• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.91-101
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• 2023

This study was attempted to identify the essence by confirming the experiences of students who participated in Habuta classes in their major subjects. From November 22, 2022 to December 6, 2022, eight nursing students were individually interviewed to collect data, and the data were analyzed by applying Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis methodology. The study's finding derived 6 categories. The specific categories were 'Coexistence of anxiety and expectation', 'Process of understanding and acquisition', 'Constant burden and discomfort', 'Progress and regression under pressure', 'Sense of security that is being recognized', 'Shift of thought to positivity'. In order for nursing students to participate in Havruta classes positively in the future, appropriate class design, active communication channels between professors and students, and strengthening of instructors' competence are required.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.321-342
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• 2023

This study aims to derive policy implications by analyzing the experiences of Korean ICT startups that participated in the government's online export and trade consultation platform, designed to support ICT startups' overseas expansion during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology involved the analysis of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with six startups who participated in an online export and trade consultation platform, using Giorgi's phenomenological methodology. The analysis resulted in the identification of ten subcategories, including two subcategories for each of the five categories. These categories and subcategories offer a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of ICT startups in navigating the online export and trade counseling platforms. The findings suggest that online export and trade consultation platforms for ICT startups offer efficiency benefits by reducing time and space constraints, but they also reveal limitations in terms of practical business continuity. This study holds academic and practical significance by providing insights into how ICT startups navigate online export and trade counseling platforms during the pandemic.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is a qualitative study to understand the meaning and essence of nursing students' non-face-to-face learning experience. It was conducted for two months from March to April 2022, targeting 12 students who participated in non-face-to-face learning, and three focus groups were formed and interviewed. Interview data were analyzed using Coaizzi's phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 4 themes and 12 subtopics were derived. The four themes were 'freedom', 'efficiency', 'self-control', and 'lack of social skills'. Nursing students learned the meaning of non-face-to-face learning through non-face-to-face learning. Through the non-face-to-face learning experience of nursing students, the true meaning of non-face-to-face learning was analyzed and learned. The results of this study provided an understanding of the non-face-to-face learning experience of nursing students, which can be applied to the diversification of non-face-to-face education programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.223-247
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• 1996

This study was done to provide information which would lead to nursing care of the elderly being more holistically through an understanding of the phenomena of powerlessness based on the lived experience of powerlessness by the elderly, the meaning the elderly give to such phenomena, and what essence of powerlessness is. The methodology used in this study was Max Van Manen's phenomenological method based on the philosophy of Merleu-Ponty and a concerted approach was realized through the 11 steps suggested in the Van Manen's method. Data collection was done from March 2, 1995 to December 30, 1995. The subjects for this study were four elderly persons who lived with their families and who were over 60 years of age. Data were collected about the lived experience of the elderly, this researcher's experience of powerlessness, the linguistic meaning of powerlessness, idioms of the word or a feeling of powerlessness, and descriptions of powerlessness in the elderly as they appeared in the literature, are works, and phenomenological literature. All data were used to provide insights into the phenomena of powerlessness. Data about the experience of powerlessness by the elderly were collected through open interviews, participation, and observation. In the analysis of the theme of this study, the aspects of the theme, powerlessness in the elderly were clarified, thereby abstracting and finding meaningful statements by the elderly about their feeling of powerlessness, and then those significant statements were expressed as linguistic transformations. The summarized findings from the study are as follows : 1. Five meanings of powerlessness in the elderly were defined. 〈weakness〉, 〈dependence〉, 〈frustration〉, 〈worthlessness〉 and 〈giving up〉. 2. 〈Weakness〉 means that the elderly experience, not only their aging but also, their becoming weak and the loss of physical function frequently caused by diseases. 〈Dependence〉 means that the elderly experience dependence without any influence from the surroundings and that elderly patients who are hospitalized lose their autonomy, follow entirely their doctor's prescriptions, use aid equipment and directions, and depend only on those things. 〈Frustration〉 means that the elderly experience the loss of their roles from the past, there by feeling that there is no work for them to do anymore and therefore feel unable to do anything. 〈Worthlessness〉 means that the elderly experience the feeling of losing their social roles from the past, having no financial ability, thereby being a burden to their children or the people around them, and therefore regarding themselves useless. 〈Giving up〉 means that the elderly experience the feeling of closeness to death in the final stage of their lifetime, lose hope to be healed from their disease, and recognize the incontrollability of their own body. 3. From a general view of the meaning of the theme the powerlessness in the elderly-the most essential meaning of the theme is the 〈sense of loss〉. For the elderly are experiencing a sense of loss in the situation of being elderly and therefore being often hospitalized. Brief definitions of the five phenomena could be 〈weakness〉 meaning the loss of physical strength, 〈dependence〉 the loss of mentality caused by disease and hospitalization, 〈frustration〉 and 〈worthlessness〉 the loss of social performance caused by the loss of social functions from the past, and lastly 〈giving up〉 the loss of the controllability of such situations of aging and suffering disease. In light of the discussion above, it is understandable that the hospitalized elderly experience powerlessness not only as it related to their diseases but also to their normal aging, and this related to other characteristics of being elderly means that the 〈sense of loss〉 is the very essence of their powerlessness. 4. While most cases are of the normal elderly experiencing powerlessness in relation to their social network, cases of elderly who are hospitalized are of those experiencing powerlessness in relation to the loss of their physical desire. 5. The findings discussed above can serve as guidelines for nurses who take care of the ill elderly who are hospitalized and that can provide cues to appropriate nursing service, recognizing that the subjective experience of the objective age of the elderly is so important. Nurses can provide highly qualitative nursing service, based on their deep understanding of the suffering of the elderly due to feelings of powerlessness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.270-284
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to understand the essential structure and meaning of self-management intervention for breast cancer survivors by using non-pharmacological approaches. The study participants were 10 breast cancer survivors who were completing cancer treatment that involved surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Data collected between August 2014 and February 2015 at E Hospital in S city were analyzed by using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Outcomes were classified into seven essential themes: 1) application of comfort measures to alleviate ongoing symptoms, 2) movement to change physical conditions, 3) special herbal intake to prevent recurrence, 4) a specially designed diet plan for health self-management, 5) constant awareness of complementary and alternative medicine, 6) unmet needs treated by one's own doctor's prescription, and 7) future life toward a nature-friendly environment. The study results contribute to a deeper understanding of self-management interventions in the daily lives of Korean breast cancer survivors. In addition, results provide an essential resource, based on actual self-management styles, that will help survivors to obtain guidance and participate in appropriate programs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.40-63
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• 1998

A long life is the desire of many people. The purpose of this study was to describe long life factors for people aged one hundred and above on Chju island. The research was conducted using a phenomenological method to add understanding to this subject. The field work for this study was done from July, 1997 to February, 1998 on Cheju island. The sample consisted of 10 persons of one hundred or above and 12 families. They were audio-recorded and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method. The results of the present study shows the following: The thoughts of the persons one hundred and above showed ten important concepts; 'dietary regimen', 'mental regimen', 'sleep regimen', 'residence regimen', 'health regimen', 'labor regimen', 'exercise regimen', 'being born', 'filial piety and posterity', 'attachment to life'. Concerning 'Dietary Regimen': Dietary regulation, Preferential food intake, Living on vegetables, Light eating, and concern for longevity in food intake were important. Concerning 'Mental Regimen' : Harmony, Clearheadedness, Mildness, Abstinence, Generosity, Relaxation, Gaiety, Inspiration and Strength were important. Concerning 'Sleep Regimen'; Enough sleeping hours, Sound sleep, Curved sleeping posture, and Comfortable bedding were important. Concerning 'Residence Regimen' ; Clean dwelling, Pleasant surroundings, Thatched house life, Living in the village with good-hearted people, and Regular life were important. Concerning 'Health Regimen'; Temperance of drug, use Proper temperature, Proper humidity, and a Clean body were important. Concerning 'Labor Regimen'; Agricultural labor, Diligence, and Domestic labor were important. Concerning Exercise Regimen': Proper exercise, and Sunbathing were important. Concerning 'Being Born' ; Strong physical constitution, Longevity lineage, and Destiny were important. Concerning 'Filial Piety and Posterity' : Showing respect to a long-lived elder and Reducing anxiety were important. Concerning 'Attachment to Life' ; The desire to live long was important. The following conclusion was made from the above results. Human beings cannot avoid death, but the span of life can be prolonged to the maximum span of human life by wisdom, health care, and proper environmental conditions. As a result, a health regimen must be imposed for longevity such as controling food intake, having positive thoughts, being relaxed, sleeping enough, clean dwelling, taking care of oneself which can improve immunity and resistance to decrease, as well as proper labor and exercise. In addition, when filial piety is served, the desire of longevity and retaining one's youthfulness for a long time can be achieved. These should be done to live long and lead a qualitative life. By the results of this research, the following is suggesed for nursing. To satisfy the basic nursing principle that nursing must be practiced to help people live long, education must be spread to people who are nursed and their family so that they can lead a healthy life. And in nursing elders, nurses must recognize that elders have a strong desire for life, even though they may have negative thoughts about life at times. Therefore nurses have to respect the elders' value of life, and help them improve their self-esteem and self -fulfilment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.271-300
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to discover how the performance of service is perceived by those who receive the services. For the purpose of this study, perception on service performance is defined as "the perception of the changes in daily life as a result or in the course of using Cultural Welfare Services, i.e., the users' own perception of the tangible changes made through the community experience, the perception of others arising from interaction within the community, and the perception of future social relations or vision of the future." The study was conducted by using the qualitative research method of phenomenological approach aimed at understanding the essential aspects of interpersonal phenomena as they occur in a sociocultural context. The outcomes of the study that users' perception on performance of Cultural Welfare Services is principally "a process of enabling users who have hitherto led a life devoid of meaning and values to explore the opportunities of changing the course of life by awakening their cultural sensitivity." With regard to the essence of performance, which is a higher category, the analyses have led to the following findings: "perception of 'me' within the community", "emotional stability acquired in the course of task performance", "perception of a new 'me' through community activities", "perception of 'others' face to face with me", and "exploration of opportunities for a new life".

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.283-295
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• 2021

This study attempts to explore the nature of science anxiety experienced by science-gifted middle school students based on Giorgi's phenomenological research method. Among the first-year middle school students selected by the University-affiliated Science Education Institute for the Gifted, six science-gifted students with high levels of science trait anxiety and science state anxiety experience were selected. Two interviews related to experience of science anxiety were conducted with participants. As a result of the analysis, science anxiety experienced by science-gifted students was caused by setting the ideal self-concept, lack of confidence, past experiences, difficulty in contents, and something valuable. Students complained of physical·physiological, cognitive, emotional·psychological discomfort when they felt science anxiety, and recognized it as an opportunity for growth. In addition, science-gifted students were shown to cope with various ways such as confronting uneasy situations directly or refining their minds to overcome various uncomfortable symptoms that arise when science anxiety is triggered. Some students thought that no special efforts were required to lower their level of anxiety because anxiety was relieved over time. The students had both negative and positive meanings for science anxiety. The results of this study will help teachers in-depth understanding of middle school science-gifted students who experience science anxiety and provide a theoretical basis for what kind of educational environment should be created and educational programs should be provided in relation to science anxiety.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.646-658
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• 2020

This study assessed the experience of telehealth digital art therapy with a phenomenological case study method based on the need for a psychotherapeutic intervention of caring for the psychological health of self-quarantined people before confirmed with COVID-19. The research participant was a 17-year-old adolescent (girl) from Canada, who participated in seven sessions in a structured telehealth digital art therapy program for 90~120 minutes per session while she was self-quarantining. The analysis of the data was conducted in the process of assessing significant statements through content analysis and drawing themes based on the researcher's pre-understanding and epoche. As a result, 34 themes were drawn, which were classified into 10 common theme clusters and finally into three theses, including "psychology and emotions during self-quarantine", "limitation of remote digital art therapy', and 'positiveness of remote digital art therapy." This study is the case study of telehealth digital art therapy conducted first with a self-quarantined person before confirmed with COVID-19, and at the center of the crisis of COVID-19, hopefully, this study would provide important implications for "psychological quarantine," active self-care for self-quarantined people's psychological health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.222-243
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to present basic data in the nursing practice for the management of living kidney donor by understanding the nature and meaning of kidney donors, experiences. The research subjects were 11 living kidney donors who had donated from Mar 1991 to Feb. 1994 and discharged from the 3 hospitals in Pusan. Data has been collected by Intensive interview with donors. The data analysis has made by phenomenological method of Van Kaam for understanding the phenomenon and meaning of their experiences. The experiences of kidney donors were analyzed into the 4 situations, that is,'motivation of kidney donor', 'decision time to make kidney donation', 'pre-opperation','after donation'. The descriptive expression and common elements were drawn from original data of each situation on the basis of subjects' own words. From each situation, the com-mon elements of kidney donors' experiences were integrated, summarized and described as follows 1. Motivation of kidney donation They wanted to donate their kidney because of empathy of pain on the groung of love to the recipient and with exppectation of successful kidney transplant or as a solution of economic difficulty. 2. Experiences in deciding to make kidney do-nation In deciding to make kidney donation, donors had love toward the recipients. But they experienced conflict too. 3. Experiences before being operated on donated kidney In experiences from deciding to make kidney do nation to preoperation, donors had love toward the recipients. But they also felt anxiety or dissatisfaction. Therefore, they controlled their mind by their faith, support of medical staff or support of society. And they experienced regret for the sociological cognition or financial apprehension. 4. Experiences after kidney donation After kidney donation, donors experienced satis-faction and accompplishment in spite of mental and physical discomfortness, while they felt sense of loss / disappointment, repentance, regret, and apprehension of progress toward their condition. Thus, kidney donors donated their kidney on the ground of empathy and love to the recipient and with expectation of successful kidney transplant. But during the process of kidney donation, they ex perienced conflict, love, anxiety, regret, apprehension of economy. And after donation, they felt sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, while they felt sense of discomfortness, loss / disappointment, re-gret, repentance, or apprehension of progress toward their condition. This result contribute to nurses' role not only for the management of living kidney donors but also for the management of cadaver donors' family.