• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 1992

To study antioxidative activities of Ganoderma lucidum, its extracts were fractionated by various organic solvents with different polarity the extracts were purified by thin chromatography, silicagel column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography. In antioxidative activity tests using thiocyanate method, TBA method and weighing method, fraction 5 from the hexane extract and fraction II from the methanol extract showed antioxidative activity. When the antioxidative activities were expressed as TBA value using a homogeneous liver extracte of rats, the relative antioxidative activities of fraction 5 and fraction II were increased by 13.0% and 54.6%, respectively.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.4 no.2 s.7
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• pp.33-45
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• 1989

The survey was conducted on the actual conditions of species, the facilities, a establishment of regulation concerning laboratory animals and the related problems on users and suppliers of laboratory animals in Korea. The questionnaires were sent to 430 and received from 107$(24.9\%)$ places. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Experimental animals used at the 107 places were 21 species: mouse(90\;places,\;84.1\%)$, rat $(61,\;57.0\%)$, rabbit$(76,\;71.0\%)$, guineapig$(42,\; 39.3\%)$ etc. 2. The main organizations using laboratory animals were university $46(43.0\%)$, institute $32(29.9\%)$ and pharmaceutical company $27(25.2\%)$ etc. 3. Most the laboratory animal facilities in Korea have been conventional system without environmental controls, but a few places have been recently established barrier system. 4. To get a good experimental result, a regular genetic and microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals should be done. 5. It was required that a educational facilities and a quality test agency for laboratory animals should be established. 6. It was also required that a regulation for breeding and using of laboratory animals should 'be enacted.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.525-528
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• 1997

Steroid $9{\alpha}$.-hydroxylase is a key enzyme system in steroid nucleus degradation in company with ${\Delta}$-dehydrogenase. To examine $9{\alpha}$-hydroxylase activity during microbial transformation of steroids, 9(11)-dehydro-$17{\alpha}$-methyl-testosterone was adopted as a stable substrate for preventing the rupture of steroid nucleus. Using Nocardia restrictus ATCC 14887 capable of introducing a $9{\alpha}$-hydroxyl group into steroids, $9{\alpha}$,$11{\alpha}$-oxido-$17{\beta}$-hydroxy-$17{\alpha}$-methyl-4-androstene-3-one and $9{\alpha}$-hydroxyl group into steroids,$9{\alpha}$,$11{\alpha}$-oxido-$17{\beta}$-hydroxy-$17{\alpha}$-methyl-1,4-androstadiene-3- one were obtained. These microbiologically transformed products could be used as reference compounds in the enzyme assay.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

Decursin is a major biological active component of Angelica gigas Nakai and is known to induce apoptosis of metastatic prostatic cancer cells. Recently, other reports have been commissioned to examine the anticancer activities of this plant. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity and related mechanism of action of decursin against glioblastoma cell line. Decursin demonstrated cytotoxic effects on U87 and C6 glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner but not in primary glial cells. Additionally, decursin increased apoptotic bodies and phosphorylated JNK and p38 in U87 cells. Decursin also down-regulated Bcl-2 as well as cell cycle dependent proteins, CDK-4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, decursin-induced apoptosis was dependent on the caspase activation in U87 cells. Taken together, our data provide the evidence that decursin induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, making it a potential candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug against brain tumor.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.735-740
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess how accounting conservatism is practiced in the Jordanian pharmaceuticals and medical industry. It assesses the association between accounting conservatism and intellectual capital (IC) in this industry. This study measures IC performance using the market price per share less book value. Accounting conservatism is measured using the book-to-price ratio, and the data was collected from company annual reports and the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) website. The data was collected for the period of six years (2014 to 2019). The sample was made up of four companies in the industry listed in the ASE. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program though the ordinary least squares regression model to assess how accounting conservatism is associated with IC. The findings indicate a negative association with companies having higher IC performance and reporting lower accounting conservatism. IC is applied more in these companies, although it might be lower than in other companies in other sectors. This study provides empirical evidence on how IC is applied in the industry and how it might be negatively associated with accounting conservatism. Findings indicate the need for more effective policies to promote recognition of intangible assets in the sector.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Objectives: The most prominent microorganisms that cause hospital infections and acquire antibiotic resistance are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The present study aimed to compare the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of various Allium ampeloprasum and Allium porrum extracts and evaluate the antibacterial effects of these extracts against these two microorganisms. Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the acetone, methanol, aqueous, and hexane leeks extracts from A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum were measured. The antibacterial activity of these extracts against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was tested using the disk diffusion method for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Further, the minimum inhibitory concentrations and the minimum bactericidal concentrations of these extracts for these two bacteria were evaluated and compared with those of common antibiotics. Results: The aqueous extracts showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and at concentrations of 35 and 40 mg per disk, showed the most antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; P. aeruginosa showed more sensitivity to the aqueous extracts than S. aureus. Conclusion: Aqueous A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum extracts may prevent the growth of hospital pathogens, especially P. aeruginosa; our findings will aid the discovery of new antimicrobial substances against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.180-189
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• 2016

The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis places importance on the detection of TB (tuberculosis) drug susceptibility. Conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a lengthy process. We developed a rapid enzymatic color-reaction-based biochip assay. The process included asymmetric multiplex PCR/templex PCR, biochip hybridization, and an enzymatic color reaction, with specific software for data operating. Templex PCR (tem-PCR) was applied to avoid interference between different primers in conventional multiplex-PCR. We applied this assay to 276 clinical specimens (including 27 sputum, 4 alveolar lavage fluid, 2 pleural effusion, and 243 culture isolate specimens; 40 of the 276 were non-tuberculosis mycobacteria specimens and 236 were M. tuberculosis specimens). The testing process took 4.5 h. A sensitivity of 50 copies per PCR was achieved, while the sensitivity was 500 copies per PCR when tem-PCR was used. Allele sequences could be detected in mixed samples at a proportion of 10%. Detection results showed a concordance rate of 97.46% (230/236) in rifampicin resistance detection (sensitivity 95.40%, specificity 98.66%) and 96.19% (227/236) in isoniazid (sensitivity 93.59%, specificity 97.47%) detection with those of DST assay. Concordance rates of testing results for sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, and pleural effusion specimens were 100%. The assay provides a potential choice for TB diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

In SCM(Supply Chain Management), a management paradigm where the customer satisfaction is to be achieved by minimizing the cost, reducing the uncertainty, and obtaining the overall optimization. As it performs the integrated operation of the paths of information, assets, and knowledge from the raw material providers to the retailers, the adoption of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) in SCM could be expected to magnify the effectiveness of the system. However, there is a huge risk by deciding whether or not RFID system is adopted without the objective analysis under the uncertain circumstances. This research paper presents the statistical analysis methodologies for the comparison of RFID with Barcode on the aspect of utility and the statistical analysis tool, RUSAT, which was programmed for nonstatisticians' convenience. Assuming a pharmaceutical industry, this paper illustrates how the data were entered and analyzed in RUSAT. The results of this research are expected to be used not only for the pharmaceutical related company but also for the manufacturer, the whole-saler, and the retailer in the other logistic industries.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.143-167
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of innovation activities and their performance in pre-IPO and post-IPO of KOSDAQ IPO listed companies in medical and pharmaceutical fields, which require high R&D investment, from 2000 to 2005 in Korea. The innovation efficiencies of the IPO companies were measured before and after three years based on the DEA model. The financial data and patent information of the listed company during total 6 years, which were 3 years before IPO and 3 years after IPO, were collected. The main results of this research are as follows. First, it took an average 12.86 years until IPO in the start-up of the IPO companies in the pharmaceutical sector, and innovation was on average more active than the IPO before. R&D investment was higher than the IPO before, and the number of the applied patent during 3 years after IPO was 16.67 which was increased from 8.43 during 3 years before IPO. In addition, the average scope of technology of the IPO companies was expanded from 11 to 22 technology fields during previous 3 year and after 3 year each, and financial growth after IPO was lower than the previous IPO. Second, the financial performance of R&D investment and the performance of patent activity were weakened in the efficiency after the IPO, and the integrated performance from the patenting activities and the R&D investment was decreased after the IPO. Finally, the efficiency of the financial performance of the patenting activity was lower than the efficiency of the financial performance of the patent and R&D investment and patent activities under the R&D investment. In particular, the inefficiency of the firms' patenting activities performance after the IPO was caused by the decreasing return to scale, according to the results of this study. This results implicate that the expansion of R&D investments through the IPO had not lead to the financial performance of the market, and that the overall inefficiency since the IPO is due to the inefficiencies at the stage for the outcome of innovation activity rather than the output obtained through the R&D investments that appear to lead the performance of the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

This study investigates the effects of a hangover beverage (MIX) that contains minerals (highly-salty mineral water, HSMW) and several medicinal plant extracts, on antioxidant and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol administered Sprague-Dawley rats. HSMW is pumped from below the sedimentary rock layer of Dadaepo, Busan, South Korea, which is 1,050 m below the land surface; it tastes salty, like sea water. In terms of medicinal plant extracts, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rubus coreanus and Cornus officinalis were measured as being significantly higher than those in Curcuma longa. The results suggest that treatment with MIX significantly increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In the 10% HSMW-, for MIX- and company product (CP)-treated groups, the concentration of blood alcohol was significantly reduced 1~5 hr after alcohol loading, compared to that in the control group. In hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzyme activities, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was found to be higher in the MIX- and CP-treated groups than in controls, whereas acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was significantly higher in the CP-treated groups than other groups. This study concludes, therefore, that MIX (HSMW) minerals, like as Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn, and others stimulate alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, while the antioxidants of plant extracts prevent the damage otherwise incurred by alcohol toxicity. These results suggest that the hangover beverage (MIX) alleviates alcohol hangover symptoms by stimulating activities related to hepatic alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant effects.