• 제목/요약/키워드: Phantom Protection

검색결과 138건 처리시간 0.018초

Development of Detailed Korean Adult Eye Model for Lens Dose Calculation

  • Han, Haegin;Zhang, Xujia;Yeom, Yeon Soo;Choi, Chansoo;Nguyen, Thang Tat;Shin, Bangho;Ha, Sangseok;Moon, Sungho;Kim, Chan Hyeong
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2020
  • Background: Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) lowered the dose limit for the eye lens from 150 mSv to 20 mSv, highlighting the importance of accurate lens dose estimation. The ICRP reference computational phantoms used for lens dose calculation are mostly based on the data of Caucasian population, and thus might be inappropriate for Korean population. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a detailed Korean eye model was constructed by determining nine ocular dimensions using the data of Korean subjects. The developed eye model was then incorporated into the adult male and female mesh-type reference Korean phantoms (MRKPs), which were then used to calculate lens doses for photons and electrons in idealized irradiation geometries. The calculated lens doses were finally compared with those calculated with the ICRP mesh-type reference computational phantoms (MRCPs) to observe the effect of ethnic difference on lens dose. Results and Discussion: The lens doses calculated with the MRKPs and the MRCPs were not much different for photons for the entire energy range considered in the present study. For electrons, the differences were generally small, but exceptionally large differences were found at a specific energy range (0.5-1 MeV), the maximum differences being about 10 times at 0.6 MeV in the anteroposterior geometry; the differences are mainly due to the difference in the depth of the lens between the MRCPs and the MRKPs. Conclusion: The MRCPs are generally considered acceptable for lens dose calculations for Korean population, except for the electrons at the energy range of 0.5-1 MeV for which it is suggested to use the MRKPs incorporating the Korean eye model developed in the present study.

L-Spine X-선 촬영에서의 Jelly type 차폐체의 산란선 차폐평가 (Evaluation of Scattered Rays of Jelly Type Shielding Body by L-spine AP using X-ray)

  • 장희민;김도권;김형빈;윤준
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제14권7호
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    • pp.907-913
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    • 2020
  • 의료용 X선 방호는 끊임없이 논쟁이 되고 불필요한 피폭을 막으려는 노력은 많은 연구자들의 관심사였다. X선은 환자를 투과하고 영상을 얻기 까지 피사체와 광전효과, 컴프턴산란 등의 상호작용을 하여 산란선을 만든다. 이 때문에 의료방사선 종사자뿐만 아니라 검사를 받는 환자도 환부 외 영역에 불필요한 산란선 피폭을 받게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 본 연구에서는 여성의 인체를 가정하여, 요추정면 검사 조건으로 X선을 팬텀에 조사한 후 유방근처의 산란선과 갑상샘 근처의 산란선을 측정하였다. 이후 jelly type의 차폐체를 제작하여 산란선 차폐 및 방사선감수성이 높은 부위에서 차폐효과를 확인하는 것이 목표이다, 실험결과 차폐체를 적용하였을 때의 갑상선 측정시 평균 0.16 mR, 왼쪽, 오른쪽 유방 측정 시 평균 0.6 mR, 왼쪽 겨드랑이 0.64 mR, 오른쪽 겨드랑이 0.54 mR 의 산란선 평균을 나타내었으며 약 82%의 산란선 차폐효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 향후 기존 방호도구와 비교하여 Jelly type의 차폐 체와의 요추 검사에서 발생하는 피폭의 차폐율을 비교하여 기존 방호도구를 대체할 방안으로 제시 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-Organ-Absorbed Dose Conversion Coefficients for the Epidemiological Study of Korean Radiation Workers

  • Jeong, Areum;Kwon, Tae-Eun;Lee, Wonho;Park, Sunhoo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.158-166
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    • 2022
  • Background: The effects of radiation on the health of radiation workers who are constantly susceptible to occupational exposure must be assessed based on an accurate and reliable reconstruction of organ-absorbed doses that can be calculated using personal dosimeter readings measured as Hp(10) and dose conversion coefficients. However, the data used in the dose reconstruction contain significant biases arising from the lack of reality and could result in an inaccurate measure of organ-absorbed doses. Therefore, this study quantified the biases involved in organ dose reconstruction and calculated the bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-organ-absorbed dose coefficients for the use in epidemiological studies of Korean radiation workers. Materials and Methods: Two major biases were considered: (a) the bias in Hp(10) arising from the difference between the dosimeter calibration geometry and the actual exposure geometry, and (b) the bias in air kerma-to-Hp(10) conversion coefficients resulting from geometric differences between the human body and slab phantom. The biases were quantified by implementing personal dosimeters on the slab and human phantoms coupled with a Monte Carlo method and considered to calculate the bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-organ-absorbed dose conversion coefficients. Results and Discussion: The bias in Hp(10) was significant for large incident angles and low energies (e.g., 0.32 for right lateral at 218 keV), whereas the bias in dose coefficients was significant for the posteroanterior (PA) geometry only (e.g., 0.79 at 218 keV). The bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-organ-absorbed dose conversion coefficients derived in this study were up to 3.09- fold greater than those from the International Commission on Radiological Protection publications without considering the biases. Conclusion: The obtained results will aid future studies in assessing the health effects of occupational exposure of Korean radiation workers. The bias-corrected dose coefficients of this study can be used to calculate organ doses for Korean radiation workers based on personal dose records.

휴면 소오스들이 존재하는 환경의 센서 네트워크를 위한 위치 보호 강화 라우팅 (Location Privacy Enhanced Routing for Sensor Networks in the Presence of Dormant Sources)

  • 양기원;임화정;차영환
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.12-23
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    • 2009
  • 전장에서 군 작전을 지원하거나 희귀 동물을 모니터링 하는 센서 네트워크에서는 전송 정보의 보안뿐만 아니라 그러한 관심 대상(asset)들의 위치를 적이나 악의적 추적으로부터 보호할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 위치가 보호되어야 할 대상에 근접한 센서 노드들 즉, 휴면(dormant) 소오스들이 존재하는 환경에서, 활동 소오스(즉, 메시지 발생 노드)의 위치 보호를 강화하는 라우팅 프로토콜 GSLP(GPSR-based Source-Location Privacy)를 제안한다. GSLP는 단순하면서도 scalable한 라우팅 기법인 GPSR(greedy perimeter stateless routing)을 확장하여, 확률적으로 임의의 이웃 노드를 메시지 전달 노드로 선정하여 경로의 다양성을 제고하면서 퍼리미터(perimeter) 라우팅을 적용하여 휴면 소오스 노드들을 우회하도록 함으로써 안전 기간(safety period)으로 정의되는 활동 소오스의 위치 보호 능력이 강화되도록 하였다. 휴면 소오스들의 수가 전체 노드의 1.0%에 이르기까지 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과, 기존의 대표적인 소오스 위치 보호 프로토콜인 PR-SP(Phantom Routing, Single Path)의 안전 기간은 휴면 소오스 노드들이 증가에 따라 급속히 감소하나 제안된 GSLP는 휴면 소오스 노드들의 수와 거의 무관하게 높은 안전 기간을 제공하면서도 평균 전달 지연(delivery latency)은 도착지와의 최단 거리의 약 두 배 이내에 머무는 것으로 확인되었다.

이동형 구내방사선촬영기와 벽걸이 구내방사선촬영기로 촬영한 치근단 방사선촬영에서 환자의 흡수선량과 유효선량 평가 (Absorbed and effective dose for periapical radiography using portable and wall type dental X-ray machines)

  • 한원정
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.184-190
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    • 2012
  • 연구 목적: 이 연구는 상악 전치부와 하악 구치부 치근단 방사선촬영시 이동형 구내방사선촬영기와 벽걸이 구내방사선촬영기로 촬영한 경우에서 환자의 방사선량을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 방사선량 측정은 선량 측정용 두경부 마네킨의 23부위에 열형광선량계 소자를 위치시키고 해당 치근단 방사선촬영을 하였다. 열형광선량계 판독기로 흡수선량을 구하였고 방사선 조사된 조직의 비율을 곱하여 방사선 가중선량을 구하였다. 국제방사선방호위원회에서 2007년에 공지한 조직 가중계수를 이용하여 각 방사선촬영의 유효선량을 구하였다. 결과: 환자의 흡수선량은 이동형 구내방사선촬영기로 촬영한 상악 전치부와 이동형 및 벽걸이 구내방사선촬영기로 촬영한 하악 구치부 치근단방사선촬영의 경우 하악체에서 가장 높았다. 유효선량은 상악 전치부 치근단 방사선촬영에서는 이동형 촬영기로 촬영한 경우 $4{\mu}Sv$, 벽걸이 촬영기로 촬영한 경우 $2{\mu}Sv$였고 우측 하악 구치부 치근단 방사선촬영에서는 각각 $6{\mu}Sv$, $2{\mu}Sv$였다. 결론: 벽걸이 구내방사선촬영기보다 이동형 구내방사선촬영기로 촬영한 치근단 방사선촬영에서의 유효선량이 더 많기 때문에 술자는 구내방사선촬영기에 따른 방사선 노출 정도를 충분히 인지하고 이를 사용하여야 한다.

Implications of using a 50-μm-thick skin target layer in skin dose coefficient calculation for photons, protons, and helium ions

  • Yeom, Yeon Soo;Nguyen, Thang Tat;Choi, Chansoo;Han, Min Cheol;Lee, Hanjin;Han, Haegin;Kim, Chan Hyeong
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제49권7호
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    • pp.1495-1504
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    • 2017
  • In a previous study, a set of polygon-mesh (PM)-based skin models including a $50-{\mu}m-thick$ radiosensitive target layer were constructed and used to calculate skin dose coefficients (DCs) for idealized external beams of electrons. The results showed that the calculated skin DCs were significantly different from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 116 skin DCs calculated using voxel-type ICRP reference phantoms that do not include the thin target layer. The difference was as large as 7,700 times for electron energies less than 1 MeV, which raises a significant issue that should be addressed subsequently. In the present study, therefore, as an extension of the initial, previous study, skin DCs for three other particles (photons, protons, and helium ions) were calculated by using the PM-based skin models and the calculated values were compared with the ICRP-116 skin DCs. The analysis of our results showed that for the photon exposures, the calculated values were generally in good agreement with the ICRP-116 values. For the charged particles, by contrast, there was a significant difference between the PM-model-calculated skin DCs and the ICRP-116 values. Specifically, the ICRP-116 skin DCs were smaller than those calculated by the PM models-which is to say that they were under-estimated-by up to ~16 times for both protons and helium ions. These differences in skin dose also significantly affected the calculation of the effective dose (E) values, which is reasonable, considering that the skin dose is the major factor determining effective dose calculation for charged particles. The results of the current study generally show that the ICRP-116 DCs for skin dose and effective dose are not reliable for charged particles.

PET/CT 업무 환경에서 선원 취급 시 Apron의 실효성 평가 (Evaluation of the Apron Effectiveness during Handling Radiopharmaceuticals in PET/CT Work Environment)

  • 조용인;예수영;김정훈
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.237-244
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    • 2015
  • 핵의학 종사자는 PET/CT 업무 환경 중 방사성 의약품 취급 시 상당히 높은 피폭선량을 받는다고 알려져 있으며, 이를 최소화하기 위해 적절한 차폐기구의 사용이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 몬테카를로 기법을 기반으로 한 모의실험과 실측을 통해 18F-FDG 선원 취급 시 Apron 착용에 대한 차폐효과에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 모의실험의 경우 선원의 취급 위치에 따라 인체 장기별 선량 분포가 각각 다른 양상을 나타냈고, Apron 납 두께별 선량 감소율은 선원과 장기와의 위치가 근접할수록, 선원과의 접촉 거리가 멀수록 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 선량 측정 장비를 통한 실측의 경우, 측정 장비간 특성으로 인해 평균 공간 선량률 분포는 상이한 결과를 보였으나, 거리별 납 당량의 증가에 따라 지수함수분포로 공간 선량률이 감소되었다.

Dose coefficients of mesh-type ICRP reference computational phantoms for external exposures of neutrons, protons, and helium ions

  • Yeom, Yeon Soo;Choi, Chansoo;Han, Haegin;Shin, Bangho;Nguyen, Thang Tat;Han, Min Cheol;Kim, Chan Hyeong;Lee, Choonsik
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권7호
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    • pp.1545-1556
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    • 2020
  • Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed the Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms (MRCPs) for adult male and female to overcome the limitations of the current Voxel-type Reference Computational Phantoms (VRCPs) described in ICRP Publication 110 due to the limited voxel resolutions and the nature of voxel geometry. In our previous study, the MRCPs were used to calculate the dose coefficients (DCs) for idealized external exposures of photons and electrons. The present study is an extension of the previous study to include three additional particles (i.e., neutrons, protons, and helium ions) into the DC library by conducting Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with the Geant4 code. The calculated MRCP DCs were compared with the reference DCs of ICRP Publication 116 which are based on the VRCPs, to appreciate the impact of the new reference phantoms on the DC values. We found that the MRCP DCs of organ/tissue doses and effective doses were generally similar to the ICRP-116 DCs for neutrons, whereas there were significant DC differences up to several orders of magnitude for protons and helium ions due mainly to the improved representation of the detailed anatomical structures in the MRCPs over the VRCPs.

전투원 신체 주변 통신기기의 인체 노출량 분석 (Analysis of Human Exposure for Wireless Devices Near War-Fighter)

  • 서민경;최증원;고종환;이현성;박주만;백정기
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문에서는 전투원이 착용할 수 있는 무선기기에 의한 인체영향 분석을 위해 인체의 다양한 위치에 송신 안테나를 위치시키고, 각 위치별로 송신기에 의한 인체영향을 분석하였다. 다양한 송신 안테나의 위치에 대해 분석하였다. 송신 안테나의 위치에 대한 시나리오는 전장에서 전투원이 통신기기를 착용할 수 있는 위치를 고려하여 국방과학연구소와 협의 하에 도출하였으며, 인체 전신 모델은 한국전자통신연구원(ETRI: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute)의 한국인 성인 남성 표준 모델을 사용하여 송신 안테나의 위치에 따른 전자파 흡수율(SAR: Specific Absorption Rate)을 국내 및 국제비전리복사방호위원회(ICNIRP: International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection)의 인체 보호 기준과 비교하였다. 또한, 전장에서 전투원이 취할 수 있는 자세를 고려하여, 2가지 전형적인 자세에 대해서도 인체 노출량을 분석하였다.

Comparative Study of the Effective Dose from Panoramic Radiography in Dentistry Measured Using a Radiophotoluminescent Glass Dosimeter and an Optically Stimulated Luminescence Detector

  • Lee, Kyeong Hee;Kim, Myeong Seong;Kweon, Dae Cheol;Choi, Jiwon
    • Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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    • 제73권9호
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    • pp.1377-1384
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    • 2018
  • Accurate measurement of the absorbed dose and the effective dose is required in dental panoramic radiography involving relatively low energy with a rotational X-ray tube system using long exposures. To determine the effectiveness of measuring the irradiation by using passive dosimetry, we compared the entrance skin doses by using a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPL) and an optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSL) in a phantom model consisting of nine and 31 transverse sections. The parameters of the panoramic device were set to 80 kV, 4 mA, and 12 s in the standard program mode. The X-ray spectrum was applied in the same manner as the panoramic dose by using the SpekCalc Software. The results indicated a mass attenuation coefficient of $0.008226cm^2/g$, and an effective energy of 34 keV. The equivalent dose between the RPL and the OSL was calculated based on a product of the absorbed doses. The density of the aluminum attenuators was $2.699g/cm^3$. During the panoramic examination, tissue absorption doses with regard to the RPL were a surface dose of $75.33{\mu}Gy$ and a depth dose of $71.77{\mu}Gy$, those with regard to the OSL were surface dose of $9.2{\mu}Gy$ a depth dose of $70.39{\mu}Gy$ and a mean dose of $74.79{\mu}Gy$. The effective dose based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 tissue weighting factor for the RPL were $0.742{\mu}Sv$, $8.9{\mu}Sv$, $2.96{\mu}Sv$ and those for the OSL were $0.754{\mu}Sv$, $9.05{\mu}Sv$, and $3.018{\mu}Sv$ in the parotid and sublingual glands, orbit, and thyroid gland, respectively. The RPL was more effective than the OSL for measuring the absorbed radiation dose in low-energy systems with a rotational X-ray tube.