• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.841-856
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• 2015

This study sought to explore longitudinal changes in Korean fourth graders' career aspirations in science. The sample included those who had high interest, but low career aspirations in science, and the analysis focused on the concept of science identity. To achieve this study's objectives, we selected 14 participants and then conducted two in-depth interviews with them. Compared with the first interviews (4th grade), changes were observed in eight students' career aspirations in science in the second round (5th grade). While six students maintained "negative" career aspiration, six revealed "medium" and two revealed "positive" career aspiration in science. To explore the relationship between science identities and career aspirations in science, three students were selected from the sample for further study. According to the results, the aspects of science identity that students valued regarding potential careers varied individually. Depending on these aspects, each student showed different patterns in the interactions between different aspects of science identity, and between aspects of science identity and science-related career aspirations. Over time, participants' experiences and interactions with people around them produced changes in their science identity, which led to changes in their career aspirations resulting from the interactions between aspects of their science identity. Their career aspirations in science were also significantly influenced by each participant's perceptions of relationships with peers (i.e., recognition by peers and of peers) and of science-related careers. Therefore, the results suggest that students need to be provided with appropriate learning environments and guidance relating to science careers.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1996

Objective : The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale(BCRS) are frequently using screening tests fur evaluating the cognitive function in clinical practice and research. The authors tried to evaluate the clinical usefulness of these tests for the patients with non-traumatic subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Method : We administered the MMSE and BCRS to 85 patients and 195 normal control group. In order to compare the test results according to the lesion site, we divided patients into left sided lesion group(21 patients), right sided lesion group(31 patients) and both sided lesion group(13 patients). Their cognitive function was evaluated by the BNA and daily living functional activity was examined by the IADLs(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale)and GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument). Results : The results are as follows : 1) In the BNA, the patients scored significantly lower than control group at all items(except Right-Left Orientation and Motor Impersistence), but there were no difference in the MMSE(total score and all 5 items), and only 2 items(recent memory and self-care) were significantly different between two groups in the BCRS. 2) In the comparison by lateralization, there were significant differences among three groups at 3 items(Left Tactile Form Perception, Left Finger Localization and Right Finger Localization) in the BNA. But, there were no difference in the MMSE and BCRS. 3) In the correlation between daily living functioning and the MMSE/BCRS, control group showed no relation(except item of cognitive functioning), but patient group was significantly correlated with 3 items(social functioning, instrumental activities of daily living and cognitive functioning). Conclusions : These findings suggest that MMSE and BCRS are not useful as the test for cognitive function and discrimination of lateralization in patients with non-traumatic subcortical cerebrovascular disease. However, scores of these tests may be related with the functional level(such as daily living function) of patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2020

Objectives: Subjective-objective discrepancy of sleep (SODS) is a common symptom and one of the major phenotypes of insomnia. A distorted perception of sleep deficit might be related to abnormal brain reactivity to insomnia-related stimuli. We aimed to investigate differences in brain activation to insomnia-related stimuli vs. general anxiety-inducing stimuli among insomnia patients with SODS, insomnia patients without SODS, and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: All participants were evaluated for subjective sleep status using a sleep diary and questionnaires; occult sleep disorders and objective sleep status were assessed using polysomnography and actigraphy. Task functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed during insomnia-related stimuli (Ins) and general anxiety-inducing stimuli (Gen). Brain reactivity to Ins versus Gen was compared among insomnia with SODS, insomnia without SODS, and HC groups, and a combined insomnia disorder group (ID, insomnia with and without SODS) was also compared with HCs. Results: In the insomnia with SODS group compared to the insomnia without SODS group, the right precuneus and right supplementary motor areas showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. In the ID group compared to the HC group, the left anterior cingulate cortex showed significantly increased BOLD signals in response to Ins versus Gen. Conclusion: The insomnia with SODS and ID groups showed higher brain activity in response to Ins versus Gen, while this was not observed in the insomnia without SODS and HC groups, respectively. These results suggest that insomnia patients with sleep misperception are more sensitive to sleep-related threats than general anxiety-inducing threats.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2013

Considering the relationship between state-owned enterprise (SOE) CEOs and political circles, this study examines the performance impacts of CEO's succession type, board chair separation, and industry expertise and finance expertise of CEOs and outside directors. I propose the definition of political independence in SOE CEOs based on the independence in appearance that might affect general people's perception. It means that there are no relationships or circumstances that might affect SOE CEO's judgment, activity, and report. The definition is able to overcome the limitations of the prior research that could not discover the CEOs who were affiliated to political circles because the research just distinguished the CEOs following their pre-jobs. This study focused on the performance impacts of political independence impaired CEO as well as the CEO's impacts on the relationship between the performance and other corporate governance variables. I selected as dependent variables the average return on asset as operating income divided by total assets and the average customer satisfaction rate evaluated by Korean government during the first three years following the year of the events of explanatory variables. My theory and evidence from the various CEO's personal background and financial information from SOEs in Lee Myung-bak Administration and Rho Moo-hyun Administration suggest the following important things. First, the analysis based on whether or not a SOE CEO keeps political independence shows that a political independence impaired CEO made a significantly negative impact on customer satisfaction rate. Second, the separation between a board chair and a CEO in SOEs introduced by Korean Act on Management of Public Institutions made a significantly positive impact on customer satisfaction rate. However, the positive impact of the board chair separation was removed in a political independence impaired CEO's SOE. Third, outside director's industry expertise made a significantly positive impact on return on asset. However, the positive impact of the outside director's industry expertise was removed in a political independence impaired CEO's SOE. Fourth, the comparison between Lee Myung-bak Administration and Roh Moo-hyun Administration on the corporate governance and performance of SOEs shows that the ratio of political independence impaired CEO was significantly higher in Lee Administration and the ratio of outside director's industry expertise and finance expertise were respectively significantly higher in Roh Administration. Based on these results, I suggested a few policy alternatives for CEO's improved political independence and requirements for executive's expertise in SOEs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.497-506
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• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the dental caries experience, oral hygiene status and the factors influencing the dental disease in the smoking adolescents and to provide the baseline data for managing smokers efficiently. We recruited 156 smokers(male: 106, female: 50) in middle, high school students in 5 day Non-smoking program in seoul city and 176 non-smokers(male: 64, female: 112) by matching method for considering sex and age from June 1 to August 31 2009. Data on general characteristics, basic oral health care, smoking factors, self-efficiency, control of oral health, oral health promotion behavior, knowledge of oral health were collected by a questionnaire interview. DMFT index, DT index, MT index, FT index, Plaque index, Calculus index were calculated by the oral examination. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Dental clinic visit(p < 0.05), self-perception of oral health status(p < 0.001), oral health concern (p < 0.01) in non-smoker group were significantly higher than that of smoker group. 2. self-efficiency(p<0.05), oral health promotion behavior(p < 0.05) in non-smoker group were significantly higher than that of smoker group. 3. DT index, Plaque index, Calculus index in non-smoker group was significantly lower than that of smoker group(p < 0.0001). 4. The fewer smoke amount, the lower DT index(p < 0.05), Plaque index(p < 0.01), Calculus index(p < 0.001). 5. It was significant correlated among DT index and self-efficiency, oral health promotion behavior, control of oral health. 6. In multiple regression analysis, oral health promotion behavior, Plaque index was proved as a significant factors related with the degree of dental caries experience in smoking adolescents. In other word, the higher oral health promotion behavior, the lower Plaque index, the fewer DT index.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of dental hygienists in different regions about credit bank system and their needs for that. The subjects in this study were 312 dental hygienists in dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul, Gyeonggi province, metropolitan cities, Gangweon province and Gyeongsang province. After a survey was conducted in 2008, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to perception of the credit bank system, 68.3 percent of the dental hygienists were cognizant of that. The dental hygienists from most of the geographic areas were aware of it, but all the forty three dental hygienists from Gangweon province who accounted for 13.8 percent didn't know about that. As for media by which they acquired information on that, many of the dental hygienists learned about it from their acquaintances (46.2%), but that was not the case for the dental hygienists from Seoul and Gyeonggi province. 2. As for expectations for the credit bank system, those from Gyeongsang province had the greatest expectations for that in six out of nine items, which included academic or job performance improvement, acquisition of credits, degree or certificates and access to new technology. 3. Concerning educational spending on the credit bank system, 18.9 percent and 8.7 percent from Seoul/Gyeonggi province and Gangweon province spent less than 30 thousand won, and 19.9 percent from the metropolitan cities spent 30 thousand to less than 50 thousand won. 4. As for the importance of the categories of their major in the credit bank system, those from Gangweon province attached the most importance to oral health education ($3.56{\pm}1.259$), and the dental hygienists from the metropolitan cities put the most stress on preventive treatment ($3.64{\pm}1.191$).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2008

This study was performed to obtain data about dental health to develop childrens' dental health education program. This research surved from from 22 July 2008 to 11 August 2008 and questionaire given to 140 teacher from Gwangsan-gu and Buk-gu and Dong-gu in Gwangju city. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The dental health condition which teacher is recognizing is most with the facility 52.9% which is healthy, one day toothbrush qualitative number of times 3 times 67.1% and the dental floss qualitative number of times is 49.3%. Uses most the oral hygiene device which plentifully is 51.4% with the dental gargle solution, the dental problem which is knowing dental caries with 45.7% to be highest, perception dental sensitivity was 30.7%. 2. Periodical dental prosecuting says that 93.6% is executing, also the case which a dental inspection result in the parents notifies was 78.6%, after notifying treat, the case which confirms was 60.7%. The case which is the toothbrush qualitative time which is systematic was 95.0%, about dental healthily and food the case which executes an education was 93.6%. 3. About educational background by infantile dental health care of teacher with recognition currently the effectiveness of dental health care is higher from below junior college graduating (p < 0.05). dental hygienic relation experience event participation intention (p < 0.01) comes from the above of university graduation from infantile dental health care from important degree of teacher role was higher the junior college graduation group (p < 0.05). 4. Recognition there was not a difference which is beneficial with an educational background by about career by infantile dental health care of teacher. For the buccal cavity hygiene management of the infants thinks with the fact that also the development of the curricular material and the educational program and teacher buccal cavity hygiene education will be necessary.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

This study attempts to find factors contributing to the use pattern of prosthetics by investigating the current condition of prosthetics for the aged of over 65 years old by place of practice. Among those of over 65 years old who live in Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu, Seongbuk-gu, and Gwanak-gu of Seoul and use the apartment senior's center, those having prosthetics were selected as subjects of this study, and this study was conducted in forms of interview and record. Findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, in regard of the state of prosthetics and relevant symptoms in the mouth according to the place of prosthetics practice, there was significant difference in the questions except the medical benefit of prosthetics between unlicensed facilities and dental clinics and hospitals. Second, regarding difference in satisfaction according to the place of prosthetics practice, dental clinics and hospitals showed a higher level of aesthetic satisfaction than unlicensed facilities. For difference in satisfaction at pronunciation, chewing, pain, a sense of foreign body, and holding power, dental clinics and hospitals showed a higher level than unlicensed facilities, Third, after factor analysis on the perception factors of unlicensed treatment and dental treatment, unlicensed facilities showed the highest level of reliability, and then convenience, word of mouth, and modernity in order. Dental clinics and hospitals also showed the highest level of reliability, however, and then convenience, modernity, and word of mouth in order. Fourth, as a consequence of analyzing the factors to influence the use pattern of prosthetics, regarding residential pattern, there were higher possibilities to use dental clinics and hospitals when the subjects lived together with their children and in Gangnam, and the more were the number of pyeong for the residence, pocket money, medical expense, and property in their name, compared to unlicensed facilities. In conclusion, economic factors appear to be the most important factors in selecting facilities for denture prosthodontics. Therefore, it is important to ensure the denture prosthodontics for the elderly are reimbursable so that they can enjoy a healthier life.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the actual conditions of operation in school and investigate the perceptions of science teachers and students regarding the 7th elective-centered curriculum of high school science subjects. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the selected subjects including 127 high school science teachers and 763 high school students in their third year who had experienced the 7th elective-centered curriculum. As a result of the study, concerning the way to present the elective subjects of science, many cases were the alternative way and the group-elective way in humanity courses while natural science courses had the alternative way and the free-elective way in most cases. In other words, in many cases, the right of elective was given within a limited range. The result of the investigation on science teachers' perceptions on the elective-centered curriculum was that negative views dominated as a whole. Especially, earth science teachers showed the most negative attitudes. The number of biology and chemistry teachers who supported students' right to opt subjects were lower than that of physics teachers and earth science teachers who were against it. To help students make a right choice, many viewed that the system of the college Scholastic Ability Test should be complemented in order to prevent any disadvantage to each elective subject or that it was necessary to have systematic and realistic career education. As the result of investigating the perception of high school students in their third year regarding the elective-centered curriculum, they were usually not very satisfied with it. As the reason for it, many said the selection right was limited. Many others also expressed that there were lack of public relations and education on subjects and careers. Based on these results, limits still exist in accepting all demands although there are a lot of efforts made to smoothly adjust supply and demand of science teachers as well as students' electives in the field of school. It is considered necessary to come up with counterplan and complements to prevent basic science from being neglected or lower academic achievement in the subject of science from happening, and at the same time to harmoniously deal with supply and demand of science teachers as well as the issues of students' demands given the actual conditions of school.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the microbiological sanitation status of raw chicken meat distributed in Korea, and potential changes in chicken breast quality during storage. The microbiological sanitation status analysis of raw chicken involved studying the results of microbiological monitoring for a 5-year period (2010~2014) by the Korean Food and Drug Administration. Furthermore, the microbiological status of raw chicken meat in meat packing centers and shops in Seoul/Gyeonggi, Kangwon, and Chungcheong Provinces was investigated from July to August 2015. The total bacterial counts of chicken meat in the packaging centers and meat shop of these Provinces were below the level specified in the Korean Meat Microbiological Guideline ($1{\times}10^7$ colony forming units [CFU]/g) and showed a similar microbiological sanitation status with results of the microbiological monitoring for the analyzed 5-year period. To evaluate the relationship between quality change and microbiological level of the meat distributed in Korea, the pH and microbiological and sensory quality characteristics of the chicken breast samples during storage at $4{\pm}2^{\circ}C$were determined. On day 4, the total bacterial count of the chicken breast was 6.76 log CFU/g, which was close to the official $1{\times}10^7CFU/g$ standard, the pH was 5.96, and the overall acceptability was reduced significantly (p<0.05). In particular, the aroma score was <5, indicating that the consumer panel expressed a negative perception even though the chicken contained a lower microbial level than that specified in the Korean microbiological guideline. These results suggest that the current Korean microbiological guideline for raw chicken meat may require a stricter level of up to $1{\times}10^6CFU/g$ to satisfy both meat safety standards and organoleptic quality for consumers.