• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

A lab-scale slurry reactor was developed for the treatment of contaminated sediments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene). In this system, range from 85 to 95% of PAHs with 2~3 rings were degraded within 11 days. Higher naphthalene degradation(94.05%) over phenanthrene degradation(87.07%) was probably due its higher solubility. Both compounds were not detected in aqueous phase after 7days and only 26.8% of naphthalene and 49.1% of phenanthrene were biodegraded. Removal TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) concentration in solid after 11 days of treatment was 46%.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2016

Landfarming that supplies aerobic biodegradation condition to indigenous microbes in soils is a biological remediation technology. In this research, volatilization and biodegradation rate by indigenous microbes in the soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were measured. Soils were contaminated with diesel artificially and divided into two parts. One was sterilized by autoclave to remove indigenous microorganism and the other was used as it was. Various moisture contents and number of tillings were applied to the soil to find out proper condition to minimize volatilization and enhance bioremediation. Volatilization of TPH was inhibited and biodegradation was enhanced by increase on moisture content. Tilling was usually used to supply air for microbes, but tillings did not affect the growth of microbes in our study. Enough moisture content and proper aeration are important to control volatilization in landfarming. Also, TPH degradation was a function of the microbe counts (x₁), numbers of tilling (x₂), and moisture content (x₃) from the application of the response surface methodology. Statistical results showed the order of significance of the independent variables to be microbe counts > numbers of tilling > moisture content.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2012

Various methods are used to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals or petroleum. In recent years, harsh physical and chemical remediation methods are being used to increase remediation efficiency, however, such processes could affect soil properties and degrade the ecological functions of the soil. Effects of soil washing, thermal desorption, and land farming, which are the most frequently used remediation methods, on the physicochemical properties of remediated soil were investigated in this study. For soils smaller than 2 mm, the soil texture were changed from sandy clay loam to sandy loam because of the decrease in the clay content after soil washing, and from loamy sand to sandy loam because of the decrease in the sand content and increase in silt content during thermal desorption, however, the soil texture remained unchanged after land farming process. The water-holding capacity, organic matter content, and total nitrogen concentration of the tested soil decreased after soil washing. A change in soil color and an increase in the available phosphate concentration were observed after thermal desorption. Exchangeable cations, total nitrogen, and available phosphate concentration were found to decrease after land farming; these components were probably used by microorganisms during as well as after the land farming process because microbial processes remain active even after land farming. A study of these changes can provide information useful for the reuse of remediated soil. However, it is insufficient to assess only soil physicochemical properties from the viewpoint of the reuse of remediated soil. Potential risks and ecological functions of remediated soil should also be considered to realize sustainable soil use.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2010

각종 오염지역의 오염토양의 시료를 채취해 DGGE를 이용한 미생물군집구조를 서로 비교함으로써 어떤 요인이 영향을 많이 미치는지를 알아보았다. 미생물군집의 유사도 비교에서 TPH 오염 말고는 대부분의 오염정도가 심하지 않아서 오염 특성보다는 토양시료가 채취된 지역에 따라 더 유사함을 보여주었고 TPH 오염도가 가장 높았던 시료에서만 지역적 특성을 넘어 유사도 차이를 보여 주었다. 이와 같이 오염요인이 너무 크지 않은 경우에는 미생물군집구조가 지역특성 즉 여러 다른 환경요인에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받는 것을 이 연구를 통해 알 수가 있었다. 모든 오염토양의 우점종(배양성 세균) 조사에서 firmicutes와 high GC Gram+에 속하는 세균들이 주로 발견되었고 유류오염이 심한 토양에서 이미 보고된 Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Methylobacterium, Clavibacter, Streptomyces, Nocardia와 아직 보고되지 않은 Leifsonia가 발견되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.795-799
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• 2008

We have studied bioremediation of effective microorganisms on crude oil spill in Taean, west-coast of Korea. Oil contaminated soil samples were collected on December 14, 2007, seven days after the Hebei Spirit oil-spilled accident. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of effective microorganisms (EM) which were composed with yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria on oil degradation. TPH concentration before EM treatment was 323.8 mg/kg, whereas TPH concentrations on 2 days after EM treatment and that of control (without EM) was 102.1 mg/kg and 170.6 mg/kg, respectively. On six days after EM treatment TPH was 91.3 mg/kg and that of control was 127.7 mg/kg. Percentages of degraded crude oil were 47.3% without EM and 68.5% with EM, 60.6% without EM and 71.8% with EM on 2 and 6 days after EM treatment, respectively. These results clearly showed that the application of effective microorganisms toward oil-contaminated soil was quite useful to degrade crude oil spill. These results were derived from the effects of biostimulation of microbial media nutrients and bioaugmentation of effective microorganisms. If we carefully apply these effective microorganisms, it can be a useful bioremediation method to recover oil-contaminated marine ecosystems.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2001

본 실험에서 사용된 균주는 유류에 오염된 지역의 토양시료로부터 직접 분리하였는데 본 실험에서는 백색 콜로니를 형성하는 W균주와 황색 콜로니를 형성하는 Y균주 그리고 두 균주의 복합균주인 WY 균주를 사용하였다. 단일 균주보다는 복합균주를 사용하였을 때 디젤유의 분해가 더 효과적이었으며 질소원의 첨가가 분해에 제한인자로 작용하였다. 비록 토양시스템의 분해효율은 액체상에서의 분해능에 비해 다소 떨어지지만, 통기의 조건 및 질소원의 첨가등으로 그 능력을 어느 정도 향상시킬 수 있었다. 한편 디젤유의 분해에는 생물학적인 측면 뿐 아니라 증발이나 휘발에 의해서도 상당량 감소하였는데 교반에 의해 또 오염토양의 제조공정중에 상당량이 휘발하는 것으로 보이며, 디젤의 용해도가 낮기 때문에 침출되는 양도 적을 것이라고 보여지고 이는 다른 논문에서도 보고된 바 있다(21, 22) 앞서 언급한 것처럼 본 실험에서는 통기와 질소원의 첨가를 통해 미생물에 의한 디젤유의 분해능을 향상시켰는데, 이 뿐만 아니라 더욱 효과적인 디젤유의 분해를 위해서는 복잡한 토양시스템에 관계된 여러 요소들을 최적화하여 분해능을 향상시키기 위한 실험이 수행되어야한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2004

유류오염토양을 건설재료로 재활용할 수 있는 방안으로써 Cold Mix Asphalt(CMA) 처리를 제시하였고 디젤 및 디젤화합물로 오염된 토양의 CMA 처리특성을 고찰하였다. 양이온성 또는 음이온성 또는 비이온성 계면활성제를 함유하고 있는 5가지 아스팔트 이멀젼을 이용해서 디젤 오염토양의 처리능을 고찰한 결과 첨가된 계면활성제의 차이에 의한 성능의 차이는 확연하게 드러나지 않았으나, 토양과의 친밀성 및 흡착계수를 고려하여 Lauryl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (LDBAC)를 포함한 이멀젼을 오염토양 처리에 적합한 아스팔트 이멀젼으로 선정하였다. 아스팔트 이멀젼 LDBAC에 의한 세가지 디젤화합물의 처리능은 docosane, pentadecane, undecane의 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아스팔트 이멀젼 LDBAC를 이용하여 CMA처리된 토양에 대한 용출실험결과 비교적 고농도인 10,000 mg/kg 의 디젤로 오염된 토양도 CMA처리 가능함을 확인하였다. 공시체로부터 디젤의 용출은 초기 4일까지는 확산에 의한 거동을 보여 주었고 그 이후로는 용출속도가 감소하여 총 용출가능양의 $50\%$ 이상이 유출되었다고 판단되는 depletion의 거동을 보여 주었다. CMA처리된 오염토양으로부터 3가지 디젤화합물의 총용출량은 undecane > pentadecane > docosane의 순서로 높은 것으로 나타났으며, pentadecane의 경우 CMA 처리시 양생속도가 상대적으로 더딘 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2021

The effects of green manure crops, hairy vetch and sesban, supplemented with HS (humic substance) on biological soil health indicators was studied in a pot containing two kinds of reclaimed soil previously contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons; a soil remediated by land-farming (DDC) and another soil by low-temperature thermal desorption (YJ). Treatments include no plant (C), plants only (H), and plants+2% HS (PH), which were evaluated in a pot containing respective soil. Biological indicators include microbial community analysis as well as soil enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, 𝛽-glucosidase, N-acetyl-𝛽-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), acid/alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and urease. Results showed an increase of enzyme activities in pot soils with plants and even greater in soils with plants+HS. The enzyme activities of DDC soil with plants (DDC_P) and with plants+HS (DDC_PH) increased 1.6 and 3.9 times on average, respectively than those in the control. The enzyme activities YJ soil with plants (YJ_P) and with plant+HS (YJ_PH) increased 1.8 and 3.8 times on average, respectively than those in the control. According to microbial community analysis, the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in DDC and YJ soil was increased from 1.5% to 7% and from 0 to 5%, respectively, after planting hairy vetch and sesban. This study showed that mixed planting of green manure crops with a supplement of humic substance is highly effective for the restoration of biological health indicators of reclaimed soils.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2020

Exposure assessment methodology for outdoor air inhalation pathways (i.e., inhalation of volatile compounds and fugitive dust in outdoor air) was investigated. Default values of several parameters currently used in Korea (e.g., Q/C; inverse value of concentration per unit flux, and frs; soil fraction in PM10) may not be suitable and lack site-specificity, as they have been adopted from the risk assessment guidance of the United States or the Netherlands. Such limitation can be addressed to a certain degree by incorporating the volatilization factor (VF) and the particulate emission factor (PEF) with Box model. This approach was applied to an exposure assessment of a site contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons in Korea. The result indicated that the suggested methodology led to more accurate site-specific exposure assessment for outdoor inhalation pathways. Further work to establish methodology to determine site-specific Q/C values in Korea needs to be done to secure the reliability of the exposure assessment for outdoor air inhalation pathways.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2002

본 연구는 자외선-형광분석법을 이용한 유류저장시설의 모니터링 시스템의 현장 적용성에 관한 기초 실험으로서, 선행연구에서 사용하였던 샘플들의 실제 오염상황을 충분히 반영하지 못하는 한계점을 보완하였다. 선행연구에서 보다 측정의 신뢰도를 높이기 위하여 오염이 발생하여 이동하고 감지되어지는 실제 상황을 고려한 형광 측정 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 자연환경의 영향을 보기 위하여 수분 함량에 따른 형광의 세기를 비교한 결과 수분에는 큰 영향을 받지 않고, 측정시의 토양의 상태에 좌우된다고 사료된다. 마지막으로 안정적인 오염도 측정값을 얻기 위하여 시스템에 이용할 대표성을 갖는 표준 토양을 결정하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 모래와 칼슘-벤토나이트(Ca-bentonite), 연마용 모래를 실험했으며, 이외에도 여러 가지 단일물질들을 테스트하였으나 모래를 제외한 다른 물질들은 시스템에 적용하기엔 한계점이 있었다 그러나 모래는 자체 형광이 낮아 형광 측정에 영향을 적게 미치며, 누구나 쉽게 구할 수 있는 장점과 더불어 오염도에 따른 형광이 비교적 안정적이어서 시스템의 감지부에 넣어줄 표준 토양으로 이용하기에 적합하다고 사료된다.