in normal weight group. Weight loss showed highest scores in overweight group which appeared significant difference. 4. Obese adolescents compared with other groups, reported lower total QOL score and all QOL in domain, and especially social functioning showed significant differences. 5. Factors influencing the adolescents's QOL were found to be gender, perceived health status and exercise. Conclusions: High school girls were aware of their bad health status and likely to improve the QOL by practicing health behaviour. But obese adolescents were likely to degrade the quality of life by reducing the practice of health behaviors. So further school-based education about proper practical health behaviors and obesity prevention is necessary.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-67
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• 1995

The problem related to sex is closely connected with human life. It is important to acquire accurate sexual knowledge and desirable attitude specially during adolescence, in the physical, psychological and emotional changing period. This study was made to find out the high school girls' knowledge, attitude and experience related to sex, and to support the progress of sex education at school in the future. The design was nonequivalent control pretest-posttest in the quasi-experimental design. In current study, the subjects were 102 girls from the 1 st grade of girls' commercial high school. It was control group 54 and experimental group 48. To teach the experimental group, the sex education program was combined the sex education program made in Korea Education Development Institute, Information of sex education by the Ministry of Education, other concerning articles and previous studies. The research tool was a questionnaire based on the literature review. The pretest-posttest was given to the two groups. The sex education had been taken for the experimental group but not been taken for the control group. The data was collected from May 22, 1993 to July 20, 1993 and was analyzed through spss $^{pc}$. The frequency, $x^2$-test and t-test were calculated. Summarized findings from the study are as follows : groups before sex education. 1. Regarding the first hypothesis was supported as following : "The scores of sexual knowledge in the experimental group who was given sex education will be higher than those of the control group who was not given." (t=-14.11, p=.000) 2. Regarding the second hypothesis was supported as following : "The scores of the attitude toward sex in the experimental group who given sex education will be higher than those of the control group who was not given." (t=-6.15, p=.000) The result of this study suggests that it is so necessary that school nurses should teach about sex regularly at school.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.238-254
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to provide baseline information useful for developing education programs to prevent sexual harassment in schools. Survey of recognition and experiences of sexual harassment and analysis of factors associated with sexual harassment were conducted. The data were collected using questionnaires from December 9 through 28, 2002. A total of 737 female teachers in Daegu participated in the survey. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and T-test using SPSS /WIN 11.0. The study results were as follows: 1. As to the characteristics related to sexual harassment, $51.3\%$ of the female teachers had no experience of preventive education about sexual harassment, $37.2\%$ of the female teachers perceived that enactment of related laws had little influence on the prevalence of sexual harassment, and $59.8\%$ thought strict punishments are required. For teachers who have experienced sexual harassment in schools, $39.8\%$ thought that they must report to the counseling office or female teachers' meeting. On the other hand, $35.7\%$ answered that they would take passive actions such as talking to their friends or colleagues. 2. As to the mode of sexual harassment, participants regarded physical harassment $(4.06\pm0.78)$ as the prominent forms of sexual harassment, followed by visual harassment $(4.04\pm0.77)$, and verbal harassment $(3.86\pm0.81)$. Among physical harassment. 'touching a body part (shoulder, hip, hand, etc)(4.58) was recognized as prominent forms of physical harassment, while 'blocking one's path or impeding one's movement (3.48)' was recognized as least prominent forms of physical harassment. 3. As to the experiences of sexual harassment, $79.8\%$ of the female teachers had experienced sexual harassment. According to the characteristics of schools. public junior high school $(87.8\%)$, private high school $(83.4\%)$ and bisexual school $(82.5\%)$ had higher rates of sexual harassment. 4. As to the characteristics of experiences in sexual harassment. $65.3\%$ thought that sexual harassment was not serious, but $18.9\%$ thought it was serious and $2.2\%$ thought as very serious. 5. As to the characteristics of sexual harassers, $378.6\%$ were 'colleague teachers' and $8.6\%$ were 'principals and/or vice-principals'. Ninety-three percent of sexual harassers were , male' and $40.2\%$ of them were 'in their 40s'. In most cases. the offender of the sexual harassment was male teachers in the same schools. And more than half of the female teachers replied they had never had any education related to sexual harassment. which means that systematic education is quite urgent.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.216-228
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-school teachers' observation experience and their pre and post degrees of preferences in observing underground and water living things, fungus, insects, flowerless plants and sea lives. Based on the analysis, their pre-observation experience in living things were insects, ocean creatures, underground living things, flowerless plants, fungus and water living things in order. The degree of preferences in flowerless plans based on their gender, the female pre-service teachers showed higher scores than the average in both pre and post test. The male, however, responded higher scores in underground living things in both tests. Their background such as liberal arts or science or arts and physical major affected their preferences scores in water living things, insects and flowerless plans in the post test, and the science major pre-service teachers showed the highest degree of preferences in insects among the liberal arts, science or arts and physical major pre-teachers in the post test. In conclusion, there were different degree of their preferences affected by the pre observation experience, gender difference, their present majors such as the liberal arts, science or arts and physical major, the categories of living things but not in their high school background such as liberal arts or science.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

Objective: Gymnastics on rings needs a high level of muscle strength with balance ability for controlling the body. A study on a new balance training program is necessary for elite gymnasts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week pilates core-muscle training on balance ability and asymmetry index of the L-sit on the rings in male elite gymnasts. Method: Ten elite gymnasts (age: $20.6{\pm}0.7years$, height: $169.9{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $65.4{\pm}5.6kg$, career duration: $20.6{\pm}0.7years$), who are students at K-university, participated in this study. Results: First, the range of the COM tended to decrease in the anterior-posterior direction. Second, the left hip joint angle and knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion angles significantly increased after the pilates training. Third, the ROM also increased. Fourth, the symmetry value increased in the hip angle, while the symmetry index in all joints of the ROM decreased. As a result, the pilates core-muscle training influenced the static balance ability during the L-sit on the rings. Conclusion: Accordingly, the pilates core-muscle training is suitable in enhancing the basic balance ability in gymnastics on rings.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.611-619
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• 2006

The aims of this study are to investigate science high school students' understanding of velocity and acceleration of a simple pendulum bob, and to investigate their understanding of inertia and gravitational force in the motion of a pendulum bob when the tension is removed. For the study, 46 students that had already studied the physical, concepts in simple pendulum were sampled from a science high school in a large city in Korea. For a comparison with general high school students' conceptions, 49 students were sampled from a general high school in the same city. The test tool for the investigation consisted of four drawing and simple-answering type questions developed by the authors. The outcomes of the study revealed that a substantial number of science high school students have misconceptions concerning acceleration in pendulum motion, and that many of them do not understand the relationship between force and acceleration. In addition, the results of the study showed that more than 30% of the students drew the path of a bob going along the tangential direction at the highest point of the motion, and approximately 20% of them drew the path of a bob falling straight down at the lowest point of the motion.