• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Nineteen strains of Trametes species were collected from the area of Kangwon Province, Korea. They have a variety of color hands and line-up markings on fruit bodies. Most strains were categorized into four types based on color bands, that is, dark brown, light brown, dark gray and light gray. They also have line-up marking shapes from sparse to compact on fruit bodies. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between the genetic variation and morphological appearance of these species using the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequence, we used nineteen strains collected in nature and four species of five standard strains (T. versicolor KCTC16781, KCTC26203, T. villosa KCTC06866, T. suaveolens KCTC26205 and T. hirusta KCTC26200). The data of ITS sequences indicated that nineteen strains of T. versicolor have the difference of $1{\sim}6$ base pairs, comparing with standard strains of T. versicolor KCTC16781, and KCTC26203. Phylogenetic analysis of the Trametes species showed that they grouped into a wide range of single clade. Standard strains except T. versicolor KCTC16781 and KCTC26203, formed separated subgroup.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.278-286
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• 2005

This study was conducted to classify 80 Artemisia spp. collections based on morphological characters and RAPD analysis to get the basic information of Artemisia spp. collections as medicinal plants. The eighty Artemisia spp. collections were classified into 5 groups with the maximum distance 0.82 between clusters based on the complete linkage cluster analysis with morphological traits. Out of 80 operon primer, 10 primers showing polymorphic bands were selected for RAPD analysis. Among the 98 bands amplified with the primers, 68 (69%) bands showed polymorphism. The number of amplified bands ranged from 8 to 10 with an average number of 9.8 bands. Artemisia spp. collections classified into 6 groups with the similarity value of 0.63 in dendrogram derived from the cluster analysis based on RAPDs. Group consisted of 29 collections. Group, which is the largest one, contained 40 collections. Most of the A. asiatica and A. feddei LEV et VNT. were classified into Group and. The rest of the collections (31%) were classified into Group $III{\sim}V$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2008

This study was conducted to obtain the basic data for using the Artemisia genetic resources as a medicinal crop. 24 taxa including Artemisia capillaris Thunb. were analyzed by principal component analysis of 25 characters and cluster analysis for classification. In Principal components analysis of individuals of taxa using 25 morphological characters of reproductive organ, the first, the second, the third and the fourth components contributed 44.73%, 16.86%, 8.88%, and 7.07% of the variations, respectively. The cumulative contribution from the first to the fourth principal components was 77.56%. In cluster analysis, taxa of Artemisia L. was seperated 3 group by 25 morphological characters of reproductive organ, but it didn't completely coincident with Kitamura classification.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2015

Agar-hydrolyzing bacteria were isolated from the coastal sea water of Jeju Island. One isolate, designated as S4, was selected for further study. The S4 cells were Gram-negative and rod-shaped with smooth beige surfaces and single polar flagellum. Cells were grown at $15-42^{\circ}C$, 0.5-5% (w/v) NaCl, between pH 6.0 and 9.0, and in media containing 0.5-5% (w/v) NaCl. The G+C content was 49.93 mol%. The major fatty acids (>15%) were $C_{18:1}{\omega}7c$, $C_{16:0}$ and Summed feature 3 (comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}$ 2-OH). Based on 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the strain was designated as Vibrio sp. S4. In liquid culture supplemented with 0.1% agar the cell density and agarase activity reached a maximum level in 72 h, while agarase activity in the culture without agar was negligible, implying agarose expression is induced by agar. The optimum pH and temperature for the extracellular crude agarase of S4 were 7.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, it also exhibited 98.6% and 87.6% at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively, of the maximum activity seen at $45^{\circ}C$. The crude agarase hydrolyzed agarose into (neo)agarotetraose and (neo)agarohexaose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

Molecular and cultivation techniques were used to characterize the bacterial communities of biobead reactor biofilms in a sewage treatment plant to which an Aerated Up-Flow Biobead process was applied. With this biobead process, the monthly average values of various chemical parameters in the effluent were generally kept under the regulation limits of the effluent quality of the sewage treatment plant during the operation period. Most probable number (MPN) analysis revealed that the population of denitrifying bacteria was abundant in the biobead #1 reactor, denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria coexisted in the biobead #2 reactor, and nitrifying bacteria prevailed over denitrifying bacteria in the biobead #3 reactor. The results of the MPN test suggested that the biobead #2 reactor was a transition zone leading to acclimated nitrifying biofilms in the biobead #3 reactor. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences cloned from biofilms showed that the biobead #1 reactor, which received a high organic loading rate, had much diverse microorganisms, whereas the biobead #2 and #3 reactors were dominated by the members of Proteobacteria. DGGE analysis with the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene supported the observation from the MPN test that the biofilms of September were fully developed and specialized for nitrification in the biobead reactor #3. All of the DNA sequences of the amoA DGGE bands were very similar to the sequence of the amoA gene of Nitrosomonas species, the presence of which is typical in the biological aerated filters. The results of this study showed that organic and inorganic nutrients were efficiently removed by both denitrifying microbial populations in the anaerobic tank and heterotrophic and nitrifying bacterial biofilms well-formed in the three functional biobead reactors in the Aerated Up-Flow Biobead process.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.297-311
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• 2017

Saprolegniasis is one of the most devastating oomycete diseases in freshwater fish which is caused by species in the genus Saprolegnia including Saprolegnia parasitica. In this study, we isolated the strain of S. parasitica from diseased rainbow trout in Korea. Morphological and molecular based identification confirmed that isolated oomycete belongs to the member of S. parasitica, supported by its typical features including cotton-like mycelium, zoospores and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer region. Pathogenicity of isolated S. parasitica was developed in embryo, juvenile, and adult zebrafish as a disease model. Host-pathogen interaction in adult zebrafish was investigated at transcriptional level. Upon infection with S. parasitica, pathogen/antigen recognition and signaling (TLR2, TLR4b, TLR5b, NOD1, and major histocompatibility complex class I), pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin $[IL]-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8, interferon ${\gamma}$, IL-12, and IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9 and MMP13), cell surface molecules ($CD8^+$ and $CD4^+$) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) related genes were differentially modulated at 3- and 12-hr post infection. As an anti-Saprolegnia agent, plant based lawsone was applied to investigate on the susceptibility of S. parasitica showing the minimum inhibitory concentration and percentage inhibition of radial growth as $200{\mu}g/mL$ and 31.8%, respectively. Moreover, natural lawsone changed the membrane permeability of S. parasitica mycelium and caused irreversible damage and disintegration to the cellular membranes of S. parasitica. Transcriptional responses of the genes of S. parasitica mycelium exposed to lawsone were altered, indicating that lawsone could be a potential anti-S. parasitica agent for controlling S. parasitica infection.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the morphological characteristics of seeds of 12 taxa of Araliaceae, and to evaluate their possible use for taxonomic considerations. For light microscope observations and measurements, the seeds were observed using Image Analyzing System. The observations were made on twenty randomly selected seeds of each species. Obtained data were statistically processed using analysis of variance. Principal Components Analysis indicated four groups of characters, the genera Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Panax and the others, which explained 65.47% of the total variation. As a results of Cluster Analysis using the eleven variables, 12 species of Araliaceae were also discriminated into four groups. Eleutherococcus senticosus and E. gracilistylus were closely related, which is well supported by the results from recent molecular studies. Also, the genera Dendropanax and Eleutherococcus were closely related in terms of seed characters.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

The total production volume has been sharply increased from year 2008 in Gyeongnam province, South Korea by the policy of preservation and promotion of indigenous balloon flower germ lines. In an attempt to assist the Gyeongnam province's policy, in this study, we tried to establish a technique to differentiate the indigenous balloon flower germ lines with those collected within South Korea and China. Our preliminary results indicated that RAPD analyses with five different primers exhibited high frequency of polymorphic DNA bands up to 76.9% and phylogenetic tree indicated that some of the indigenous lines can be easily differentiated with others. However, it was suggested that more advanced techniques such as single nucleotide polymorphic markers need to be developed in particular, by using extra-chromosomal DNA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.318-327
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• 2007

This study presents the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Korean Aurelia aurita Linnaeus collected from Yeosu in the southern waters of Korea using nuclear ITS1 region and mitochondrial COI gene sequences. The use of oligonucleotide primers F5 (forward) and R5 (reverse) targeted to ITS1 and LCO1490 (forward) and HCO2198 (reverse) targeted to COI amplified 267 bp and 643 bp fragments, respectively. The shortest genetic distance towards the ITS1 region is estimated at 0.023 when comparing Korean A. aurita to Aurelia sp. collected from California, USA. In particular, Korean and American/Swedish A. aurita were located far away in terms of genetic distance, ranging from 0.393 to 0.395. On the other hand, the genetic distance between Korean and English/Turkish/Swedish/American A. aurita regarding the mitochondrial DNA COI gene ranged from 0.201 to 0.205. However, a sister-ship with Korean and American A. aurita showed an extremely high bootstrap value (100%). The predicted secondary RNA structure of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene showed many different folding structures with a similar energy between Korean and American A. aurita. These results suggest that ITS1 and the mitochondrial DNA COI gene could be used as genetic markers for identification of the biogeographic populations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to isolate soy curd forming bacterial strains. Soy curd forming bacteria were isolated from Kimchi, a traditional Korean vegetable food that is fermented using lactic acid bacteria. Among 196 bacterial strains, ten isolates (strain No. 2-2-2, 2-15-2, 2-18-1, 2-19-2, 3-4-1, 3-4-2, 3-8-1, 3-8-3, 3-17-1, 4-39-5) formed firm soy curd. The isolated bacterial strains were identified by molecular biological and biochemical analyses. The genomic DNAs extracted from the isolated bacterial strains were used as a template for PCR amplification of 16S rDNA region. By comparing the results of the 16s rDNA sequences with GenBank data, the isolated strains were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides group and Lactobacillus sakei group. The phylogenetic position of soy curd forming strains and their related taxa were investigated using neighbor-joining method. L. mesenteroides group was further identified as L. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum based on biochemical properties. L. sakei group was named Lactobacillus sp., because it showed a variety of biochemical properties.