• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.9-13
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• 1995

In July 1993 a new prescription of the EC was finished, concerning the voluntary participation of enterprises in a common auditing system. By this in the EC-member countries there must be founded centers of environmental auditing where experienced experts of environmental auditing should be accredited. These accredited experts are controllers for evaluating and certification of carried out environmental-auditings. An environmental-auditing practically represents an environmental assessment for an already existing enterprise with establishing corresponding programmes and strategies for the internal management to improve the environmental relations. Much experiences, which could be collected in the field of EIA during the last years may be transfered to this new task immediately. Only an essential difference there should not be overseen because of national legislation EIA in the defined cases must be carried out. By the EC-prescription carrying out an environmental-auditing for an enterprise is optional, it is recommended only. It was not introduced as a must. In spite of this fact because of the hard competition on the market there will be developed a pressure for the enterprises, to carry out such environmental-auditings. At present already a number of first projects in this direction can be seen, in the first line above all enterprises with the necessary economic power want to use this possibility, to gain better positions on the market. We have already gathered the first experiences in this field. We arranged corresponding contacts to several enterprises within the surroundings of Dresden. Within an opening discussion, where the project is explained and discussed with the management of the enterprise very detailed, the understanding, the readiness and the cooperation for the project are generated necessary prerequesits for the success of the whole work. By means of careful detail-work in collaboration with all departments and on all levels of the enterprise the total mass and energy-balances of the factory established and analysed. There are included also such ranges like material delivery, personal policy, public relations and sale as well as waste management. It is important that all people working in the factory have the feeling to be our partners, and not to have the impression to be checked or controled by an outside organization. This one of the most important factors of environmental auditing, in order to wake up and to develop a common interest on all sides. At the end of the environmental auditing there will be according to the prescription of the EC a catalogue of measures to do immediately, short time, mean time and long time for improvement of the environmental situation of the enterprise. All proposals are made in connection with a corresponding economic evaluation. These measures and programmes are declared as the environmental manual and are the basis for the work of the environmental management of the enterprise for the next three years. According to the EC-prescription, the enterprise with this environmental manual can get a corresponding certificate, which may be used for public relation purposes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.403-413
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• 1998

The Resilience is described as the personal capacity which brings psychosocial comeback. The role of nursing is to do its best to rehabilitate patients and to explore the individual in order to promote patients psychosocial change. However, as the current nursing is heavily physical nursing oriented, the identity of the nursing would be lost. Therefore this researcher reviewed if the concept of resilience can be applied to the nursing after examing the concept of resilience by Documents and Fieldwork. The methodology of this research is Hybrid Model developed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim for the concept development and analysis. The process and procedure consist of The Theoretical Phase, The Fieldwork Phase and The Final Analytical Phase in accodance with the Hybrid Model. The followings the summary of the Research. 1. The Concept of Resilience Finally Analyzed by Documents and Fieldwork (1) The Redefinition of Resilience The resilience is the latent psychosocial capacity which minimize the negative emotion and promote the adaptation under adversity. Resilience appears as cognitive, emotional and behavioral response in the course of changing from negative response to positive response through the interaction of the individual and the enviroments in a given time. Resilience changes and decreases according to time and situation and it can be nurtured. Resilience is the higher concept including hardiness, sense of coherence and self-strength which maintain the health under stress. (2) The Attribute of Resilience The attribute of resilience was devided into psychological and social dimension. In psychological attributes, there are admittion of reality of situation, denial of negative emotion, desire to live, responsibility, confidence, courage, hope, pursuit of positive meaning, identification and pursuit of goal, self-esteem, reception, spontaneity, planning, positiveness, will power, flexibility and creativity. In social attributes, there are a sense of belonging, perception of social support and active social relations. (3) The Process of Resilience There are 4 resilience phases which were the process minimizing the possibility of the negative chain reactions under adversity, the process minimizing the negative emotion under adversity, the process gaining the desire to live and the process exposing the active social relations. 2. The Application Possibility of Resilience Concept to Nursing The resilience concept is the psychosocial capacity with which an individual manages adversity. As many nursing scientists have developed nursing theory based on this capacity and the identification of nursing has been established in this field, resilience is not the new conception in nursing. However, since resilience appears in the attributes related with the resilience process concretely, it would help a lot when nurses execute psychosocial nursing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-114
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is first to understand agent's turnover from both academic and perspectives. Then we suggest convergence of smart work paradigm and supervisor's support as the relieving factors of turnover, The research model of this study is based upon reviews of turnover literature, the smart work and supervisor's support as moderating variables from which research hypotheses were derived. The data came from the survey from financial sector agents such as banking, insurance, and others. The analyses has been done by SPSS 20.0, We used multiple regressions to test the effects of the tested variables on the dependent variable, job satisfaction. The results of this study find significant relations of smart work and supervisor's supports in relations to personal and job-related turnover. The implication is smart work and supervisor's supports play significant role in increasing job satisfactions. Major finding is too much supervisor's supports ignoring agent's situations may bring reverse effects on relieving turnover.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.121-138
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• 2014

China and Korea have interacted with each other for 20 years since 1992 when China and Korea established diplomatic relations. During this period, the trade and investment between two countries have increased rapidly. In addition to the enhancement of economic cooperation and the expansion of personal exchange, the relationship between two countries was upgraded to mutual strategic cooperative relationship in 2008 from the 1 friendly and cooperative relations and the economic exchange and cooperation were largely expanded. In this paper, the current situation and characteristics of the trade between China and Korea were figured out. In order to find out the development direction of China and Korea trade, through empirical analysis, the correlation of decisive factors that influence the trade amount of these two countries were analyzed. In terms of dependent variables for the empirical analysis, the trade amount between China and Korea was considered. While the GDP of these countries, the direct investment amount of two countries and the openness of external trade of these countries were considered as independent variables. The degree of economic freedom of these countries was set as policy variable. According to the analysis results, when the GDP of China and Korea is getting higher, there is positive influence on the trade amount of China and Korea. It is showed that the direct investment of Korea has positive influence on the trade amount of China and Korea. Meanwhile, there is negative influence of China's direct investment on the trade amount. When the degree of freedom of these countries is getting higher, the influence of trade amount was showed significantly. Furthermore, when the economic freedom of these countries is getting higher, the insignificant things about trade amount of China and Korea were extracted as insignificant.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2007

The objectives of this study was to suggest for prophylatic of Musculoskeletal system disorders in Dental Hyginists and Dental hygiene students to maintain good posture in the dental hygiene curriculum. This study was carried with 100 dental hygienists in "M" city located in Jolla Province and 82 college students majoring in dental hygiene. The results were as follows: 1. During the operators' medical treatment, 41.7% answered that the patients' head was located in the operators' chest during their treatment. Also, 58.3% answered that the patients' head was located in the operators' abdomen. For this reason, 81.3% said that the patients' mouth became close to the operators' eyes - less than 30cm. And 65.1% said that they performed an operation in various directions. 2. The most common posture -between the position of operating and the position of assisting- is the position of operationg 1. The position of operationg 1 and 5 have an effect on the waist, and the position of assisting 3 has an effect on pains of the waist, bottoms, knees, ankles and feet. 3. The common symptoms of musculoskeletal system disorders in dental hygienists and student was the neck ache and the shoulders, and was followed by the lower back. From the cases that they visited in health care or apothecary to the above pain, symptoms were highest in the shoulders(18.3%) and were followed by the lower back(13.4%) and neck(9.1%). 4. On The necessity of education related to, According to researches, 96.3% college students and 92.5% dental hygienists answered that education related to Musculoskeletal system disorders is necessary. 5. In this study, I have 3 limitations. First, the subject of survey was selected for specific people in the specific city, Second, the personal judgment was made in judging the relations of the position of operating, the position of assisting and the aches. Third, the relations of the position of operating, the position of assisting and the aches don't have supporting medical evidences. Therefore, this study will be carried on more people with more objectives and medical method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.65-83
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• 1999

This study is intended to build a cross-reference system as syndetic device to provide bibliographic relations and to collocate variant access points through references, by developing a reference record format. To this end, the method of this study are as follows: First, the roles of references, which have long been used in traditional records, have been reviewed. Second, ways in which references are depicted not only by current cataloging rules but also by authority control systems are examined. Major characteristics of the reference record are summarized as fellows: 1) If variations either of an author name or of a title are made, or any related works are published, only a single reference record is created. This record uses existing authority records, and instead of adopting authority headings, it will expand the function of the explanatory reference as well as newly implementing a relational reference which can later be used as a reference record. 2) All the variations of identical personal or group names and of lilies are dealt as one access point. In place of current 'see' and 'see also' references, not drawing lines between authority heading(1XX field), 'see'(4XX field) and 'see also' reference(5XX field), all forms of names will be simply applied to record field '1XX'. 3) Any form of data elements, which are used as access points, will be described in '1XX' which has equal value. When a need arises to explain relationships between various access points, it can be met by applying the general explanation reference-name(666 field). Similarly, when there is a need to articulate bibliographic relationships between related works, they will be suggested through the title and relational reference. 4) The title and relational reference regulates related terms that each relation type contains its field, according to each relational type, by reclassifying entire fields in order to provide direct bibliographic relation types on reference records. 5) Pointers which are connected to each access point present reference control numbers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.284-308
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• 1999

This study is about the nationwide research concerning the degree and trends of marital conflict and instability. The research samples are 1,217 married. As the result of the research, the most conflict able issues in Korean couples are on the husband-wife relations, such as habitual differences, sharing in houseworks, conflicts in the role expectation, and the communication problems. In this study, We devide the marital relationships into 4 types (A, B, C, and D) in the view of the satisfaction & instability of marriage. First, the marriage with unsatisfaction and instability (A) was portioned 8.3%, and the satisfactory & stable type (D) was portioned 68.4%. It seems the marital relationships in Korea are relatively stable. However, the portion of type B-unsatisfactory, but stable couples-is 17.1% and the type C-satisfactory, but unstable marriage 6.2%. The result implies that the indication of marital instability should consider not only the divorce rate, but also the quality of marital relationships. In other words, the intervention for the conflict couples yet not divorce is needed. The differences of conflict areas among the relational types is not so much, but the degrees on conflicts are very serious. Especially, in the areas of marital conflict, love issues and personal value system affect the division of relational types of marriage most. It means the interaction factors are the most important variables about maintaining the marital relations with stable and satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.309-317
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of cooperative art activities according to visiting a forest on fulfilling young children's leadership ability and happiness. To achieve this, a study was conducted on experimental and non-experimental groups of 20 young children in classes A and B at S kindergarten, and also a group of children of the same age in a similar environment. The 16-session forest experience play activity program was planned for conducting research on the children's leadership ability and happiness fullness when using the Nuri curriculum, and this was carried out on the experimental group for 2 months. The pre- and post-analyses were carried out on the non-experimental group after outdoor activities on the topic of the Nuri curriculum-related activities. The results were as follows. First, cooperative art activities through the forest experience had a positive effect on the children's reinvention ability, human relations, goal achievement and direction power, which are all sub-factors of their leadership. Second, cooperative art activities through the forest experience had a positive effect on positive emotions, commitment, personal relations, meaning and achievement, which are sub-factors of their total happiness. Overall, their cooperative art activities during the forest experience were judged to be facilitating factors that have a positive effect on their leadership and happiness fullness.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2022

Objectives : This study aimed to provide basic data on intervention strategies that occupational therapists can access by systematically analyzing the intervention and effectiveness for youth with disabilities. Methods : The RISS, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to search for papers published between 2006 and 2021. The keywords were "Disability AND Adolescents OR Young adult AND Transition education OR Transition program". Seven papers were selected for analysis, and the full text was reviewed. The keywords and national relations were analyzed and visualized using the WoS (Web of Science) and VOSviewer programs. Results : The participants were classified into five types (ASD or ADHD, ID, DD, and physical disability). The areas used for the intervention were mixed into three categories: occupation (academic), self-management (time), and interaction (personal relations and communication). Sociality and adaptation, quality of life, and at least one of the three categories of daily life activities showed significant improvement. Conclusions : This study can be used as basic data to expand the area where only OTs can contribute while grasping the research trend of the conversion program and presenting the direction of exchange with various experts by organizing the application and its effects.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.111-141
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• 2018

By the middle of 2018 there are signs of China's entry into a new period of development, characterized by a change in the old model: "market reforms-inner-party democratization - moderate foreign policy" to another: "market reforms - Xi Jinping personality cult - offensive foreign policy." This model contains the risks of arising of the contradiction between economic freedom and political-ideological rigidity which can lead to destabilization of the political life. However, in the current positive economic dynamics, these risks may come out, rather, in the medium and long term. Today, the political situation in China remains stable - despite growing dissatisfaction in scientific expert and educational circles due to increased control over the intellectual sphere by the authorities. The need for a new redistribution of power between central and provincial authorities could potentially disrupt political stability in the medium term, but, at the moment, is not a critical negative factor. The economic situation is positive-stable. Forecasts indicate a possible increase in China's GDP in 2018 at 6.5%. At the same time, there are negative expectations in connection with the Sino-US and potentially Sino-European "trade war". In the Chinese foreign policy, as a response to Western pressure, China increasingly uses the Russian direction of its diplomacy in the expanded version of Russia + SCO. The nuance here is seen in China's adjusted approach to the SCO: first of all, not as a mechanism for cooperation with Russia, but as an organization that allows using Russia's potential for pressure on the US in the Sino-US strategic rivalry. In the second half of 2018, the Chinese economy will continue to develop steadily, albeit with unresolved traditional problems (debts of provinces and state-owned enterprises, ineffective state sector, risks on the financial and real estate market). In politics, discontent with the cult of Xi will accumulate, but without real threats to its power. Weakening in economic opposition between China and the United States is possible due to Beijing's search for compromises on tariffs, intellectual property, trade deficit. To find such trade-offs, Xi will use the so-called. "Personal diplomacy" of direct contacts with Trump.