• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.685-691
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• 2022

Early-life environmental factors can have persistent effects on physiological functions by altering developmental procedures in various organisms. Recent experimental and epidemiological studies now further support the idea that developmental programming is also present in mammals, including humans, influencing long-term health. Although the mechanism of programming is still largely under investigation, the role of endocrine glucocorticoids in developmental programming is gaining interest. Studies found that perinatal glucocorticoids have a persistent effect on multiple functions of the body, including metabolic, behavioral, and immune functions, in adulthood. Several mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in long-term programming. In this review, recent findings on this topic are summarized and the potential biological rationale behind this phenomenon is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to unaffected siblings (SIB) and typically developing children (TC). Methods: Subjects with ASD, their SIB, and TC were recruited. All subjects were assessed using both the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) and the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS) and were subsequently identified as affected or unaffected. Prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history was obtained from the primary caregivers and each facet was compared in those with ASD, the SIB, and the TC groups using SPSS ver. 17.0 (p<.05). Results: 70 individuals with ASD (63 males, 87.94${\pm}$37.8months), 53 SIB (27 males, 85.4087.94${\pm}$48.06 months), and 32 TC (19 males, 104.1987.94${\pm}$23.409 months) were analyzed. The ASD group showed significantly higher rates of insufficient vaccination as they aged age ($x^2$=15.54, p=.000). Among the scheduled vaccinations, the DPT vaccination ($x^2$=10.08, p=.006) was insufficient in ASD groups. The ASD group also showed higher rates of sleep disturbances from infancy. Differences in maternal/paternal age at conception, gestational age, and growth parameters at birth were not significantly difference among the three groups. Conclusion: These results do not support the previous controversies regarding the relationship between prenatal/perinatal complications and ASD. However, these results indicate that perinatal and prenatal factors may contribute to the development of ASD.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.407-420
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• 2001

This article provide information pertaining to recent scientific findings regarding neural and motor control development and the effects of brain damage on that development. Clinical and scientific issues pertaining to perinatal and adult-onset brain damage are discussed. The article is intended to provide the clinician with new information that will assist in patient assessment and the establishment of therapeutic interventions

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.459-465
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• 2001

As the developing of the perinatal medicine, the survival rate of preterm infants are increasing. Viceversa the children with cercbral palsy is increasing also compare to the developing of the perinatal medicine The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the preterm infants and the children with cerebral palsy and their domestic circumstance in 1980 and 1990. And would like to introduce the way how to handle the children with cerebral palsy

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.685-690
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• 2005

Recently, twinning rate increases in Korea since the early 1990s by delayed marriage and prevailing of assisted reproductive technology. But twin and higher-order multiples are at increased risk for perinatal and neonatal mortality over 5 fold despite of dramatic improvement of perinatal and neonatal care. Because twins are born more prematurely and have lower birth weights than singleton. In addition, twins are at increased risk for cerebral palsy mainly in monochorionic twins due to co-twin fetal death, twin to twin transfusion and congenital anomaly. So, this article reviews the factors contributing to the mortality and morbidity of the twins and the efforts to decrease the neonatal mortality of twins.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

LBD-001, a recombinant human interferon $\gamma$ produced by genetically engineered yeast as a host system, was intravenously administered to pregnant female rats (Sprague-Dawley) from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation at dose levels.of $0.35 \times 10^6$, $0.69 \times 10^6$, and $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day. In vasopressin-treated group, vasopressin (5 I.U./kg/day) was intravenously injected only for 5 days of perinatal period. (1) No signicant changes by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed in the body weights, food and water consumption, feeding and nurshing behaviors, and the weights of main organs of mother rats. In vasopressin-treated group, no significant changes were observed except the decrease in the food consumption on day 18 of gestation and one case of abnormal offspring with bleeding spots on the skin. (2) No significant changes in the body weights, survival rates, locomotor activity, emotional development. and the motor coordination of offsprings (F1) by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed except the fact that increase of ambulation in the female offsprings of LBD-001 ($0.69 \times 10^6$ or $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated groups and the increase of rearing in the males of LBD-($1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated group, and the increase of the weight of liver and ovaries in the female offsprings in the LBD-001 ($1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated group were observed. Altogether, the results show that LBD-001 at the dose of $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day or less does not significantly affect the mother rats and their offsprings (F1) except the minor influences when treated during the perinatal and postnatal period.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

This review describes the neurophathological mechanisms that are implicated in perinatal brain injury. Perinatal brain injury is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality to infants, often leading to spastic motor deficits, mental retardation, seizures, and learning impairments. The immature brain injury is usually caused by cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, hemorrhage, or infection. The important form of perinatal brain injury is the hypoxic-ischemic injury and the cerebral hemorrhage. The pathology of hypoxic-ischemic injury include delayed energy failure by mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal excitotoxicity and vulnerability of white matter in developing brain. The immature brain has the fragile vascular bed of germinal matrix and can not effectively centralize their circulation. Therefore, the cerebral hemorrhage process is considered to be involved in the periventricular leukomalacia.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of advanced maternal and paternal age on perinatal outcome in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 1,622 Korean women who delivered at M Woman Hospital from January to December 2010 and their spouses were included. We obtained obstetrics database which included demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrics history, course of the current pregnancy and advised perinatal outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. Results: Women giving birth age 35 or older were statistically significant in paternal age, gravidity, spontaneous abortion experience, method of conception, method of delivery, and multiple gestation compared to women aged <34 years. After adjusting for the confounding effects of maternal characteristics, women aged 35 or older were at increased risk for cesarean section delivery (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.22-2.13) and preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.03-4.63). Conclusion: In this population of Korean women, advance maternal and paternal age is independently associated with specific adverse perinatal outcome, especially preterm birth and cesarean section delivery.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2006

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) are ubiquitously distributed chemicals that are widely used as plasticizers and also found at low levels in foods. The aims of this study were to determine whether perinatal exposure to DBP, DINP and DEHA could alter normal patterns of neonatal development. Dams were provided with pulverized soy-free diet containing 20, 200, 2,000 and 10,000 ppm of DBP, 40, 400, 4.000 and 20,000 ppm of DINP, or 480, 2,400 and 12,000 ppm of DEHA from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 21. Exposure to the high doses of DBP, DINP and DEHA during gestational period significantly decreased food consumption and body weight gain of dams. These chemicals reduced neonatal body weight as well as that of the after maturation. Also, exposure to DINP of all the doses used and the higher doses (2,400 and 12,000 ppm) of DEHA decreased AGD at PND 1 in male neonates, though that to DBP did not affect AGD in males. In female neonates, an increase in AGD was observed in DBP- and DINP-exposed animals at the highest doses. Moreover, these chemicals affected survival rate of pups at PND 5, and delayed onset of eye opening in all chemica1-exposed groups at PND 17. These results suggest that perinatal exposure to these chemicals may affect the normal development and/or growth of offspring.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 1995

A perinatal and postnatal study of KTC-1, a new semisyntheitic rifamycin antituberculous drug, was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. Dosages of KTC-1 0, 12, 27.6, and 63.5 mg/kg/day were administered to dams orally by gavage from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. All pregnant rats were allowed to deliver naturally for postnatal examination of their offspring. At 63.5 mg/kg/day, weakness, dark-red discharge around eyes, a loss in body weight, and a decrease in food and water consumption were observed in dams. An increase in the weight of adrenal gland and spleen, and a decrease in the weight of kidney and heart were also found. An increase in neonatal deaths during the lactation period, a loss in body weight, a delay in physical development, a decrease in traction ability, an increase in the number of errors and the time required for the multiple T-maze trial were found in F1 offspring. In addition, an increase in the incidence of visceral variations and retarded ossification were observed in F1 4 day old rats. An increase in the incience of skeletal anomalies was seen in F2 fetuses. There were no sings of maternal toxicity or embryotoxicity at 12 and 27.6 mg/kg/day. From the results mentioned above, it can be concluded that the no-effect dose levels(NOELs)for dams, F1 offspring, and F2 fetuses are 27.6 mg/kg/day.