• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.270-285
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• 2017

The crustose lichen genus Pertusaria comprises over ca. 800 species worldwide. In total, 20 Pertusaria species were localized to the Mt. Sorak and Jeju-do in Korea. To date, information regarding the distribution of Pertusaria species in the South Korean peninsula is scarce. In this study, we collected Pertusaria species across South Korea and identified them based on morphological, chemical, and molecular characteristics. Of the 387 samples collected, we identified 24 taxa and 1 variety, of which 17 were previously recorded, and 6 taxa were newly found in South Korea (P. leioplaca, P. leucosora var. violascens, P. texana, P. thiospoda, P. thwaitesii, and P. xanthodes), 2 known species were transferred to Varicellaria (Varicellaria lactea and V. velata), one species was transferred to Variolaria as a new record (Variolaria multipunctoides) and one was a new species (P. jogyeensis J. S. Park & J.-S. Hur, sp. nov.). Characteristics of the newly discovered species, P. jogyeensis, are as follows: smooth to bumpy thallus, scattered to crowded poriform apothecia, blackish ostioles, definitely sunken, thin yellowish green rims around ostioles, 8-spored ascus, and the presence of perlatolic acid and thiophaninic acid (chlorinated xanthone). Phylogenetic studies on P. jogyeensis based on the mitochondrial small subunit sequence revealed proximity to P. flavicans and P. texana, and supported its classification as a new species within the genus Pertusaria. Additionally, we describe the chemical composition and morphology of all listed species in detail and provide an artificial key for identification.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

Antifungal activity of Korean and Chinese lichen-forming fungi(LFF) was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botrytis cinerea, Diaporthe actinidiae, Pestalotiopsis longiseta, Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium cepivorum. The LFF were isolated from Cladonia scabriuscula, Melanelia sp., Nephromopsis asahinae, Nephromopsis pallescens, Parmelia laevior, Pertusaria sp., Ramalina conduplicans, Ramalina sinensis, Ramalina sp., Umbilicaria proboscidea and Vulpicida sp. with discharged spore method. The isolates were deposited in the herbarium of Korean Lichen Research Institute(KoLRI) in Sunchon National University. The LFF of Melanelia sp., P. laevior, Pertusaria sp., R. conduplican and Ramalina sp. exhibited strong antifungal activity against all of the pathogenic fungi examined. Among them, LFF of P. laevior showed more than 90% of inhibition in fungal hyphae growth, compared with control. The results imply that LFF can be served as a promising bioresource to develop novel biofungicides. Mass cultivation of the LFF is now under progress in laboratory conditions for chemical identification of antifungal substances.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1974

The distribution of corticolous lichens had been investigated in the suburb of Seoul in which factories are located densely and Yeosu which located near sea and very few factories are seen in the neighbour. Ten cm point frame was located at random on the trunk of Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Carpinus Tschonoskii from bottom at 0.5m intervals to 8m height of each trees. The occurrence of each species was represented as a percentage of total quadrat frequency and of density. The density of the corticolous lichens was 2.8%, 6.9% and 7.6% at Dongkooneung, Kongneung and Kwangneung apart 15km, 25km and 32km from center of Seoul respectively. In Yeosu district, the occurrence is fairly different from that of Seoul: it is 34.8% and 34.9% at Odongdo and Hoamsan which located within 3km and 5km from the center of Yeosu. The greater frequency of the lichens on the trunk was found at 1~2m height of trees and they were found mostly on the trunk faced south. However, Pertusaria trochophora species occurred more often on the trunk faced east, Graphis scripta on east and north, Parmelia pertusa and Parmelia tinctorum on west side of trunk. Parmelia pertusa increased with increasing height of trees, but Calicium trabinellum and Anzia japonica decreased. Cetraria collata occurred mostly on the middle of above two species. SO2 concentration in the air of Seoul was high enough to eliminate the lichens except Pertusaria trochophora and Graphis scripta.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

Graphis upretii is a new lichen species discovered in Vietnam. The species is characterized by a loosely corticate, rough, whitish grey to greyish green thallus, elongate and irregularly branched lirellae with an apically thin complete thalline margin (negrosina morph), laterally carbonized, entire proper exciple, clear hymenium, hyaline, 16~20 transversely locular ascospores, and about $50{\sim}95{\times}10{\sim}15{\mu}m$ in size. In addition, members of the taxon produce norstictic and stictic acids. Currently, the lichen flora of Vietnam include Arthonia radiata, Brigantiaea tricolor, Coenogonium implexum, Dirina paradoxa, Herpothallon sipmanii, Pertusaria pertusa, and Sarcographina cyclospora.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2004

본 연구는 환경조건에 따른 지의류분포에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 수시로 해수와 접하는 지역의 해안가 암석과 해안에서 약 20 m 이상 떨어진 곳에 위치한 노지암석에서 살아가는 지의류를 대상으로 처음 수행되었다. rDNA ITS clone 유전자의 염기서열 및 형태학적 분석을 기초로 하여 비교 분석한 결과 해수와 직법 접하는 곳에 위치한 암석에서는 9과(family) 15 속(genus)에 속하는 지의류가 분포되어 있었고, 노지암석에서는 10과 14 속에 속하는 지의류가 분포되어 그 다양성에 있어 큰 차이가 없었다. Parmeliaceae 과에 포함된 것 중 엽상형(foliose)인 Phaeophyscia, physcia, Pyxine와 Parmeliaceae과에 속하는 Xanthoparmelia가 해안가 암석에 분포하는 대표적인 지의류로 나타났고, 수지상(fruticose) 지의류로는 Ramalinaceae과에 속하는 Ramalina 속 2종이 유일하게 분포하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 가상형 (crustose) 지의류는 Lecanora속이 대표적인 해안가 암석에 분포하는 지의류로 나타났다. 반면, 노지암석위의 흙이나 이끼 낀 곳에서 발견되었으나 해안가 암석에서 발견되지 않은 지의류로는 엽상형인 Cladonia, 수지상 지의류인 Sterocaulon, 가상형 지의류인 Porpidia로 조사되었다. 가상형(crustose) 지의류인 Caloplaca, Candelaria, Dirinaria, Graphis, Rhizocarpon, Pertusaria 등이 해안가 암석에 분포하고 있음이 확인되었으나 매우 드물게 나타났으며 이들 지의류 모두는 해안가에서 비교적 멀리 떨어진 노지암석에서 대부분 분포하고 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 법주사 당간지주의 석재 표면에 서식하는 대표적인 생물피해 요인인 지의류에 대하여 조사하였다. 당간지주의 지의류는 5종으로 한정할 수 있다. 그 중 우점하는 2종의 고착상지의류는 Aspicilia sp.와 Pertusaria flavicans이며, 고착상지의류 위에 드물게 관찰되는 엽상지의류 1종과 수지상지의류 1종은 Xanthoparmelia conspersa와 Ramalina sekika로 동정되었다. 그리고 흑색조류층을 따라 서식하는 지의류는 Leprocaulon textum으로 확인되었다. 지의류가 생산하는 2차 대사산물을 분석하기 위하여 ATR FT-IR을 적용하였다. Xanthoparmelia conspersa와 Ramalina sekika의 FT-IR 스펙트럼을 비교해 본 결과, cyclic carbohydrate에 기인하는 C-O-C 결합과 carboxylic acid에서 기인하는 FT-IR 스펙트럼의 흡수피크가 특징적으로 관찰되어 이들이 생산하는 지의산이 서로 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, stictic acid와 sekikaic acid가 Xanthoparmelia conspersa와 Ramalina sekika를 대표하는 지의산으로 화학구조에서 작용기의 차이에 의한 스펙트럼의 변화 및 특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2004

This study reports, for the first time, the ivestigation of the distribution of Korean saxicolous lichens in the coastal rocks of U-do islet, which is known as an unpolluted zone in Jeju. More than thirty lichens were obtained and investigated from the coastal rocks frequently contacted by seawater. A molecular analysis using PCR amplification of the rRNA ITS regions revealed the coastal rock lichens could be placed into 8 families and 14 genera, Ramalinaceae (Bacidia, Ramalina), Physciaceae (Buellia, Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine), Lecanoraceae (Candelaria, Lecanora), Parmeliaceae (Xan­thopannelia), Graphidaceae (Graphis), Pertusariaceae (Pertusaria), Rhizocarpaceae (Rhizocarpon), and Teloschistaceae (Caloplaca), showing a diversity of lichens, with foliose (flat leaf-like), crustose (crust­like), and fruticose (miniature shrub-like) life forms might be distributed in the coastal rocks. These findings suggested the possibility that the lichens identified in the present work might be resistant to a salty environment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1016-1023
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• 2008

Lichens are predominant and important components of flora in the terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica. However, relatively few researches on the phylogenetic position of Antarctic lichen-forming fungi have been accomplished. In this study, partial sequences of nuclear large subunit rDNAs from 50 Antarctic specimens were obtained and the phylogeny was reconstructed. Antarctic lichen species were distributed in 4 orders, including the monophyletic order Agyrales, paraphyletic orders Pertusariales and Teloschistales, and polyphyletic order Lecanorales. Species diversity was highest in the order Lecanorales, followed by Teloschistales and Pertusariales. Based on the phylogeny and sequence similarity analyses, it is proposed that the taxonomy of Stereocaulon alpinum, Physcia caesia, Usnea aurantiacoatra, and Cladonia species should be revised by careful examination of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Six species known to be endemic to Antarctica, Catillaria corymbosa, Himantormia lugubris, Leptogium puberulum, Pertusaria pertusa, Rhizoplaca aspidophora, and Umbilicaria antarctica, formed unique lineages, implying independent origins in the Antarctic area.