• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.677-684
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• 1995

The effect of catalytic graphitization of petroleum cokes by the addition of aluminum were investigated. The degree of graphitization carbon body only fired at 230$0^{\circ}C$ was 0.5. But when the aluminum additive was added, the degree of graphitization was increased to 0.93. And Ts-effect was appeared as the catalytic effect. This effect was occurred by the formation-decomposition of aluminum carbide through the reaction of aluminum and cokes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.557-562
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• 1993

Following conclusions are made from the detalied research on the relation between the phase change of the petroleum raw cokes after ball milling and the preheat treatment temperature. The petroleum raw cokes species are preheated in the temperature range of 350~45$0^{\circ}C$. At the preheat treatment temperature of 40$0^{\circ}C$ the particles of petroleum raw cokes from ball milling become spheically shape with the almost uniform particle size distribution of 1~5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. At the same temperature, they became low-graphitized with the d0.02 X-ray diffraction index of 3.41$\AA$. The carbon material made from the petroleum raw cokes at 40$0^{\circ}C$ turned out to have the good modulus of rupture about 600kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, with the bulk density around 1.8g/㎤ and the appearent porosity around 8%.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2014

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

This study is aimed to study combustion characteristics of low $NO_X$ burner using petroleum cokes as fuel. The petroleum coke, which is produced through the oil refining process, is an attractive fuel in terms of its high heating value and relatively low price. But petroleum coke is a challenging fuel because of its low volatile content, high sulfur and nitrogen content, which give rise to undesirable emission characteristics and low ignitability. The petroleum cokes burner is operated at fuel rich condition, and overfire air are supplied to achieve fuel lean condition. The low $NO_X$ burner is designed to control fuel and air mixing to achieve air staged combustion, in addition secondary and tertiary air are supplied through swirler. Air distribution ratio of triple staged air are optimized experimentally. The result showed that $NO_X$ concentration is lowest when overfire air is used, and the burner function at a fuel rich condition.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.279-287
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• 2015

In order to prepare anode materials for high power lithium ion secondary batteries, carbon composites were fabricated with a mixture of petroleum pitch and coke (PC) and a mixture of petroleum pitch, coke, and natural graphite (PC-NG). Although natural graphite has a good reversible capacity, it has disadvaantages of a sharp decrease in capacity during high rate charging and potential plateaus. This may cause difficulties in perceiving the capacity variations as a function of electrical potential. The coke anodes have advantages without potential plateaus and a high rate capability, but they have a low reversible capacity. With PC anode composites, the petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 with heat treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$ (PC14-1000C) showed relatively high electrochemical properties. With PC-NG anode composites, the proper graphite contents were determined at 10~30 wt.%. The composites with a given content of natural graphite and remaining content of various petroleum pitch/cokes mixtures at 1:4~4:1 mass ratios were heated at $800{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$. By increasing the content of petroleum pitch, reversible capacity increased, but a high rate capability decreased. For a given composition of carbonaceous composite, the discharge rate capability improved but the reversible capacity decreased with an increase in heat treatment temperature. The carbonaceous composites fabricated with a mixture of 30 wt.% natural graphite and 70 wt.% petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 mass ratio and heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ showed relatively high electrochemical properties, of which the reversible capacity, initial efficiency, discharge rate capability (retention of discharge capacity in 10 C/0.2 C), and charge capacity at 5 C were 330 mAh/g, 79 %, 80 %, and 60 mAh/g, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.319-325
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• 2013

In this study, petroleum cokes ash and $C_{12}A_7$-based slag were used for the shrinkage reduction and strength enhancement of mortar. The hydration properties of shrinkage reduction agents were analysed. The flow, change of length and compressive strength were experimented with mortar-added shrinkage reduction agents. As a result of this study, petroleum cokes ash : $C_{12}A_7$-based slag = 60~80% : 20~40% showed excellent results. In the case of mortar with 20% $C_{12}A_7$-based slag, the setting time and change of length were similar to Ref. mortar. The flow and compressive strength were superior to Ref. mortar. In the case of mortar with a 40% $C_{12}A_7$-based slag, the setting time was longer than Ref. mortar. The compressive strength of 3 days and 7 days were superior to Ref. mortar.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.210-217
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• 2008

Petroleum pitch and coke with wet mixture method or with dry mixture method were investigated to develop the composite anodic carbon material of high power lithium ion battery. Cokes coated with pitch were obtained by the heat treatment of mixture of cokes and pitch with different weight ratios at $800{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$. The charge and discharge characteristic of the consequent composite anodic carbon material assembled in batteries was tested. Cokes with wet mixture method have a smooth surface and their capacity changed little with changing temperature and content as compared to the cokes with dry mixture method. Although the reversible capacities showed different values by the anode manufacturing method, the composite anode with the mixture of 20 wt% of petroleum pitch and 80 wt% of coke showed the higher power capability and initial efficiency than the pitch based anode. However, the reversible capacity of the composite anode showed the reduced value as compared with the pitch based anode.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 1996

An MCL(Molten Caustic Leaching) treatment is a chemical refinery process which is used for the desulfurization and demineralization by alkali treatment. The MCL treatment removes ash by converting mineral like Si, Fe, V, Ni etc. in petroleum cokes into soluble salts. The MCL has an advantage minimizing carbon loss in comparison to other desulfurization process. Reaction variables for the desulfurization and demineralization in the study were leaching temperature, leaching time, ratio of caustic to cokes, acid concentration and time for washing, and particle size. At the optimum condition, above 99% of desulfurization and about 90% of demineralization was obtained. FT-IR and SEM analysis showed that the structure and surface of the particle was closely related with the degree of sulfur and ash removal, and leaching temperature as well.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.328-334
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• 2000

A lithium ion secondary battery using carbon as a negative electrode has been developed. Further improvements to increase the cell capacity are expected by modifying the structure of the carbonaceous material. There are hopes for the development of large capacity lithium ion secondary batteries with long cycle, high energy density, high power density, and high energy efficiency. In the present paper, needle cokes from petroleum were examined as an anode of lithium ion secondary battery. Petroleum cokes, MCL(Molten Caustic Leaching) treated in Korea Institute Energy Research, were carbonized at various temperatures of 0, 500, 700, $19700^{\circ}C$ at heating rate of $2^{\circ}C$/min for lh. The electrolyte was used lM liPF6 EC/DEC (1:1). The voltage range of charge & discharge was 0.0V(0.05V) ~ 2.0V. The treated petroleum coke at $700^{\circ}C$ had an initial capacity over 560mAh.g which beyond the theoretical maximum capacity, 372mAh/g for LiC6. This phenomena suggests that carbon materials with disordered structure had higher cell capacity than that the graphitic carbon materials.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 1998

SiC is synthesized by sol-gel and carbothermal reaction method from various carbon sources and Si source and characterized through the results of DSC and XRD. More SiC has been formed in carbothermal reaction than sol-gel method. From the XRD results, the degree of formation of SiC increases in the order of petroleum cokes, activated carbon, artificial graphite all in two introduced methods. Based on the DSC data, the enthalpy values for the exothermic reaction decrease in the order of activated carbon, petroleum cokes, artificial graphite in carbothermal reaction methods, while those for the endothermic reactions increase in the reverse order. But, the enthalpy values for the exothermic reactions decrease in the order of petroleum cokes, activated carbon, artificial graphite in sol-gel methods.